項目序號:1414
項目編號:Ⅲ-142
公布(bu)時間:2021(第五批)
類別:傳統舞蹈
所屬地區:甘肅(su)省
類型:新增項目
申報(bao)地區或單位:甘(gan)肅省定西市(shi)隴西縣
保護單(dan)位:甘肅省隴西縣文(wen)化館
作為一(yi)種(zhong)古(gu)(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間藝術(shu)(shu),云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起源與(yu)演變(bian)(bian),無(wu)(wu)確切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文字記載。從(cong)形(xing)式上看(kan),朝山隊所(suo)執(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八面(mian)大旗上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖案是(shi)(shi)龍、獅、虎、豹、日月、星辰(chen)、朱雀和(he)玄(xuan)武(wu),云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)、清光傘和(he)巨(ju)幡上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花紋(wen)圖案皆為道(dao)(dao)家特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太極圖、云(yun)(yun)頭環,所(suo)著服飾也(ye)為道(dao)(dao)家仙童打(da)扮;而在(zai)隊伍后(hou)(hou)面(mian),卻高樹一(yi)尊釋迦(jia)牟尼佛像。從(cong)舞(wu)蹈動(dong)(dong)作看(kan),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)國西(xi)部特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間單(dan)手(shou)鞭桿和(he)雙手(shou)鞭桿之武(wu)術(shu)(shu)套路演變(bian)(bian)而來,剛柔相濟,力(li)勢并舉。從(cong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)演內(nei)容(rong)看(kan),民(min)(min)間資料表(biao)(biao)(biao)明,早先云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)演要分大、中(zhong)(zhong)、小三組,至少應由(you)64人組成(cheng)八八六(liu)十四卦之圖形(xing),表(biao)(biao)(biao)演過程中(zhong)(zhong)隨旗幡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指引(yin),不斷變(bian)(bian)幻為陰陽(yang)(yang)(yang)五(wu)行和(he)八卦太極圖勢,以(yi)求神(shen)祈(qi)雨(yu)。改編(bian)后(hou)(hou)民(min)(min)間云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)僅由(you)8人組成(cheng),顯然(ran)完不成(cheng)以(yi)上龐(pang)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)。從(cong)嗩吶吹奏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)曲看(kan),是(shi)(shi)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)(min)間五(wu)聲(sheng)調(diao)式,且與(yu)道(dao)(dao)教及(ji)其活動(dong)(dong)音樂(le)(le)旋律極為接近。由(you)此可以(yi)看(kan)出(chu),隴西(xi)民(min)(min)間朝山隊中(zhong)(zhong),既(ji)有(you)道(dao)(dao)教內(nei)容(rong),也(ye)含佛教成(cheng)份,且在(zai)“浴佛節”演出(chu),這是(shi)(shi)由(you)隴西(xi)地區民(min)(min)間信仰中(zhong)(zhong)佛道(dao)(dao)交融的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 “云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)”這一(yi)稱(cheng)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)來,亦無(wu)(wu)文字記載。但從(cong)制作樣式和(he)敲(qiao)擊方式看(kan),似從(cong)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)演變(bian)(bian)而來。古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)樂(le)(le)隊中(zhong)(zhong),掌拍(pai)擊樂(le)(le)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫“拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)”。拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)之記載,最早見(jian)于公元(yuan)3-5世(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)魏晉時(shi)代(dai)(dai),以(yi)后(hou)(hou)漸為詳盡。