芡實和蓮子(zi)之間有什么異同?
蓮子:是睡蓮科(ke)多年(nian)生(sheng)水(shui)生(sheng)植物蓮的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)種(zhong)子,主(zhu)產于(yu)湖南(nan)、福建、江蘇等地,以秋季采收的(de)(de)種(zhong)子入藥(yao),生(sheng)用。芡實(shi)為睡蓮科(ke)一年(nian)生(sheng)水(shui)生(sheng)草(cao)本植物芡的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)種(zhong)仁,主(zhu)產于(yu)山東、安徽、江蘇等地,以秋末冬初采收的(de)(de)種(zhong)仁入藥(yao),生(sheng)用或炒用。
芡實(shi):一年生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)型(xing)水生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本。沉水葉(xie)箭形(xing)或(huo)橢圓(yuan)腎形(xing),兩(liang)面(mian)無(wu)刺(ci)(ci)(ci);葉(xie)柄無(wu)刺(ci)(ci)(ci);浮水葉(xie)革質(zhi),橢圓(yuan)腎形(xing)至圓(yuan)形(xing),盾(dun)狀(zhuang),有或(huo)無(wu)彎缺,全緣,下面(mian)帶紫色,有短(duan)柔毛,兩(liang)面(mian)在葉(xie)脈分枝處有銳(rui)刺(ci)(ci)(ci);葉(xie)柄及(ji)花梗(geng)粗壯,花長(chang)約5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi);萼片(pian)披針形(xing),內(nei)面(mian)紫色,外面(mian)密生(sheng)(sheng)稍彎硬刺(ci)(ci)(ci);花瓣(ban)矩圓(yuan)披針形(xing)或(huo)披針形(xing),紫紅(hong)色,成數輪排列,向內(nei)漸變成雄蕊;無(wu)花柱(zhu),柱(zhu)頭(tou)紅(hong)色,成凹入(ru)的柱(zhu)頭(tou)盤。漿果(guo)球(qiu)形(xing),直(zhi)(zhi)徑3-5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),污紫紅(hong)色,外面(mian)密生(sheng)(sheng)硬刺(ci)(ci)(ci);種子球(qiu)形(xing),直(zhi)(zhi)徑10余毫米(mi)(mi),黑色。花期7-8月(yue),果(guo)期8-9月(yue)。
相同點(dian):二者味(wei)甘澀(se)而性平(ping),均歸脾(pi)(pi)(pi)腎經,其甘可補脾(pi)(pi)(pi),澀(se)可固(gu)腎,能止瀉、止帶(dai)、固(gu)精(jing)。可治脾(pi)(pi)(pi)虛久瀉、脾(pi)(pi)(pi)腎虧虛之帶(dai)下病、腎虛尿頻、滑精(jing)、遺(yi)精(jing)及小便(bian)不禁(jin)等證。二者還常配伍為(wei)用(yong)以增強療效(xiao)。二者均富含營養(yang)成分,可作食品服(fu)用(yong)。
不(bu)同點(dian):蓮子的(de)補脾(pi)之(zhi)力(li)較芡實(shi)(shi)強,素有(you)“脾(pi)果(guo)”之(zhi)稱。可兼(jian)入心經,能(neng)補益心氣(qi)安(an)神,可治(zhi)心虛(xu)不(bu)寐之(zhi)證,但其性平和(he)。芡實(shi)(shi)的(de)除濕之(zhi)力(li)強于蓮子,斂而(er)不(bu)燥(zao)不(bu)膩不(bu)留邪,治(zhi)療脾(pi)腎(shen)氣(qi)虛(xu),不(bu)能(neng)制水(shui)、泛濫橫(heng)溢(yi)所致水(shui)腫者常用(yong),但作(zuo)用(yong)平和(he)。生芡實(shi)(shi)以補腎(shen)澀精為(wei)主(zhu),而(er)炒(chao)芡實(shi)(shi)以健(jian)脾(pi)開胃(wei)為(wei)主(zhu),亦(yi)有(you)將芡實(shi)(shi)炒(chao)焦(jiao)使用(yong)的(de),主(zhu)要以補脾(pi)止(zhi)瀉(xie)為(wei)主(zhu)。