一、鋰電池和鉛酸蓄電池的區別
1、安全對比
動力(li)型鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(錳(meng)酸鋰(li)(li)、磷酸鐵(tie)鋰(li)(li))材(cai)料不同安全(quan)性(xing)有所差(cha)別,鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)技(ji)術已經相(xiang)當(dang)成熟,安全(quan)性(xing)比鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)高。
2、環保對比
鋰(li)電池沒有(you)污(wu)染(ran),而鉛(qian)酸(suan)電池有(you)重金屬鉛(qian)的污(wu)染(ran)。所以使(shi)用鉛(qian)酸(suan)電池的電動(dong)汽車還是會污(wu)染(ran)環境(jing)。
3、價格對比
市場上相同容量的品牌鋰電池價格是鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池的(de)一(yi)倍(bei)多。這就是使(shi)用(yong)鋰電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)動(dong)汽車價格比(bi)較貴的(de)原因。
4、能量對比
鋰電池的質量比、體積比、能量比都高(gao)于鉛酸(suan)電池大概約40%。
5、自放電率對比
鋰電池(chi)(chi)月自(zi)放電小于3%,而鉛酸電池(chi)(chi)15~30%,差別較大。
6、使用壽命對比
目前通用的磷酸鐵鋰充電(dian)(dian)1500次,沒有記(ji)憶效應,充電(dian)(dian)1500次后約85%的存(cun)儲能力,而(er)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)為500次左右,存(cun)儲能力也會(hui)大幅下(xia)降,而(er)且(qie)記(ji)憶效應很明(ming)顯(xian)。所以使用鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)動汽車電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命會(hui)更長。
7、電壓平臺對比
鋰電(dian)池電(dian)壓平(ping)臺都(dou)大于3V,鉛酸電(dian)池是2V。
8、放電特性對比
簡(jian)單的說同樣容(rong)量的電(dian)(dian)池(chi),大電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)的情況(kuang)下,鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)要比鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)多(duo)放出(chu)來(lai)約30%的電(dian)(dian)。
9、耐用性方面
鋰電池(chi)耐用性較強,耐震動性好(hao),完全充電狀態的(de)電池(chi)安(an)全固定,消耗(hao)慢,充放(fang)超過500次,并且無記憶,一(yi)般壽命(ming)在4—5年。鉛酸電池(chi)一(yi)般在深(shen)充深(shen)放(fang)電400次以內,有記憶,壽命(ming)在兩(liang)年左(zuo)右。如(ru)果使(shi)用的(de)是免維護鉛酸蓄電池(chi),需要注意的(de)是其電池(chi)失水量(liang)少,使(shi)用中一(yi)般不需添加蒸餾水。
二、電動車鋰電池和鉛酸蓄電池哪種好
1、鉛酸電池優缺點
性價比(bi)高:一般認為電動車用鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)比(bi)鋰(li)電池(chi)要(yao)好,主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)因為鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)更(geng)安全,價格相對(dui)便(bian)宜,大眾(zhong)更(geng)容易接受,最(zui)重要(yao)的是(shi)(shi)鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)回收價格比(bi)鋰(li)電池(chi)更(geng)高。
高(gao)倍(bei)率放電(dian)(dian)性能更(geng)好:一般來(lai)說,一組鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)只(zhi)要幾百(bai)塊(kuai),一組鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),隨(sui)(sui)隨(sui)(sui)便便的就要一千多近兩千塊(kuai)。鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過載能力(li)和抗沖擊能力(li)強,電(dian)(dian)動車(che)行駛中的阻力(li),隨(sui)(sui)時變換,甚至突然被停止,這(zhe)時電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)流變化很大的,在打火那(nei)幾秒鐘,電(dian)(dian)流達兩三百(bai)安培,鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能安然無恙,而(er)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)則是(shi)難(nan)望其項背。
鉛酸(suan)電池(chi)也有缺點:比如重金(jin)屬(shu)容易造成環境污(wu)染;與鋰(li)電池(chi)相(xiang)比,鉛酸(suan)電池(chi)能量密度(du)更低(di);而且其使用(yong)壽命(ming)不及鋰(li)電池(chi)。
2、鋰電池優缺點
能效高:鋰電池(chi)無論是體積比能量(liang),還是重量(liang)比能量(liang),鋰電池(chi)均比鉛酸蓄電池(chi)高出3倍以上。鋰電池(chi)體積更小、重量(liang)更輕(qing)、循環(huan)壽命(ming)長。
輕便環保:鋰電池相(xiang)(xiang)對輕巧,攜帶(dai)方便,而壽命相(xiang)(xiang)對要長很多。此外,鋰電池的高低溫(wen)適(shi)應性(xing)更強,受溫(wen)度(du)影響因素(su)較小,且更加綠色環保。
鋰電池也有三個缺點:其(qi)安全(quan)穩定(ding)性相對而言比(bi)較差,要是操作不(bu)當(dang),很容(rong)易發(fa)生(sheng)爆(bao)炸的風險。另外,鋰電池不(bu)能(neng)大(da)電流放電且生(sheng)產要求條件高,成本更(geng)高。
以目前(qian)而(er)言,鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)普及率低于(yu)鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)車(che),其主要的(de)(de)(de)因素是技術的(de)(de)(de)不完善(shan),鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成本仍(reng)相(xiang)對偏高。因此在現有“鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)”產品設計中,多采用減少鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量配置,來相(xiang)應(ying)降低整(zheng)車(che)實施成本,而(er)這(zhe)使得現有“鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)”產品之車(che)型(xing)過于(yu)單一化。比(bi)如,目前(qian)市(shi)(shi)面上(shang)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產品多為(wei)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單車(che)”而(er)且續程不是很(hen)遠的(de)(de)(de)車(che)型(xing),但是像四輪電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che),四輪老(lao)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)代(dai)步車(che)這(zhe)些比(bi)較遠續程的(de)(de)(de)就目前(qian)情況還是比(bi)較適合(he)“鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)”。總(zong)之鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)哪個好(hao),不能單純的(de)(de)(de)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)質量好(hao)壞而(er)論,二者各(ge)具優劣,適應(ying)于(yu)不同的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求人群,消費者應(ying)根據自(zi)己(ji)需(xu)(xu)求選擇。