蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(Storage Battery)是(shi)將化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)直(zhi)接轉化(hua)成(cheng)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)的一(yi)種裝置，是(shi)按可再充電(dian)設計(ji)的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，通(tong)過可逆的化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應實現再充電(dian)，通(tong)常是(shi)指鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，它(ta)是(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的一(yi)種，屬于二次電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。它(ta)的工作原理(li)：充電(dian)時利用外部(bu)的電(dian)能(neng)(neng)使(shi)內(nei)部(bu)活性物質再生，把電(dian)能(neng)(neng)儲(chu)存為化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)，需要放電(dian)時再次把化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)為電(dian)能(neng)(neng)輸(shu)出，比如生活中常用的手機電(dian)池(chi)(chi)等(deng)。

方程式如下：

總反應：b(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)可逆符號(hao)2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

放電(dian)時(shi)：負Pb(s)-2e-+SO42-(aq)=PbSO4(s)

正PbO2(s)+2e-+SO42-(aq)+4H+(aq)=PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

總Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)=2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

充電電解池

陰(yin)極PbSO4(s)+2e-=Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)

陽極PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)-2e-=Pbo2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H+(a

注(zhu)（充(chong)電時(shi)陰(yin)極為放電時(shi)負極）

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鉛(qian)酸蓄電池

常用的車用蓄(xu)電(dian)池主要分為三(san)類：普通蓄(xu)電(dian)池、干荷蓄(xu)電(dian)池和免維護蓄(xu)電(dian)池。

普通蓄電池(chi)：普通蓄電池(chi)的(de)極板(ban)是由鉛和鉛的(de)氧化物(wu)構成，電

解液是硫(liu)酸的水溶液。它的主要優點是電(dian)壓穩定、價格便宜；缺(que)點是比能低(即每公(gong)斤蓄電(dian)池存儲的電(dian)能)、使用壽命(ming)短和(he)日(ri)常維護頻(pin)繁。

干(gan)荷蓄電池(chi)：它的全稱是干(gan)式荷電鉛酸蓄電池(chi)，它的主(zhu)要(yao)特點是負極板有較高(gao)的儲電能力，在完全干(gan)燥狀態下，能在兩年內保存(cun)所得到的電量(liang)，使(shi)用(yong)時，只需加入電解液，等過20—30分鐘就可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)。

免維護(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)：免維護(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)由于自(zi)身(shen)結構上的(de)優勢，電(dian)解液的(de)消耗量非常小(xiao)，在使用(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)內基(ji)本(ben)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)補(bu)充(chong)蒸餾水(shui)。它還(huan)具(ju)有耐震、耐高(gao)溫、體積(ji)小(xiao)、自(zi)放電(dian)小(xiao)的(de)特(te)點(dian)。使用(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)一(yi)般為普(pu)通蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)兩(liang)倍。市場(chang)上的(de)免維護(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)也有兩(liang)種(zhong)：第一(yi)種(zhong)在購買時一(yi)次性加電(dian)解液以后使用(yong)中不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)維護(hu)(添加補(bu)充(chong)液)；另一(yi)種(zhong)是電(dian)池(chi)本(ben)身(shen)出廠時就已經(jing)加好電(dian)解液并封死，用(yong)戶(hu)根本(ben)就不(bu)能加補(bu)充(chong)液。

UPS蓄電池

UPS 稱為不間斷電(dian)(dian)源，是因(yin)為停電(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)候，它能(neng)快速轉(zhuan)換到"逆變(bian)"狀態，從而不會讓在使用(yong)(yong)(yong)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)腦因(yin)為突然停電(dian)(dian)未來得及存儲而失(shi)去重要文件。 不是用(yong)(yong)(yong)來當備用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)源用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)，如果你只是想在停電(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)候可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)，光(guang)買逆變(bian)器就夠了(le)。 一般家用(yong)(yong)(yong)UPS里用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)大多是，免(mian)維護型鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

詳細>>

蓄電池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)多(duo)久(jiu)

老式普通蓄電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般(ban)壽命在2年左右(you)，而且需定(ding)期檢查電(dian)解液的高(gao)度并添加蒸(zheng)餾水。免維護蓄電(dian)池(chi)的壽命則(ze)為3年左右(you)。

影響蓄電池內阻(zu)的因素(su)

1、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)時(shi)間：隨著使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)間的(de)(de)增加(jia)，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)解液失水(shui)、極板(ban)(ban)與(yu)連接(jie)條(tiao)的(de)(de)腐蝕、極板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)硫酸化(hua)、極板(ban)(ban)變形及活性(xing)物質的(de)(de)脫落等因素(su)，造成(cheng)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量減小(xiao)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻(zu)變大。

