一、燃料電池汽車是新能源汽車嗎
是的,燃料電池汽車屬于新能源汽車的一種。新能源汽車是指使(shi)用非常規(gui)的(de)車(che)用燃(ran)料作為動(dong)(dong)力(li)來源(yuan)驅動(dong)(dong)的(de)汽(qi)車(che),以減(jian)少對(dui)傳統石化燃(ran)料的(de)依賴并(bing)減(jian)少環境影(ying)響。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)包括混(hun)合動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(HEV)、純電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(BEV,包括太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)汽(qi)車(che))、燃(ran)料電(dian)池電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(FCEV)、其他新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(如超級電(dian)容(rong)器、飛輪等高(gao)效儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)器)汽(qi)車(che)等四大類型。
燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽(qi)車通過將氫氣和(he)氧氣在(zai)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中進行化學反(fan)應,產生電(dian)(dian)能供給(gei)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機驅動(dong)車輛,從而實現零排(pai)放的(de)目標(biao)。與傳統(tong)的(de)內(nei)燃(ran)(ran)機汽(qi)車相比,燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽(qi)車具有(you)更高的(de)能量轉(zhuan)換效(xiao)率和(he)更低的(de)環境污染。盡(jin)管燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽(qi)車的(de)商(shang)業(ye)化推廣仍面臨一些技術和(he)基(ji)礎設施(shi)挑戰,但它們被視為可持續交(jiao)通系統(tong)的(de)重要(yao)組成部分,有(you)望在(zai)未(wei)來實現更廣泛的(de)應用。
二、燃料電池汽車和純電動汽車的區別
1、原理不同
純電動汽車的原理是(shi)依靠電(dian)池儲備能源(yuan),用電(dian)機(ji)驅動汽(qi)車行駛(shi)。最核心部分就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)池、電(dian)控、電(dian)機(ji)的三電(dian)技術(shu)。
燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)汽車以(yi)氫(qing)(qing)氣為能(neng)(neng)源,工作原理是(shi)把氫(qing)(qing)輸入燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong),氫(qing)(qing)原子的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子被(bei)質(zhi)子交換膜阻(zu)隔,通過外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路從(cong)負極傳導到正極,成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機。區別于傳統的(de)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)一(yi)種儲能(neng)(neng)裝置,是(shi)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)貯(zhu)存起來(lai),需要時再釋放(fang)出來(lai);氫(qing)(qing)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)嚴(yan)格地說是(shi)一(yi)種發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置,就(jiu)像發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠一(yi)樣,是(shi)把化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)直接轉化(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。
2、續航能力不同
燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽車的續航(hang)里程一(yi)般都是400公(gong)里以上(shang),和(he)傳統的燃油(you)車非常(chang)接近。而對純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車來(lai)說(shuo),更(geng)長(chang)的續航(hang)里程意(yi)味著更(geng)重更(geng)貴(gui)的鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包。雖然燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽車的價格目前(qian)更(geng)高,但從(cong)前(qian)景來(lai)說(shuo),同樣續航(hang)里程的情況下(xia),燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽車的成本(ben)會低于純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車。
3、起步速度不同
燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池汽車(che)和純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)兩者之間(jian)(jian)的(de)起(qi)步的(de)速度還是有(you)所區別的(de),主要(yao)的(de)原(yuan)因就是燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池的(de)燃(ran)料在車(che)的(de)儲存罐(guan)當中反應(ying)是需(xu)(xu)要(yao)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de),從車(che)輛的(de)構造上面來說(shuo),燃(ran)料車(che)的(de)乘坐空間(jian)(jian)并沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)乘坐空間(jian)(jian)舒適,燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池需(xu)(xu)要(yao)大的(de)儲存罐(guan),會占據(ju)一定的(de)內部空間(jian)(jian)。
4、燃料/電能補充不同
燃料電池汽車的(de)加氫是物理(li)過(guo)程,3分(fen)鐘(zhong)左右便可(ke)加滿(man)。純(chun)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)是電(dian)(dian)解反(fan)應(ying),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)時候需要控制(zhi)否則會有副(fu)反(fan)應(ying)發生(sheng),目前快(kuai)充(chong)是半個小時充(chong)滿(man)80%,在將來很(hen)長一段時間內比較難(nan)提高充(chong)電(dian)(dian)速(su)度。快(kuai)速(su)換電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)解決(jue)方案受制(zhi)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)質量、所有權、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)型號等問題(ti),可(ke)能對于(yu)公交車(che)有更(geng)多幫助,對私家乘(cheng)用車(che)來說,前景(jing)比較渺茫。
5、發展前景
根據目前的(de)(de)發展來(lai)看,純電動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)由于成本更(geng)低,在短時間內相比氫燃料電池(chi)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)還是(shi)比較有優(you)勢(shi)的(de)(de)。根據長遠來(lai)看,在未來(lai)如果氫燃料電池(chi)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)攻克了氫氣儲存的(de)(de)難點(dian)以(yi)及降(jiang)低成本后,還是(shi)非(fei)常容易普及的(de)(de)。