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一.產品介紹

特(te)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)地理環(huan)境和資源優(you)(you)勢及特(te)殊種(zhong)植(zhi)模式決定(ding)(ding)了莒縣(xian)(xian)綠蘆(lu)(lu)筍(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)獨特(te)、優(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)質(zhi)。莒縣(xian)(xian)綠蘆(lu)(lu)筍(sun)(sun)粗細均勻、顏色嫩(nen)綠、包頭緊實、風味獨特(te)、口味鮮(xian)美、營養豐(feng)富含有(you)人體必需(xu)的(de)(de)多種(zhong)氨(an)基酸、組(zu)織蛋白、蘆(lu)(lu)丁、膽(dan)堿(jian)、葉(xie)酸等(deng)物質(zhi)以(yi)及硒、鉬、鉻、錳等(deng)微量(liang)素。據醫學專家(jia)論證(zheng)硒、錳具(ju)(ju)有(you)抑制和抗癌作用組(zu)織蛋白可(ke)控制癌細胞生長蘆(lu)(lu)筍(sun)(sun)對(dui)多種(zhong)癌變(bian)、心臟病、高(gao)血壓(ya)、水腫、心動過速、疲勞癥、支氣管(guan)炎、膀胱炎等(deng)多種(zhong)疾病具(ju)(ju)有(you)良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)療效。食用蘆(lu)(lu)筍(sun)(sun)可(ke)提高(gao)免疫力增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)食欲有(you)利于增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)體質(zhi)蘆(lu)(lu)筍(sun)(sun)深受國(guo)內外客(ke)戶的(de)(de)歡迎莒縣(xian)(xian)綠蘆(lu)(lu)筍(sun)(sun)憑(ping)借(jie)優(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)在經初(chu)加工后已(yi)多年遠銷歐盟、、韓(han)國(guo)、新(xin)加坡、香港等(deng)多個國(guo)家(jia)和地區(qu)廣(guang)受消(xiao)費者(zhe)青睞。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

（1）光(guang)熱情況(kuang)：莒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處中(zhong)緯度(du)(du)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，屬于(yu)暖溫(wen)帶(dai)季風區(qu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)陸性氣候(hou)，四(si)季分(fen)(fen)明(ming)，光(guang)照充足，氣候(hou)適宜。主要特(te)征是(shi)：春季溫(wen)和，風多(duo)(duo)雨(yu)少(shao)；夏季炎熱，雨(yu)量集中(zhong)；秋(qiu)季涼(liang)爽，少(shao)雨(yu)干(gan)旱；冬季寒冷(leng)，雨(yu)雪稀(xi)少(shao)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)作物生長(chang)(chang)季節，光(guang)照充足，熱量和降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量都(dou)較(jiao)豐富；但在(zai)個(ge)別(bie)年(nian)(nian)(nian)份，也出現(xian)旱澇(lao)、低溫(wen)等災害性天(tian)(tian)氣。據統計資料(liao)顯示，莒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)12.1℃，全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照時數2485.6小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時，無霜期184天(tian)(tian)，農(nong)耕期280.6天(tian)(tian)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)0℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4664.2℃，大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4181.8℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)901.33mm，多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)14.3℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣壓為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1004.6百帕，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)風速(su)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.7m/s，境內年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對(dui)濕度(du)(du)72%，歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)蒸(zheng)發量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1617.9mm，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)凍結(jie)期為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)57天(tian)(tian)，最大(da)(da)(da)(da)凍土(tu)(tu)深度(du)(du)37cm，能夠滿足種(zhong)植(zhi)業(ye)不(bu)同(tong)輪作制度(du)(du)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。 （2）水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)：莒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬淮河流(liu)域(yu)，境內有沭河和濰河兩大(da)(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。其中(zhong)長(chang)(chang)10km以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有鶴(he)河、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)店(dian)河等26條主要支(zhi)流(liu)，境內水(shui)(shui)(shui)利條件(jian) 中(zhong)華人民共(gong)和國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu) 公布 優(you)越，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)量2.25億m3，清潔無污染。