電動(dong)車(che)電池(chi)(chi)是(shi)電動(dong)車(che)上的動(dong)力來(lai)源,能夠被電動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的電池(chi)(chi)有閥控鉛(qian)酸免(mian)維護蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)、膠體鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)、鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)和(he)鋰離子電池(chi)(chi)。鋰電池(chi)(chi)和(he)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)是(shi)最常用(yong)(yong)的電動(dong)車(che)電池(chi)(chi),那么,鋰電池(chi)(chi)和(he)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的區別是(shi)什么?鋰電池(chi)(chi)的質量比、體積(ji)比、能量比都高于(yu)鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)(chi)大概約40%。接下來(lai)就一起來(lai)了解(jie)一下電動(dong)車(che)鋰電池(chi)(chi)和(he)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)吧。
鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)池的電(dian)極(ji)(ji)主要由鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)及其(qi)氧化(hua)物制成(cheng),電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)是硫酸溶液(ye)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)池荷電(dian)狀態下,正極(ji)(ji)主要成(cheng)分為(wei)二氧化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),負極(ji)(ji)主要成(cheng)分為(wei)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian);放(fang)電(dian)狀態下,正負極(ji)(ji)的主要成(cheng)分均為(wei)硫酸鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。
1、安全(quan)對比(bi)
動力(li)型鋰(li)(li)電池(錳酸(suan)鋰(li)(li)、磷酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)(li))材料不同安全(quan)性有所差別(bie),鉛酸(suan)電池技術已經相當(dang)成熟,安全(quan)性比(bi)鋰(li)(li)電池高(gao)。
2、環保對比
鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)沒(mei)有污(wu)染(ran),而(er)鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)有重金屬鉛(qian)(qian)的污(wu)染(ran)。所以使用鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)動汽(qi)車還是(shi)會(hui)污(wu)染(ran)環(huan)境。
3、價格對(dui)比
市場上相(xiang)同容量的鋰電(dian)池價格(ge)是鉛酸電(dian)池的一(yi)倍多。這就是使(shi)用鋰電(dian)池的電(dian)動汽車價格(ge)比(bi)較貴的原因。
4、能(neng)量對(dui)比
鋰電(dian)(dian)池的質(zhi)量比、體(ti)積比、能量比都高(gao)于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池大(da)概約40%。
5、自放電率對(dui)比
鋰電(dian)(dian)池月自放電(dian)(dian)小于3%,而(er)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池15~30%,差別較大。
6、使用壽(shou)命(ming)對比
目前通用的(de)磷酸鐵鋰充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)1500次,沒(mei)有記憶(yi)效應(ying),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)1500次后約85%的(de)存(cun)儲能(neng)(neng)力,而鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池為500次左右,存(cun)儲能(neng)(neng)力也會(hui)大幅下降,而且記憶(yi)效應(ying)很明顯。所(suo)以使用鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用壽(shou)命(ming)會(hui)更(geng)長。
7、電壓平臺(tai)對比(bi)
鋰(li)電池電壓平臺都大(da)于(yu)3V,鉛酸電池是2V。
8、放電特性對比
簡單的(de)說(shuo)同樣(yang)容量的(de)電(dian)(dian)池,大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)情況下(xia),鋰電(dian)(dian)池要比鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池多放(fang)出來約(yue)30%的(de)電(dian)(dian)。
9、耐用性方(fang)面
鋰電(dian)池耐(nai)(nai)用性(xing)較(jiao)強,耐(nai)(nai)震(zhen)動性(xing)好,完全充(chong)電(dian)狀態的電(dian)池安全固定(ding),消耗(hao)慢,充(chong)放(fang)超過500次(ci),并且無記憶(yi),一般壽(shou)命(ming)在(zai)4—5年。鉛酸電(dian)池一般在(zai)深(shen)充(chong)深(shen)放(fang)電(dian)400次(ci)以內,有(you)記憶(yi),壽(shou)命(ming)在(zai)兩年左右。如果使(shi)用的是(shi)免維護鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池,需要注意的是(shi)其電(dian)池失水量少,使(shi)用中一般不需添加蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水。
鉛酸電池優缺點
性價比高一般(ban)認為電動車(che)用鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電池比(bi)鋰電池要好,主要是(shi)(shi)因為鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電池更安全,價格相對便(bian)宜,大眾更容(rong)易接受,最重要的是(shi)(shi)鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電池回收價格比(bi)鋰電池更高。
高倍率放(fang)電(dian)性(xing)能(neng)更好一般來說,一組鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池只要幾百(bai)塊,一組鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池,隨隨便便的就(jiu)要一千多(duo)近兩(liang)千塊。鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)載能(neng)力(li)和抗沖(chong)擊能(neng)力(li)強,電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)行駛中(zhong)的阻力(li),隨時變換,甚至突(tu)然(ran)被停止,這(zhe)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)變化(hua)很大的,在打火那幾秒鐘(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達兩(liang)三(san)百(bai)安(an)培(pei),鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池能(neng)安(an)然(ran)無恙,而鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池則是難望其(qi)項背(bei)。
鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)也有缺點比如(ru)重金屬容易造成環境污(wu)染;與(yu)鋰電池(chi)相比,鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)能(neng)量密度更低(di);而且其使用壽命不及鋰電池(chi)。
鋰電池優缺點
能效(xiao)高鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)無論是體(ti)積比(bi)能量,還是重量比(bi)能量,鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)均比(bi)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)高出(chu)3倍以上(shang)。鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)體(ti)積更(geng)小、重量更(geng)輕、循(xun)環壽命長。
輕便環保鋰(li)電池相對(dui)輕巧(qiao),攜帶(dai)方便,而壽(shou)命相對(dui)要長很(hen)多。此外,鋰(li)電池的高(gao)低(di)溫(wen)適應性更(geng)強,受溫(wen)度影(ying)響因素(su)較小,且更(geng)加綠色環保。
鋰電池也有三個缺點其(qi)安全穩定(ding)性相對而言比較差,要是(shi)操作不當(dang),很(hen)容易發生爆炸(zha)的風險。另外,鋰電池不能大電流放電且(qie)生產(chan)要求(qiu)條(tiao)件高(gao),成本(ben)更(geng)高(gao)。
小結
以目(mu)前(qian)而(er)言,鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)市場普及率低(di)于(yu)鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)車(che),其主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素是(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)不完善,鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)成本仍相(xiang)對偏高。因此(ci)在現有“鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)”產(chan)品設計中,多采用減少鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量配(pei)置,來相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)降低(di)整車(che)實施(shi)成本,而(er)這(zhe)(zhe)使得(de)現有“鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)”產(chan)品之車(che)型過于(yu)單(dan)一(yi)化。比(bi)如,目(mu)前(qian)市面(mian)上鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)品多為“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)車(che)”而(er)且續程不是(shi)(shi)(shi)很遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)型,但是(shi)(shi)(shi)像四輪電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che),四輪老(lao)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動代步車(che)這(zhe)(zhe)些比(bi)較遠續程的(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)目(mu)前(qian)情況還是(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)較適(shi)合“鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)”。總之鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)哪(na)個好,不能單(dan)純(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量好壞而(er)論,二者(zhe)各具(ju)優劣,適(shi)應(ying)(ying)于(yu)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求人群,消費(fei)者(zhe)應(ying)(ying)根據自己需求選擇。
鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)和鋰電(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)器通用嗎(ma)?
不能通用。首先鋰電池與鉛酸電池的電壓等級是不匹配的,而且而鋰電池種類多樣、電池性能及電池保護板參數也各不相同、其對應的充電器也不同,因此鋰電池并不像鉛酸電池一樣,有通用型的電池充電器,更加不能和鉛酸蓄電池共通使用了。建議大家為了保護鋰電池,還需使用專用充電器。【查看更多>>】
電(dian)動車蓄(xu)電(dian)池為什么(me)容易壞?
“過(guo)充(chong)”導(dao)致蓄(xu)電池壞損(sun):“過(guo)充”就是過(guo)量給電動代(dai)步車的蓄(xu)電瓶(ping)充電而產生對蓄(xu)電瓶(ping)化學和物理性能的破壞。
“虧電”導致(zhi)電瓶(ping)壞損:“虧電”是電瓶電量不足(zu)、電壓偏低時(shi)強(qiang)行過量放(fang)電導致破壞蓄電瓶極板涂層。
過載產生的大電(dian)流放電(dian)使電(dian)瓶壞(huai)損:過(guo)載就是電(dian)(dian)動車(che)行(xing)駛中負(fu)載超重,如過(guo)量的載貨、載人等,還有路況不好使電(dian)(dian)動車(che)頻(pin)繁的剎車(che)和(he)啟動,造成(cheng)大電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian),損傷電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)。
極板硫化導致電瓶(ping)壞損:大電流損傷電瓶極板是電動車電池容量減少癥結,就也是使用快充或者超大電流給電動車充電后會讓電動車極易產生樣板硫化、從而導致蓄電池容量變小,電瓶易壞。【查看更多>>】
鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車怎么樣呢?鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車是指(zhi)搭(da)載鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)池的電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車,鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)池具(ju)有重量輕、儲(chu)能...
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車的(de)主要動(dong)(dong)力來源,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)質量的(de)好壞(huai)會(hui)直接影響電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車續航的(de)里程和(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽命。現在市場...
電(dian)(dian)動車電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是電(dian)(dian)動車上(shang)的動力(li)來源(yuan),能夠(gou)被電(dian)(dian)動自行車使用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有閥控(kong)鉛(qian)酸(suan)免(mian)維護蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、膠(jiao)體鉛(qian)酸(suan)...
電(dian)動(dong)車(che)方便又(you)環保,便宜又(you)實(shi)惠,是(shi)(shi)很多人選擇的(de)交通工具之(zhi)一(yi)。支(zhi)持電(dian)動(dong)車(che)最重要的(de)配件就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)動(dong)車(che)...
電動汽車(che)電池主要包括鉛酸蓄(xu)電池、磷酸鐵鋰(li)電池、鋰(li)電池、鈉硫電池、鎳鎘(ge)電池等多(duo)種傳統蓄(xu)電池,...
與其他交通(tong)工具(ju)相比,電動車有(you)著太多(duo)的優勢,比自行車快、舒(shu)服,比汽(qi)車省錢,而且省事,效率高,...