2、蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)荷量：由于注(zhu)入蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)解液深度、電(dian)極表面(mian)反應(ying)物質的(de)(de)厚(hou)度、電(dian)極表面(mian)的(de)(de)孔隙(xi)率等不同，而使蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)內阻相差較大(da)，從(cong)而電(dian)荷量也(ye)相差較大(da)。

3、溫度(du)：環境溫度(du)的(de)變化，例如上升(sheng)，這時(shi)反應物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)擴(kuo)散(san)加(jia)快、電荷傳遞(di)、電極動力學過程和物(wu)質(zhi)轉移更容易(yi)進行，因而(er)蓄電池(chi)內阻減小(xiao)。反之，就會增加(jia)。

4、蓄(xu)電(dian)池的型(xing)號：不(bu)同(tong)(tong)生產廠、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)種類、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)型(xing)號的蓄(xu)電(dian)池，由于電(dian)極(ji)、電(dian)解液、隔膜的材料配(pei)方不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，電(dian)池的結構不(bu)同(tong)(tong)、裝配(pei)工藝不(bu)同(tong)(tong)而使蓄(xu)電(dian)池內阻產生差異。

詳(xiang)細>>

1、選擇(ze)品牌的蓄電(dian)池(chi)

購買(mai)(mai)汽(qi)車蓄電池時，盡量買(mai)(mai)品(pin)牌的(de)，質量有(you)(you)保證。但是要(yao)注意(yi)，品(pin)牌的(de)也(ye)有(you)(you)假冒的(de)，要(yao)去正(zheng)規的(de)汽(qi)配中心(xin)購買(mai)(mai)才行。

2、小心翻新的

有的(de)蓄電(dian)池看(kan)起來很(hen)新，很(hen)可(ke)能是翻新的(de)，這就要(yao)看(kan)蓄電(dian)池的(de)做(zuo)工是否精細、外包裝是否嚴(yan)密等(deng)。

3、要有保質期

購買(mai)了汽車新蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池，要有一(yi)定(ding)的保質期才行，這樣的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池才能用住。不(bu)要使(shi)用一(yi)段(duan)時間后就虧電(dian)(dian)無(wu)法使(shi)用了。

4、注(zhu)意蓄電池接口是否嶄新(xin)

蓄(xu)電池(chi)購(gou)買后(hou)，要仔(zi)細查看(kan)接口，是否嶄新(xin)，有(you)沒有(you)用(yong)過(guo)的痕跡，有(you)的新(xin)蓄(xu)電池(chi)被(bei)用(yong)了(le)一段時間了(le)，不宜購(gou)買。

5、蓄(xu)電池要注(zhu)意用電保護(hu)

購買的新蓄電(dian)(dian)池，也(ye)要注意用電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護，不(bu)能(neng)熄火(huo)后還開著(zhu)大燈(deng)，非常耗電(dian)(dian)的。平常盡量(liang)少開收(shou)音機、燈(deng)光。

6、選擇適用的蓄電池類型(xing)和規格尺寸

蓄蓄電(dian)池過大過著過小(xiao)(xiao)都對使用有(you)隱患，因(yin)此要選擇(ze)適合(he)自己汽(qi)車(che)的(de)蓄蓄電(dian)池，并根據電(dian)器耗電(dian)的(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)和(he)特(te)點，購買適合(he)電(dian)器的(de)蓄電(dian)池。

詳(xiang)細>>

1、恒定(ding)電流充電法(fa)

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流始終保持(chi)不(bu)(bu)變，叫做恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中由于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐(zhu)(zhu)漸升(sheng)高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐(zhu)(zhu)漸下降(jiang)，為保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)(bu)致因蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)高(gao)而減小(xiao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程必須逐(zhu)(zhu)漸升(sheng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流始終不(bu)(bu)變，這(zhe)對于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)自(zi)動(dong)化程度要求較高(gao)，一般簡陋(lou)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備是不(bu)(bu)能滿足(zu)恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的(de)。恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池最大(da)答應的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流情況(kuang)下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)就可以(yi)縮短。若(ruo)從時間(jian)上(shang)考(kao)慮，采用此法(fa)有利的(de)。但在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流仍(reng)不(bu)(bu)變，這(zhe)時由于大(da)部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)出氣(qi)泡(pao)過(guo)多而顯沸騰狀，這(zhe)不(bu)(bu)僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而且(qie)輕(qing)易(yi)使極板上(shang)活性物質(zhi)大(da)量(liang)脫(tuo)落，溫升(sheng)過(guo)高(gao)，造成(cheng)極板彎曲，容量(liang)迅速下降(jiang)而提前報廢。所以(yi)，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)很少(shao)采用。