農(nong)田排灌設(she)施配套(tao)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清澈，達到了旱能澆、澇(lao)能排。符合莒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綠(lv)蘆筍(sun)生產基地(di)(di)(di)(di)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標準。 （3）土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況(kuang)：莒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)四(si)周山(shan)丘(qiu)環(huan)繞，中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)和洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)交(jiao)接，南北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)75.6km，大(da)(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)山(shan)頭(tou)450余座，大(da)(da)(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)呈南北(bei)(bei)走(zou)向，東有屋樓崮、嶠子山(shan)，海(hai)拔600m左(zuo)右(you)，西有洛山(shan)、浮來山(shan)，海(hai)拔200m，南有馬亓山(shan)老營頂，海(hai)拔都(dou)在(zai)600m左(zuo)右(you)，北(bei)(bei)有棋山(shan)、金華山(shan)等，海(hai)拔400m以上(shang)，天(tian)(tian)然形成四(si)周高、中(zhong)間(jian)低，南北(bei)(bei)狹長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)槽(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形，沿沭河兩岸為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沖積(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)區(qu)。莒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、塘壩(ba)分(fen)(fen)布在(zai)四(si)周山(shan)丘(qiu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，山(shan)區(qu)、丘(qiu)陵、平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)各占(zhan)三分(fen)(fen)之一。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)共(gong)有棕壤(rang)(rang)、褐土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)和砂(sha)姜黑土(tu)(tu)5個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)土(tu)(tu)類、12個(ge)亞類、13個(ge)土(tu)(tu)屬、93個(ge)土(tu)(tu)種(zhong)。域(yu)內平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)主要分(fen)(fen)布在(zai)且(qie)境中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)沿沭河及其支(zhi)流(liu)兩側的(de)(de)(de)(de)狹長(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，面(mian)積(ji)495平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公里，占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)25.4%。土(tu)(tu)層深厚，土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沖積(ji)洪(hong)積(ji)層，表土(tu)(tu)多(duo)(duo)系壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)坦，坡度(du)(du)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)屬河潮土(tu)(tu)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)儲量豐富，埋(mai)深1-3米。低平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)低平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou)分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)莒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)城(cheng)周圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)陽、陵陽、浮來山(shan)、閻莊、劉家(jia)官莊、嶠山(shan)、招賢、店(dian)子集、墩頭(tou)等鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沖積(ji)物土(tu)(tu)屬，面(mian)積(ji)46.25平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公里，占(zhan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)源(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)9%，占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.3%。根(gen)據《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)志》記載在(zai)上(shang)世紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代莒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)就有栽(zai)植(zhi)綠(lv)蘆筍(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史。建國(guo)以來，莒(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人民發揮地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)優(you)勢(shi)(shi)，從綠(lv)蘆筍(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引種(zhong)、栽(zai)培到貯藏加工等一系列生產過程，積(ji)累了豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐經驗。