木板(ban)(ban)數目(mu),歷代(dai)(dai)不等(deng):公元(yuan)7-10世(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)(唐代(dai)(dai))10余片,公元(yuan)10-13世(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)(宋代(dai)(dai)時(shi))6片,公元(yuan)14-17世(shi)紀(ji)(明代(dai)(dai))時(shi)4片。福(fu)建南音中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)使用(yong)4片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)。其他戲曲樂(le)(le)隊中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban),已逐(zhu)漸變(bian)(bian)為3片,改雙手(shou)握持(chi)對擊為單(dan)手(shou)拍(pai)擊,俗稱(cheng)“牙子”。道(dao)(dao)教中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)稱(cheng)“陰陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)”,說敲(qiao)擊它能(neng)呼風喚雨(yu),法力(li)無(wu)(wu)邊(bian)。那么,隴西(xi)云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)既(ji)然(ran)為道(dao)(dao)家所(suo)創,其名稱(cheng)很可能(neng)由(you)“陰陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)”演變(bian)(bian)為“云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)”。
隴西(xi)云(yun)(yun)陽板(ban)的(de)道具(ju)傳說由國(guo)(guo)舅所持法(fa)寶“云(yun)(yun)陽板(ban)”演變而來。板(ban)長約(yue)三尺(chi),寬二寸五,4片為一副,內貫銅(tong)錢,裝飾有精美圖案,拍擊脆響,是表演者手持的(de)道具(ju)。每年農歷(li)四月初八,隴西(xi)仁壽(shou)山都要舉(ju)行萬人朝山盛會,云(yun)(yun)陽板(ban)舞(wu)便是朝山廟會的(de)主要內容。后經提煉改編,云(yun)(yun)陽板(ban)舞(wu)已(yi)演變成為人民(min)群眾期望風(feng)調雨順、國(guo)(guo)泰民(min)安(an)和祝福吉(ji)祥如(ru)意良好愿(yuan)望的(de)一種民(min)間舞(wu)蹈(dao)藝術。
后(hou)來(lai),隴西(xi)縣(xian)對(dui)云(yun)陽板(ban)舞(wu)蹈(dao)進行了挖掘整理,重新演(yan)(yan)練(lian),并組成了100多人(ren)的(de)隴西(xi)云(yun)陽板(ban)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)隊,為廣大群眾(zhong)獻演(yan)(yan),多次參加國(guo)家和(he)(he)地方的(de)重大活動(dong)(dong)。改編后(hou)的(de)隴西(xi)云(yun)陽板(ban)繼承了單手(shou)鞭桿(gan)、雙手(shou)鞭桿(gan)、撲手(shou)亮相(xiang)、小刀花(hua)翻身、飛(fei)腳臥魚(yu)、吸腿深海、交叉(cha)對(dui)板(ban)、展翅(chi)占(zhan)步、各自擊(ji)板(ban)、互相(xiang)對(dui)板(ban)和(he)(he)繞身轉(zhuan)板(ban)等傳統云(yun)陽板(ban)舞(wu)蹈(dao)的(de)動(dong)(dong)作和(he)(he)步法,表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了黃土高(gao)原(yuan)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)舞(wu)蹈(dao)的(de)風(feng)采。全部舞(wu)蹈(dao)由祈雨、豐(feng)收(shou)(shou)和(he)(he)歡(huan)慶(qing)三(san)篇組成。祈雨篇表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)希望(wang)風(feng)調雨順(shun)的(de)美(mei)好愿望(wang),再現(xian)(xian)(xian)了人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)辛勤(qin)耕耘、引(yin)水灌(guan)溉、克(ke)服困難的(de)情景;豐(feng)收(shou)(shou)篇表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)用勤(qin)勞(lao)(lao)和(he)(he)智慧換來(lai)的(de)金色豐(feng)收(shou)(shou);歡(huan)慶(qing)篇展現(xian)(xian)(xian)了隴原(yuan)兒女祝福的(de)壯美(mei)圖畫。
2011年3月16日(ri),甘(gan)肅省(sheng)定(ding)西(xi)市(shi)隴西(xi)縣(xian)申報的隴西(xi)云陽(yang)板(ban)甘(gan)肅省(sheng)人(ren)民(min)政府(fu)批準列入甘(gan)肅省(sheng)第三(san)批非物質文化遺(yi)(yi)產。遺(yi)(yi)產編號(hao):Ⅲ-5。
2021年5月(yue)24日,甘肅(su)省定西市隴(long)西縣申(shen)報的隴(long)西云陽板(ban)經國務院(yuan)批準列入第五批國家級(ji)非物質文化遺(yi)產代表性項(xiang)目(mu)名錄(lu)。遺(yi)產編號:Ⅲ-142。