蓄電池充電，蓄電池充電器

出現下(xia)列(lie)情況之一時應進行充電：電解液比重降(jiang)至1.2以(yi)下(xia)；冬季(ji)放電超過(guo)25%；夏季(ji)放電超過(guo)50%；燈(deng)光暗(an)淡；啟動無力。

有的(de)車主(zhu)認為(wei)，快(kuai)速(su)充電可以(yi)節省(sheng)時(shi)間，只(zhi)需(xu)要3-5個小時(shi)。其實不然，快(kuai)速(su)充電只(zhi)是(shi)迅速(su)把電池表面激活(huo)，而實際上電池內(nei)部(bu)是(shi)沒有 完全充滿電的(de)。

除了(le)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)之外，還有(you)一(yi)種為慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就必須進行(xing)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，否(fou)則(ze)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間不(bu)夠，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)足 ，會(hui)直(zhi)接影響(xiang)到汽車的行(xing)駛性能(neng)。雖說充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是個相當簡單的操作(zuo)，但也有(you)一(yi)些注意(yi)事項：1、向鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，要穿上保護衣。2、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時， 蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)附近不(bu)能(neng)有(you)火花(hua)，禁止(zhi)抽(chou)煙。3、對一(yi)個或(huo)對多個蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)并聯充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)要超過16V。

蓄電池充電誤區

新蓄電池不進行初充電

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)首次(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為初(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，初(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)有(you)很大的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)不高(gao)，使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)也短；若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)量(liang)，則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能雖然(ran)好(hao)，但也會縮(suo)短它(ta)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)，所以新蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池要小心謹慎(shen)地進行(xing)初(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于普通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用前一定(ding)要按充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)范進行(xing)初(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于干(gan)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，按使(shi)(shi)用說明書(shu)，雖然(ran)在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)兩(liang)年(nian)儲(chu)存(cun)期內若需使(shi)(shi)用，只要加入規(gui)定(ding)密度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液擱置15min，不需要充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即可投入使(shi)(shi)用。但是(shi)，如果(guo)儲(chu)存(cun)期超過(guo)兩(liang)年(nian)，由于極(ji)板上(shang)有(you)部(bu)分氧化，為了提高(gao)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)，使(shi)(shi)用前應進行(xing)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5h-8h后再用。

蓄電池不進行補充充電

有些駕(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)常忽視(shi)對在(zai)用(yong)車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)車上充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)不徹底(di)，易造成極(ji)板硫(liu)化(hua)；同時(shi)，在(zai)使用(yong)中充(chong)(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)量是不平衡的(de)，倘若放電(dian)(dian)大(da)于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)而(er)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池長期(qi)(qi)處(chu)于(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池極(ji)板就會慢慢硫(liu)化(hua)。這種慢性硫(liu)化(hua)，會使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)量不斷降低，直(zhi)到起動(dong)無(wu)力，大(da)大(da)縮短(duan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用(yong)壽命。為使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池極(ji)板上的(de)活(huo)性物質及時(shi)得到還原，減少(shao)極(ji)板硫(liu)化(hua)，提高蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)量，延長其使用(yong)壽命，對在(zai)用(yong)車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池應定期(qi)(qi)進(jin)行補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池過充電

蓄(xu)電(dian)池經(jing)常過量充電(dian)，即使(shi)充電(dian)電(dian)流不大，但電(dian)解(jie)液長(chang)時間“沸騰”，除(chu)了活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)表面(mian)的細小顆(ke)粒易于脫落外，還(huan)會使(shi)柵(zha)架過分氧化，造(zao)成活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)與柵(zha)架松散剝離。

充電時極性充反

由于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)材料不(bu)同(tong)，除了(le)活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)外，負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)還添加了(le)硫酸(suan)鋇、腐殖酸(suan)、炭黑和松香等材料，用(yong)來防止負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)收縮和氧(yang)化。另外，每個單格蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)數又總是比(bi)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)數多一(yi)片，而且(qie)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)比(bi)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)略薄。當進行(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，若不(bu)注意極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)，會(hui)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充反，使(shi)正、負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)幾乎(hu)都變成粗晶粒的(de)PbSO4，造成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量不(bu)足，不(bu)能正常工作(zuo)，甚(shen)至導致(zhi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)報(bao)廢(fei)。因此(ci)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時一(yi)定要注意極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)，切不(bu)可極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)充反。

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