2、恒定電壓充(chong)電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓始終保持不(bu)變(bian)，叫做恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)，簡(jian)稱恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)或(huo)等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。由于恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始至后期，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓始終保持一(yi)(yi)定，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相當大，大大超過正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值。但(dan)隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)進行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)。當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相等時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流減(jian)至最小(xiao)(xiao)甚至為零。由此可見，采用恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)優點在(zai)于，可以(yi)避(bi)免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過大而(er)造成極(ji)(ji)板活性物質脫(tuo)落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)損失。但(dan)其缺點是，在(zai)剛開(kai)始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)活性物質體(ti)(ti)積變(bian)化收縮太快，影響活性物質的(de)(de)機械強度，致使(shi)其脫(tuo)落。而(er)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流又(you)過小(xiao)(xiao)，使(shi)極(ji)(ji)板深處的(de)(de)活性物質得不(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應(ying)，形成長期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，影響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)一(yi)(yi)般只適用于無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)或(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)較簡(jian)陋的(de)(de)特殊(shu)場(chang)合，如汽車上蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)式的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均(jun)采用等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。采用等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)給蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，所(suo)(suo)需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓：酸性蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每個單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為2.4～2.8V左右，堿性蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每個單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為1.6～2.0V左右。

3、有固(gu)定電(dian)阻(zu)的恒定電(dian)壓(ya)充電(dian)

為(wei)補救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)缺點而(er)采用(yong)的(de)一種方法。即在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間串(chuan)聯一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，這樣充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以調(diao)整。但有時(shi)最(zui)大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)受到限制，因此(ci)隨充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻幾乎成(cheng)為(wei)直線衰減。有時(shi)使用(yong)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值，約在(zai)2.4V時(shi)，從(cong)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)轉換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以減少(shao)出(chu)氣。

4、階段等(deng)流充電法

綜(zong)合恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)恒(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)特點，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期用(yong)(yong)較大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，經過(guo)一(yi)段(duan)(duan)時間改用(yong)(yong)較小的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，至充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改用(yong)(yong)更小的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，即不(bu)同(tong)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)內以(yi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)行恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方法(fa)，叫做階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，一(yi)般可分為兩個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)進(jin)行，也可分為多個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)進(jin)行。

階(jie)段(duan)(duan)等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法所(suo)需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)短，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)效果也(ye)好。由于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)后期改用較小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，這樣減少了氣(qi)泡對極板活(huo)性物質(zhi)的(de)(de)沖洗，減少了活(huo)性物質(zhi)的(de)(de)脫落(luo)。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法能延長蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用壽命(ming)，并節(jie)省電(dian)能，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)又徹底，所(suo)以(yi)是當前常用的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方法。一(yi)般蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)第(di)一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)以(yi)10h率電(dian)流(liu)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，第(di)二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)以(yi)20h率電(dian)流(liu)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。各階(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)的(de)(de)是非(fei)，各種(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)要求和標準(zhun)不一(yi)樣。

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1、蓄(xu)電池長久不用(yong)，它(ta)會慢慢自行放電，直至報(bao)廢。因(yin)此(ci)，每隔(ge)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)間就應啟動一(yi)次(ci)(ci)汽車，給蓄(xu)電池充電。另(ling)一(yi)個辦法就是將蓄(xu)電池上的(de)兩個電極(ji)(ji)拔下(xia)(xia)來(lai)，需注意的(de)是從電極(ji)(ji)柱上拔下(xia)(xia)正、負(fu)兩根電極(ji)(ji)線，要(yao)先(xian)拔下(xia)(xia)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)線，或卸下(xia)(xia)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)和汽車底盤的(de)連(lian)接。然后(hou)再拔去帶有(you)正極(ji)(ji)標志（+）的(de)另(ling)一(yi)端，蓄(xu)電池有(you)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)使用(yong)壽命，到一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)時(shi)(shi)期就要(yao)更(geng)換。在更(geng)換時(shi)(shi)同樣要(yao)遵(zun)循上述次(ci)(ci)序，不過在把電極(ji)(ji)線接上去時(shi)(shi)，次(ci)(ci)序則恰恰相反，先(xian)接正極(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)再接負(fu)極(ji)(ji)。

2、當電(dian)流表(biao)指針(zhen)顯示蓄(xu)電(dian)量(liang)不(bu)足時，要(yao)及時充電(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)量(liang)可以在(zai)儀表(biao)板(ban)上反映出來(lai)。有(you)時在(zai)路途中發(fa)現(xian)電(dian)量(liang)不(bu)夠(gou)了，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機又熄火啟動(dong)(dong)不(bu)了，作為(wei)臨(lin)時措施，可以向其他的(de)車輛(liang)(liang)求助，用它們車輛(liang)(liang)上的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)來(lai)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)車輛(liang)(liang)，將兩個蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)負極(ji)和負極(ji)相連(lian)，正(zheng)極(ji)和正(zheng)極(ji)相連(lian)。

