一、電池管理系統的基本功能
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行監控(kong)(kong)與控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),將采(cai)集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)實時反饋給用(yong)(yong)戶(hu),同(tong)時根(gen)據采(cai)集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)調節參(can)(can)數(shu),充(chong)(chong)分發(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng),其(qi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)主(zhu)要有:1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態分析(xi):SOC估(gu)算是BMS的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng),同(tong)時也是評估(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車續航里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要參(can)(can)數(shu)。BMS通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)遍布整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳感(gan)器檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)參(can)(can)數(shu)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和溫(wen)(wen)度等(deng))信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi),由于探測的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)外(wai)加優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)算法處理,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)就可以被非常準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計算出來。2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安全(quan)保護:BMS能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)營(ying)造良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行環境。比如(ru)在(zai)(zai)寒冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)地區,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率降(jiang)低,這個時候BMS會(hui)調用(yong)(yong)加熱(re)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)來讓(rang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)升溫(wen)(wen)使其(qi)達到(dao)舒適的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環境;如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)夏(xia)季或者是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia),BMS會(hui)調用(yong)(yong)冷卻(que)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen),利用(yong)(yong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)大大提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理:充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,BMS會(hui)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)允(yun)許充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單體最(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)高(gao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)度、當前(qian)允(yun)許充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC以及當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備進(jin)行交互,從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)按照(zhao)適配的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)處于高(gao)位(wei)后(hou),BMS會(hui)限(xian)制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),進(jin)入到(dao)“涓(juan)流(liu)模式”(使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)真正飽(bao)和、延(yan)長(chang)使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命),直到(dao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)結束最(zui)后(hou)斷(duan)(duan)開連接。4、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin):BMS把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、溫(wen)(wen)度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC等(deng)數(shu)據通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)CAN通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)傳遞(di),最(zui)終(zhong)我們在(zai)(zai)儀表(biao)上(shang)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)很直觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)看到(dao)續航里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)等(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)。不(bu)僅如(ru)此,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)對故障(zhang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)進(jin)行分析(xi),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)相關策略(lve)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)行保護和控(kong)(kong)制,同(tong)時讓(rang)故障(zhang)燈(deng)點亮以便提醒(xing)車主(zhu)。5、故障(zhang)診斷(duan)(duan):除了通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)外(wai),BMS還能(neng)(neng)(neng)起到(dao)故障(zhang)診斷(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。BMS會(hui)根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)參(can)(can)數(shu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)制定相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)閾值(zhi)表(biao),BMS通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)故障(zhang)閾值(zhi)表(biao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)行保護并(bing)上(shang)報故障(zhang)類型,方(fang)便后(hou)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)排查以及檢修(xiu)維護。
二、電池管理系統的英文縮寫為什么
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理(li)(li)系統的(de)英文(wen)縮寫(xie)(xie)是BMS,它是英文(wen)BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM的(de)首字(zi)母縮寫(xie)(xie),翻(fan)譯(yi)過來就是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理(li)(li)系統。隨著新能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)的(de)廣泛應(ying)用,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容(rong)量、安全(quan)性、健(jian)康狀態與續航能(neng)力日益成為關(guan)注重(zhong)點,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理(li)(li)系統通過對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)監控(kong)與控(kong)制,可以將采集(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)信息實時反(fan)饋給用戶(hu),同時根據采集(ji)的(de)信息調(diao)節參數,充分發揮電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)性能(neng)。
三、電池管理系統開發流程
1、電池管理系統開發的前期工作:電池管理系統的開發過程是從“確定BMS的拓撲結構”、“確定BMS的各項功能”、“動力電池特性測試”這三項工作開始的。2、電池管理系統軟硬件設計及實現:軟硬件設計及其實現是電池管理系統開發的主體工作,軟件的開發與硬件的開發工作是相輔相成的,即進行軟件開發的時候需要兼顧到各部分硬件的可執行為,而進行硬件設計的時候需要充分考慮到軟件算法復雜度。3、BMS單元測試及動力電池組整體測試:在完成電池管理系統硬件設計、制作以及軟件系統的編程、調試以后,所制訂的電池管理系統的各項基本功能就可以實現了。接下來需要做的就是大量的測試工作,其中包含BMS本身的單元測試以及整個動力電池組的整體測試。電池管理系統是一個比較復雜的系統,對開發要求較高,好的電池管理系統通常是專業的電池管理系統廠家開發出來的。
四、電池管理系統的工作原理是什么
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統由電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)終端(duan)模塊(kuai)(主(zhu)要進行(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)采集,如:電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)參(can)數(shu)、電(dian)(dian)流參(can)數(shu)、溫度(du)、通信(xin)信(xin)號等)、中間控(kong)制(zhi)模塊(kuai)(主(zhu)要與整車系(xi)統進行(xing)(xing)(xing)通訊(xun),控(kong)制(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機等)和顯示模塊(kuai)(主(zhu)要進行(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)呈現,實現人機交互(hu))三部分組(zu)成,采用內部CAN總線技(ji)術實現模塊(kuai)之間的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)信(xin)息通訊(xun)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統工作時,通過電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)終端(duan)模塊(kuai)檢測動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)中各(ge)單體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)狀態(tai)來確定整個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統的(de)(de)狀態(tai),并根據(ju)(ju)它(ta)們的(de)(de)狀態(tai)對動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統進行(xing)(xing)(xing)對應的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)調整和策略實施,實現對動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統及各(ge)單體的(de)(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)管(guan)理以保證動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統安全穩定地運行(xing)(xing)(xing)。