燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽(qi)車(FCV)是一(yi)種用(yong)(yong)車載燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)作為(wei)動力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車。車載燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)所(suo)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃料(liao)(liao)為(wei)高純度氫(qing)(qing)氣或含氫(qing)(qing)燃料(liao)(liao)經重整所(suo)得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高含氫(qing)(qing)重整氣。與通常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車比較，其動力(li)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)在于FCV用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)來(lai)(lai)自車載燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車所(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)來(lai)(lai)自由(you)電(dian)(dian)網充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。因此(ci)，FCV的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)是燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是一種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)燃(ran)燒(shao)燃(ran)料(liao)而(er)直接(jie)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)方式將燃(ran)料(liao)的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)轉變(bian)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)高效(xiao)(xiao)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置。發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)基本原(yuan)理是:電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(燃(ran)料(liao)極(ji))輸(shu)(shu)入氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(燃(ran)料(liao))，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)分子(H2)在(zai)陽(yang)極(ji)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)作(zuo)用下(xia)(xia)被離(li)解成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)離(li)子(H+)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(e-)，H+穿(chuan)過(guo)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質層(ceng)(ceng)向(xiang)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(氧化(hua)(hua)極(ji))方向(xiang)運動，e-因通(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質層(ceng)(ceng)而(er)由一個外(wai)(wai)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路流(liu)向(xiang)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji);在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)輸(shu)(shu)入氧氣(qi)(qi)(O2)，氧氣(qi)(qi)在(zai)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)作(zuo)用下(xia)(xia)離(li)解成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)氧原(yuan)子(O)，與(yu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)外(wai)(wai)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路流(liu)向(xiang)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)的(de)(de)e-和燃(ran)料(liao)穿(chuan)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質的(de)(de)H+結(jie)合生成(cheng)(cheng)穩定結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)水(shui)(H2O)，完成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)放(fang)出熱量。這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)與(yu)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)在(zai)氧氣(qi)(qi)中發(fa)(fa)生的(de)(de)劇(ju)烈燃(ran)燒(shao)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)是完全(quan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)，只要陽(yang)極(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)輸(shu)(shu)入氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)，陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)輸(shu)(shu)入氧氣(qi)(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)就會連續不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)地進行下(xia)(xia)去，e-就會不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)外(wai)(wai)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路流(liu)動形成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，從而(er)連續不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)地向(xiang)汽(qi)車提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)。與(yu)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)切割磁力(li)線的(de)(de)回轉機械發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原(yuan)理也完全(quan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)屬于(yu)一種(zhong)沒有物體(ti)運動就獲得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)靜態發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。因而(er)，燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)具有效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)高、噪音低、無污染物排(pai)出等優點，這確保了FCV成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)真正(zheng)意義(yi)上的(de)(de)高效(xiao)(xiao)、清(qing)潔汽(qi)車。

為(wei)滿足汽(qi)車(che)的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)要求(qiu)，車(che)用(yong)(yong)燃(ran)(ran)料電(dian)池(chi)(chi)還必(bi)須具有高(gao)比能量、低工作溫度、起動快(kuai)、無泄(xie)漏(lou)等特性(xing)，在(zai)眾多(duo)類型的燃(ran)(ran)料電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中，質子交換膜燃(ran)(ran)料電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(PEMFC)完全(quan)具備這些(xie)特性(xing)，所(suo)以FCV所(suo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的燃(ran)(ran)料電(dian)池(chi)(chi)都是PEMFC。