1、洪澤湖漁鼓(江蘇省),編號:Ⅲ-115
(1)批次/類型:2014年(第四批),新增項目
(2)申報地區或單位:江蘇省洪澤縣
(3)保護單位:淮安市洪澤區老子山鎮文化廣播電視服務站
2、洪澤湖漁鼓(江蘇省),編號:Ⅲ-115
(1)批次/類型:2014年(第四批),新增項目
(2)申報地區或單位:江蘇省泗洪縣
(3)保護單(dan)位(wei):泗(si)洪縣文化館
泗洪(hong)(hong)(hong)縣地處淮(huai)河中游,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)西(xi)畔(pan),總面積2730平方公里,人口105萬,擁(yong)有(you)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)40%的水面,有(you)國(guo)家(jia)級洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地自然保(bao)護區,風(feng)景(jing)優美,人杰地靈(ling),文(wen)化(hua)底(di)蘊深厚。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)漁(yu)鼓(gu)(gu)淵源有(you)二:其(qi)一《中國(guo)舞(wu)蹈(dao)志·江(jiang)蘇(su)卷》載:“端(duan)鼓(gu)(gu)舞(wu)”源于(yu)滿(man)族人的風(feng)俗——跳神。隨著民間南北文(wen)化(hua)的交(jiao)流,傳到洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區,成為(wei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區漁(yu)民驅邪(xie)、敬(jing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)神、保(bao)佑豐收的民俗。其(qi)二,據洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區有(you)關(家(jia)譜)“端(duan)鼓(gu)(gu)起于(yu)唐(tang)”的記載追憶(yi):當年唐(tang)王為(wei)超(chao)度世上無主冤魂,在洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)穆墩島舉行(xing)水陸大會時(shi),漁(yu)民利用(yong)魚皮蒙(meng)制單面鼓(gu)(gu),端(duan)手(shou)上敲(qiao)打(da)時(shi),邊打(da)邊舞(wu),由此產生“端(duan)鼓(gu)(gu)舞(wu)”。明清(qing)時(shi)期,端(duan)鼓(gu)(gu)舞(wu)形成鼎(ding)盛(sheng)。凡漁(yu)民續家(jia)譜、祭(ji)祀、開捕、燈會時(shi)都要設壇舉行(xing)“打(da)端(duan)鼓(gu)(gu)”活動。后來(lai),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區藝人對打(da)端(duan)鼓(gu)(gu)的舞(wu)姿增加了勞動模擬,同時(shi),“端(duan)鼓(gu)(gu)舞(wu)”改稱“洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)漁(yu)鼓(gu)(gu)”。現在山東省微山湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區有(you)“打(da)端(duan)鼓(gu)(gu)”的曲藝形式(shi)流布。
洪澤湖漁鼓展演時的(de)(de)基本(ben)內容:其一,按(an)照設壇(tan)(tan)項(xiang)目程序進行(xing);其二,程序嚴格(ge)莊重,具體(ti)有(you)開壇(tan)(tan)、展鼓、拜壇(tan)(tan)、祭神(shen)等;其三,展示多(duo)在湖面(mian)上進行(xing),并連兩只(zhi)大船(chuan)(chuan)為舞臺,觀眾坐在自己的(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)上圍(wei)觀,背景布上懸掛著(zhu)各種神(shen)像,裝飾有(you)刻紙(zhi)的(de)(de)圖案(an)。展演時,藝人穿著(zhu)艷麗的(de)(de)服裝,左手(shou)端著(zhu)形(xing)似(si)芭蕉扇單面(mian)羊(yang)皮鼓,右(you)手(shou)用(yong)細竹簽敲擊鼓面(mian),按(an)鼓的(de)(de)節奏踏步,身體(ti)隨船(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)擺動,似(si)船(chuan)(chuan)在水中行(xing)走。有(you)時直接模擬撒網捕魚時的(de)(de)動作(zuo)。展示時有(you)音樂、有(you)舞蹈、有(you)說(shuo)唱,唱詞格(ge)律(lv)與押韻(yun)方式奇巧(qiao)多(duo)樣,別致有(you)趣(qu)。其代表作(zuo)有(you)《張郎休(xiu)妻》、《魏征斬小(xiao)龍》、《唐王游地(di)府》、《劉文龍趕考》等十幾部,主要(yao)曲調(diao)是(shi)“嚷(rang)神(shen)咒(zhou)”、“念佛記”。
洪澤湖(hu)漁鼓展演(yan)的主要特征,一(yi)是綜(zong)合(he)性文(wen)(wen)化藝術特征。表演(yan)時除有音樂、舞蹈、說(shuo)唱之外,在其神壇背景布置上離不開繪畫(hua)、刻紙(zhi);舞蹈的動(dong)(dong)作有武術、雜技,是一(yi)門(men)綜(zong)合(he)性的文(wen)(wen)化藝術。二是舞蹈動(dong)(dong)作別致,步(bu)伐獨特,有“商羊腿”、“剪子步(bu)”、“雙駕(jia)云”、“穿花(hua)”、“走圓場”“走燈”等(deng)。模擬勞動(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)作中(zhong)有“撒網”、“拆網”、“收網”等(deng),高潮迭起。
洪(hong)澤(ze)湖(hu)漁(yu)鼓有(you)著極高的(de)歷史文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)價值和文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)藝術價值。幾(ji)百年來,它(ta)承(cheng)載了湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)漁(yu)民生產(chan)生活的(de)技(ji)藝,保留和傳(chuan)承(cheng)了湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)臨失傳(chuan)的(de)民間風(feng)俗(su)和藝術,記(ji)錄了湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)許(xu)多的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)信息(xi),反(fan)映(ying)(ying)了湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)歷史文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)進程,這一古老的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)表現形(xing)式真實地反(fan)映(ying)(ying)了不同時代湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)漁(yu)民的(de)審美取向(xiang),其演變過程見證了洪(hong)澤(ze)湖(hu)湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)政(zheng)治、經(jing)濟、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)發展的(de)歷程。
洪(hong)(hong)澤(ze)湖漁鼓于2006年(nian)、2007年(nian)、2009年(nian)分(fen)別被泗洪(hong)(hong)縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府、宿遷市(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府、江蘇省人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府列(lie)入(ru)各級(ji)代(dai)(dai)表性保護(hu)(hu)項目名錄。2014年(nian)12月被國務院公布為國家級(ji)非遺保護(hu)(hu)項目名錄。目前存續(xu)和傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)狀況(kuang)良好,現(xian)有市(shi)級(ji)代(dai)(dai)表性傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)3人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),省級(ji)代(dai)(dai)表性傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)1人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。泗洪(hong)(hong)縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府十分(fen)重視(shi)對洪(hong)(hong)澤(ze)湖漁鼓這一古老傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)舞蹈(dao)的(de)保護(hu)(hu),本著“保護(hu)(hu)為主,搶救第(di)一,合(he)理(li)利用,傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)發(fa)展”的(de)方針,制定了(le)《洪(hong)(hong)澤(ze)湖漁鼓保護(hu)(hu)規(gui)劃(hua)》,在(zai)半城鎮(zhen)建立了(le)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)基地、王(wang)玉高(gao)船(chuan)頭傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)習所(suo),并在(zai)政(zheng)策上(shang)、組織上(shang)、經費(fei)上(shang)給予了(le)充(chong)分(fen)保障(zhang)。洪(hong)(hong)澤(ze)湖漁鼓技藝(yi)正在(zai)有序傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)。