電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車上的動(dong)力來(lai)(lai)源,能夠被電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車使(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)有閥(fa)控鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)免(mian)維護(hu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、膠體(ti)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳氫蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)最常用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),那么(me),鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的區別是(shi)什么(me)?鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的質量比(bi)、體(ti)積比(bi)、能量比(bi)都高(gao)于鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)大(da)概約40%。接下(xia)來(lai)(lai)就一起來(lai)(lai)了解一下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)吧。
鉛(qian)酸(suan)電池的(de)電極(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)由鉛(qian)及其氧(yang)化物(wu)制成,電解液是硫酸(suan)溶液。鉛(qian)酸(suan)電池荷(he)電狀(zhuang)態(tai)下,正極(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)成分(fen)為二(er)氧(yang)化鉛(qian),負極(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)成分(fen)為鉛(qian);放(fang)電狀(zhuang)態(tai)下,正負極(ji)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)成分(fen)均為硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)。
1、安全對比
動(dong)力(li)型鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(錳酸(suan)鋰、磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰)材料(liao)不同(tong)安全(quan)性有所差別,鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)技(ji)術已經相當成(cheng)熟,安全(quan)性比鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)高。
2、環保對(dui)比(bi)
鋰電(dian)池沒有污(wu)(wu)染,而鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池有重金屬鉛的污(wu)(wu)染。所以(yi)使用鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池的電(dian)動(dong)汽車還是(shi)會污(wu)(wu)染環境。
3、價格(ge)對比
市場上(shang)相同容量(liang)的(de)(de)鋰電池價格是鉛(qian)酸電池的(de)(de)一倍多。這(zhe)就(jiu)是使用鋰電池的(de)(de)電動汽車價格比較貴的(de)(de)原因。
4、能(neng)量對比(bi)
鋰電(dian)池的(de)質量比、體積(ji)比、能量比都(dou)高于鉛酸電(dian)池大概約40%。
5、自放(fang)電率(lv)對比
鋰電(dian)池月自放電(dian)小于3%,而鉛酸電(dian)池15~30%,差別較大。
6、使用壽(shou)命(ming)對比
目前通(tong)用(yong)的(de)磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)充電(dian)1500次,沒有記憶效(xiao)應,充電(dian)1500次后約85%的(de)存儲能(neng)力,而鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)為500次左右,存儲能(neng)力也會(hui)大幅下降(jiang),而且(qie)記憶效(xiao)應很(hen)明顯。所以使用(yong)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)動汽車(che)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)壽命會(hui)更(geng)長。
7、電壓(ya)平臺對比
鋰電池(chi)(chi)電壓平臺都大(da)于3V,鉛酸電池(chi)(chi)是2V。
8、放電(dian)特性對比
簡單的(de)(de)(de)說同(tong)樣容量的(de)(de)(de)電池,大電流放電的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,鋰電池要比鉛酸電池多放出來約30%的(de)(de)(de)電。
9、耐(nai)用性方面
鋰電(dian)池耐用(yong)性較強,耐震(zhen)動性好,完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)電(dian)狀態的(de)(de)電(dian)池安全固定(ding),消耗(hao)慢(man),充(chong)(chong)放超過500次,并且無記(ji)憶(yi),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)壽(shou)命(ming)在4—5年(nian)。鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在深充(chong)(chong)深放電(dian)400次以內,有記(ji)憶(yi),壽(shou)命(ming)在兩(liang)年(nian)左(zuo)右。如果使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)是免維(wei)護鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池,需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)是其電(dian)池失水(shui)量少,使(shi)用(yong)中一(yi)般(ban)(ban)不需(xu)添加蒸餾水(shui)。
鉛酸電池優缺點
性價比高一般認為電動車用鉛酸電池比(bi)鋰電池要好,主(zhu)要是因為鉛酸電池更安全,價(jia)格(ge)相對便宜(yi),大眾更容(rong)易(yi)接受,最重要的(de)是鉛酸電池回收價(jia)格(ge)比(bi)鋰電池更高。
高倍率放電性(xing)能(neng)更(geng)好一(yi)般來說,一(yi)組鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)只要(yao)(yao)幾百(bai)塊,一(yi)組鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),隨隨便便的(de)就要(yao)(yao)一(yi)千(qian)多近兩千(qian)塊。鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過載能(neng)力(li)和抗沖擊能(neng)力(li)強(qiang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車行駛中的(de)阻力(li),隨時變換,甚至突然被停(ting)止(zhi),這時電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流變化很(hen)大的(de),在打火那幾秒鐘(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)流達兩三(san)百(bai)安培,鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)能(neng)安然無恙,而鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)則是難望(wang)其項背。
鉛酸(suan)電池也(ye)有(you)缺點比如重金屬容易造成(cheng)環境污(wu)染;與鋰電池相比,鉛酸電池能量密度更(geng)低(di);而且其使用壽(shou)命不及鋰電池。
鋰電池優缺點
能效高鋰(li)電池無(wu)論是(shi)體積(ji)比能量,還是(shi)重量比能量,鋰(li)電池均比鉛(qian)酸蓄電池高(gao)出3倍以上。鋰(li)電池體積(ji)更小、重量更輕、循環壽命長。
輕便環保鋰電池相(xiang)對輕巧,攜帶方便(bian),而(er)壽(shou)命相(xiang)對要長很多。此外,鋰電池的高(gao)低溫適應性更強,受溫度影響因素較小,且更加綠色環保(bao)。
鋰電(dian)池(chi)也有三個缺點(dian)其安全穩定性(xing)相對而言比較差,要是(shi)操作不當,很容(rong)易發生爆炸的風險(xian)。另外(wai),鋰電池不能大電流放(fang)電且(qie)生產要求條件高(gao),成(cheng)本(ben)更高(gao)。
小結
以目(mu)前(qian)而言(yan),鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)市場普及率(lv)低(di)于(yu)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)車(che)(che),其主要的(de)因素(su)是技術的(de)不(bu)完善,鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)成本仍相對偏高。因此在現有(you)“鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)”產品設計中(zhong),多(duo)(duo)采(cai)用減(jian)少鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容量(liang)(liang)配置,來相應(ying)降低(di)整車(che)(che)實(shi)施成本,而這使得現有(you)“鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)”產品之車(che)(che)型過(guo)于(yu)單(dan)(dan)一(yi)化(hua)。比如,目(mu)前(qian)市面(mian)上鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產品多(duo)(duo)為“電(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)(dan)車(che)(che)”而且(qie)續程不(bu)是很(hen)遠的(de)車(che)(che)型,但是像四輪電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che),四輪老人電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)代(dai)步車(che)(che)這些(xie)比較(jiao)遠續程的(de)就目(mu)前(qian)情況還是比較(jiao)適合“鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)”。總之鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)哪個(ge)好,不(bu)能單(dan)(dan)純的(de)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)質量(liang)(liang)好壞(huai)而論,二者各具優(you)劣(lie),適應(ying)于(yu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)人群,消費者應(ying)根據自(zi)己需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)選擇。
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