3、電解液的(de)密度應按(an)照不同(tong)的(de)地區、不同(tong)的(de)季節按(an)照標(biao)準(zhun)進行(xing)相應的(de)調整。

4、在虧電(dian)解液時應(ying)補(bu)充蒸餾水(shui)或專(zhuan)用(yong)補(bu)液。切忌用(yong)飲用(yong)純(chun)凈水(shui)代替。因(yin)為純(chun)凈水(shui)中(zhong)含有多種微量(liang)元素(su)，對蓄(xu)電(dian)池會造成(cheng)不良(liang)影響。

5、在啟動汽車(che)(che)時(shi)，不(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)斷(duan)地使(shi)用(yong)啟動機會導致(zhi)蓄電池因過度放(fang)電而損壞。正確的(de)使(shi)用(yong)辦法是每次發動車(che)(che)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)總長(chang)不(bu)(bu)超過5秒，再次啟動間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)少于(yu)15秒。在多次啟動仍不(bu)(bu)著車(che)(che)的(de)情況下應從電路(lu)、點火(huo)線(xian)圈(quan)或油路(lu)等其他方面找原因。

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1、脈沖(chong)修(xiu)復法(fa)

蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)消除硫化比較好的(de)(de)方法(fa)就(jiu)是(shi)采用脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)修復(fu)法(fa)。在修復(fu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時(shi)(shi)，脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)瞬間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一(yi)般(ban)根據產品(pin)所體(ti)現的(de)(de)功能需要，采取的(de)(de)瞬間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為60V—300V之間(jian)，如(ru)用于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)延壽的(de)(de)產品(pin)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)就(jiu)不益過大(da)，專門(men)由于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復(fu)產品(pin)的(de)(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)就(jiu)可以偏(pian)大(da)（如(ru)果(guo)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)太大(da)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板(ban)會造成損傷(shang)），脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復(fu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)短，脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復(fu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)相對(dui)就(jiu)長，盡管脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)瞬間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓很高，但平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓并不高，對(dui)人體(ti)沒有傷(shang)害，十(shi)分安(an)全。

市場上有(you)專門的脈(mo)沖發生器銷售，但要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意選擇效(xiao)果好的一種。脈(mo)沖與(yu)蓄電池(chi)極板的諧振很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)，這(zhe)就(jiu)取決與(yu)脈(mo)沖頻(pin)率大(da)小(xiao)、幅度寬窄(zhai)，脈(mo)沖頻(pin)率和(he)幅度不夠就(jiu)達(da)不到消除(chu)硫(liu)酸結晶的效(xiao)果，頻(pin)率和(he)幅度太大(da)則(ze)會(hui)出現(xian)消除(chu)了(le)硫(liu)化而(er)損傷了(le)電極板，并出現(xian)析氣現(xian)象；同時，脈(mo)沖波形也(ye)有(you)很多種，在示(shi)(shi)波器上可以顯示(shi)(shi)。

2、強電(dian)修復法

強電(dian)(dian)(dian)修復(fu)法(fa)就是(shi)采(cai)取(qu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的持久高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)(huo)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流修復(fu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，多(duo)在(zai)脈(mo)沖修復(fu)法(fa)效果不明顯時采(cai)用(yong)。其一、高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓修復(fu)法(fa)：這種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)主要是(shi)采(cai)取(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的1.3-1.5倍的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓修復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，如36V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不變或(huo)(huo)接近的條件下，采(cai)用(yong)48V的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)要掌握分寸，不易(yi)過長，否(fou)則電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會因析氣(qi)發熱。

3、全(quan)充全(quan)放電修(xiu)復法

全(quan)(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)(quan)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)法(fa)就是(shi)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)采取(qu)完(wan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)充滿電(dian)后，再完(wan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)方法(fa)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)(quan)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)法(fa)主要是(shi)對(dui)輕度損傷的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)具有(you)一定的(de)修(xiu)復(fu)作用，同(tong)時此(ci)方法(fa)還(huan)可以(yi)有(you)效的(de)激活(huo)電(dian)瓶深(shen)層的(de)活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)，提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)。

4、補(bu)水修復法(fa)

對(dui)蓄電(dian)池“失(shi)水(shui)(shui)”采取(qu)補水(shui)(shui)的(de)方法便可修復，其目的(de)是稀釋濃(nong)度提高(gao)的(de)硫(liu)酸正常(chang)進行電(dian)解反應。補水(shui)(shui)方法上(shang)較(jiao)為(wei)簡單，只(zhi)用打開蓄電(dian)池上(shang)蓋(gai)，可以看見有六個(ge)圓孔(kong)，向每個(ge)圓孔(kong)注射(she)一(yi)定量的(de)蒸餾水(shui)(shui)，再浸泡24小(xiao)時以上(shang)就可以了(le)。

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