三.地域范圍

莒縣綠蘆筍主要(yao)分(fen)布在莒縣小店(dian)鎮、嶠山鎮、閻莊鎮、龍山鎮、店(dian)子集鎮、洛河(he)鎮、招(zhao)賢鎮、劉官莊鎮、城陽街(jie)道等十(shi)二個(ge)鄉鎮（街(jie)道），地理坐標為東(dong)經118°42′～119°15′，北緯(wei)35°21′～35°34′；地域(yu)保護總面積9000公頃。年總產量(liang)4.5萬噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

（1）外在(zai)感官特征：具有本地綠蘆筍(sun)的(de)自(zi)然特征，粗細均勻(yun)、顏色嫩綠、包(bao)頭(tou)緊實、營養豐富等(deng)特定品質。 （2）內在(zai)品質指標：莒縣綠蘆筍(sun)嫩莖，每100g中(zhong)蛋白質≥2.5g%，粗纖維≦1.3%，Vc≥18mg/100g，Se≥0.006mg/kg,Mg≥13mg/100g,Ca≥13mg/100g,k≥205mg/100g。素有“蔬菜之王”的(de)美譽。 （3）質量安(an)全要求：莒縣綠蘆筍(sun)種植(zhi)生產(chan)應嚴格執(zhi)行日照(zhao)市《綠蘆筍(sun)無公(gong)害生產(chan)技術規(gui)程(cheng)》( DB 3711/T 68—2015)。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)(chan)(chan)地要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)與特殊內容規(gui)定 莒(ju)縣綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)于莒(ju)縣小店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，地域分(fen)布(bu)北(bei)至洛河鎮(zhen)(zhen)，南至小店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，東至龍山鎮(zhen)(zhen)，西至劉官莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，共(gong)涉及12個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)質量符合(he)(he)無(wu)公害食品(pin)環境(jing)技(ji)術條件(jian)(jian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 （2）品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇與特性(xing)(xing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 根(gen)據莒(ju)縣土(tu)壤條件(jian)(jian)、氣候(hou)條件(jian)(jian)、技(ji)術條件(jian)(jian)及市場要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)著眼于供需關系，并(bing)考慮到(dao)(dao)綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)的(de)加工、儲藏(zang)、運輸、出口燈(deng)性(xing)(xing)質要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)原有二代綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)品(pin)種(zhong)基礎上(shang)(shang)，選(xuan)育(yu)引進(jin)一(yi)批適宜我(wo)縣自(zi)然條件(jian)(jian)，具(ju)有豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、質優(you)(you)和抗逆(ni)性(xing)(xing)強等特點(dian)的(de)新品(pin)種(zhong)。通(tong)過(guo)近幾年的(de)引種(zhong)、試驗 示范，適宜的(de)優(you)(you)良品(pin)種(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為：國產(chan)(chan)(chan)雜交一(yi)代品(pin)種(zhong)等。 （3）生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管理 ①土(tu)壤管理。蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)園的(de)土(tu)壤管理措施(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包括：栽植前深耕改土(tu)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)期隴上(shang)(shang)培(pei)土(tu)、春(chun)(chun)夏秋季(ji)中(zhong)耕松土(tu)等措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。 ②科學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)。重(zhong)點(dian)推(tui)廣(guang)冬春(chun)(chun)行間施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)有機肥(fei)(fei)，畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)5000公斤。春(chun)(chun)季(ji)采前、留(liu)(liu)(liu)夏田(tian)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)之前及留(liu)(liu)(liu)秋田(tian)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)前，三次(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)及生(sheng)物菌肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)，并(bing)于留(liu)(liu)(liu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)之后適時(shi)進(jin)行葉面追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)。 ③適時(shi)灌溉、及時(shi)排澇。蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)耐旱怕澇，根(gen)據其生(sheng)長特性(xing)(xing)及降(jiang)水(shui)情況，結合(he)(he)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)，每年春(chun)(chun)秋各澆水(shui)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)，干旱年份可多(duo)(duo)澆，保持田(tian)間持水(shui)量60-70%。夏季(ji)降(jiang)水(shui)多(duo)(duo)時(shi)，應注意(yi)排澇，以(yi)防止死(si)株(zhu)或造(zao)成病害蔓(man)延。 ④適期留(liu)(liu)(liu)母(mu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)。適度(du)摘(zhai)心打(da)頂。莒(ju)縣綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采取春(chun)(chun)筍(sun)(sun)和夏筍(sun)(sun)，全年分(fen)兩次(ci)(ci)留(liu)(liu)(liu)母(mu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)，夏母(mu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)宜在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)20日到(dao)(dao)6月(yue)1日間留(liu)(liu)(liu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)，每墩(dun)留(liu)(liu)(liu)2-3株(zhu)，留(liu)(liu)(liu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)打(da)頂高度(du)宜在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)1.2米；秋母(mu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)宜在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)底到(dao)(dao)9月(yue)初(chu)(chu)，每墩(dun)留(liu)(liu)(liu)4-5株(zhu)，留(liu)(liu)(liu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)打(da)頂高度(du)1.2-1.5米。 ⑤病蟲害防治。積極(ji)貫徹“預防為主(zhu)、綜(zong)合(he)(he)防治”的(de)植保方針，多(duo)(duo)采用(yong)人工、物理、生(sheng)物措施(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)病蟲害，減少化(hua)學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)次(ci)(ci)數，充分(fen)保護天敵，嚴(yan)禁使用(yong)高毒、高殘留(liu)(liu)(liu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，推(tui)廣(guang)使用(yong)殺蟲燈(deng)、粘蟲板，使用(yong)低(di)毒、低(di)殘留(liu)(liu)(liu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)或生(sheng)物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，生(sheng)長季(ji)節(jie)噴藥(yao)(yao)(yao)次(ci)(ci)數控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8次(ci)(ci)左右(you)。 ⑥產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)采割及運輸。綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)采割使用(yong)刀具(ju)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地下1-5厘米處(chu)割斷嫩(nen)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)，一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)午(wu)10時(shi)到(dao)(dao)下午(wu)4時(shi)，嫩(nen)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)長度(du)一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20-25厘米，采收之后，可在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地頭進(jin)行初(chu)(chu)步分(fen)級，經分(fen)級后可用(yong)稻草或尼龍繩捆扎，站立(li)于塑(su)料筐內，12小時(shi)之內運到(dao)(dao)加工廠進(jin)行加工。 （4）生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 莒(ju)縣綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)全過(guo)程要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建立(li)田(tian)間生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)檔案(an)(an)，肥(fei)(fei)料、農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使用(yong)檔案(an)(an)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷情況記(ji)錄檔案(an)(an)，全面記(ji)載并(bing)妥善(shan)保存，以(yi)備查閱。