多年生(sheng)草本,高60~l00cm。莖(jing)(jing)帶紫色(se),光滑,有(you)槽紋。莖(jing)(jing)身葉(xie)及莖(jing)(jing)下部(bu)葉(xie)三角形(xing),2~3回三出式羽(yu)狀全裂(lie)(lie),最終裂(lie)(lie)片長圓形(xing),兩面均被(bei)短柔毛,邊緣有(you)不整齊重鋸(ju)齒;莖(jing)(jing)上部(bu)葉(xie)簡化(hua)成葉(xie)鞘。復傘形(xing)花(hua)序密被(bei)黃色(se)柔毛;傘幅10~25;小總苞片5~8;花(hua)梗15~30;花(hua)白色(se)。雙懸(xuan)果(guo)長圓形(xing),側棱翅狀。花(hua)期7~9月,果(guo)期9~10月。生(sheng)于山谷溝邊或草叢中;有(you)栽培。
形態特征
多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)高大(da)(da)草本。根類圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),棕褐(he)色長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)15厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑1-2.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)特殊(shu)香氣。莖(jing)高1-2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),粗(cu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),中空,常(chang)帶紫(zi)色,光滑或稍有(you)(you)淺縱(zong)溝紋(wen),上(shang)部有(you)(you)短(duan)(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)二回三出式羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)全(quan)裂,寬卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)20-30 (40) 厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬15-25厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);莖(jing)生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)達30-50厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)部膨大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(chang)5-7厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)管(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、半抱莖(jing)的(de)(de)(de)厚膜(mo)質葉(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘,開展,背面無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)或稍被(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao),末回裂片(pian)膜(mo)質,卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)5.5-18厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3-6.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂(ding)端漸(jian)尖(jian)(jian),基(ji)部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)緣(yuan)有(you)(you)不(bu)整齊的(de)(de)(de)尖(jian)(jian)鋸(ju)齒,或重鋸(ju)齒,齒端有(you)(you)內(nei)曲的(de)(de)(de)短(duan)(duan)(duan)尖(jian)(jian)頭,頂(ding)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)末回裂片(pian)多(duo)3深裂,基(ji)部常(chang)沿葉(xie)(xie)(xie)軸(zhou)下延(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)翅(chi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),側生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)短(duan)(duan)(duan)柄(bing)或無(wu)柄(bing),兩面沿葉(xie)(xie)(xie)脈及邊(bian)緣(yuan)有(you)(you)短(duan)(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)。序托葉(xie)(xie)(xie)簡化成(cheng)(cheng)囊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)膨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘,無(wu)毛(mao)(mao),偶被(bei)(bei)疏短(duan)(duan)(duan)毛(mao)(mao)。復傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)花序頂(ding)生(sheng)和側生(sheng),花序梗長(chang)(chang)5-16 (20) 厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密被(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao)(mao);總苞(bao)片(pian)1,長(chang)(chang)鉆形(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)緣(yuan)毛(mao)(mao),早落(luo);傘輻10-25,長(chang)(chang)1.5-5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密被(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao)(mao);傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)花序有(you)(you)花17-28 (36) 朵;小(xiao)總苞(bao)片(pian)5-10,闊披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),比花柄(bing)短(duan)(duan)(duan),頂(ding)端有(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)尖(jian)(jian),背面及邊(bian)緣(yuan)被(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)毛(mao)(mao)。花白色,無(wu)萼齒,花瓣倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端內(nei)凹,花柱基(ji)扁圓(yuan)盤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。果(guo)實橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)6-8毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3-5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),側翅(chi)與果(guo)體等寬或略狹,背棱(leng)線形(xing)(xing)(xing),隆起,棱(leng)槽間有(you)(you)油管(guan) (1) 2-3,合生(sheng)面有(you)(you)油管(guan)2-4 (6)。花期8-9月,果(guo)期9-10月。
生長環境
平均海(hai)拔1700米的(de)西淌(tang)村,山大人稀、森林植被密集覆蓋、土壤(rang)肥(fei)沃,是獨(du)(du)活的(de)最佳(jia)生(sheng)長地帶(dai)之一,所(suo)產獨(du)(du)活藥效好,市場俏,被譽為巴東(dong)獨(du)(du)活。
藥材性狀
藥材略(lve)呈(cheng)圓柱形(xing),下部(bu)2~3分枝或(huo)更多,長10~30cm。根頭部(bu)膨大,圓錐狀,多橫(heng)皺紋,直徑1.5~3cm,頂端有莖(jing)、葉(xie)的(de)殘(can)基(ji)或(huo)凹陷。表面灰褐色或(huo)棕(zong)(zong)褐色,具縱皺紋,有隆(long)起的(de)橫(heng)長皮(pi)孔及稍突起的(de)細根痕。質較硬,受潮則變軟(ruan),斷面皮(pi)部(bu)灰白(bai)色,有多數散在的(de)棕(zong)(zong)色油室,木部(bu)灰黃色至(zhi)黃棕(zong)(zong)色,形(xing)成(cheng)層環棕(zong)(zong)色。有特異香(xiang)氣,味苦、辛(xin),微麻(ma)舌(she)。
地理標志
巴(ba)(ba)東(dong)獨(du)活地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)產品保護范(fan)圍為湖北(bei)省(sheng)巴(ba)(ba)東(dong)縣(xian)溪丘灣鄉、沿(yan)渡河鎮、茶店子鎮、綠蔥(cong)坡鎮、大支坪(ping)鎮、野三關鎮、清太平鎮、水布埡鎮、金果(guo)坪(ping)鄉等9個鄉鎮現轄(xia)行政(zheng)區域。巴(ba)(ba)東(dong)獨(du)活地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)產品保護范(fan)圍內的生產者,可向湖北(bei)省(sheng)巴(ba)(ba)東(dong)縣(xian)質量技(ji)術(shu)監督(du)局提出(chu)使用(yong)"地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)產品專(zhuan)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)"的申請(qing),經湖北(bei)省(sheng)質量技(ji)術(shu)監督(du)局審核(he),由國(guo)家質檢總局公告批準(zhun)。巴(ba)(ba)東(dong)獨(du)活的法定檢測機構(gou)由湖北(bei)省(sheng)質量技(ji)術(shu)監督(du)局負(fu)責(ze)指(zhi)定。