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產品介紹

茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位于四(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)省阿壩(ba)(ba)藏族(zu)羌(qiang)(qiang)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)州東南(nan)部，是我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)羌(qiang)(qiang)民(min)族(zu)聚居地(di)(di)(di)，占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)羌(qiang)(qiang)族(zu)總人口的(de)(de)(de)(de)30.5%。據《舊(jiu)唐書》、《茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)州志(zhi)》記載：茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)州“以(yi)郡(jun)界茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)濕山為(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)”，唐代(dai)(dai)至(zhi)民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)初(chu)期(qi)均(jun)用此名(ming)(ming)。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，汶(wen)川(chuan)、理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)3縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)并(bing)置茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)汶(wen)羌(qiang)(qiang)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)撤自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)汶(wen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)仍置茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。因此，茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)區出(chu)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)直被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)“茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)汶(wen)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”。 茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)汶(wen)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)植(zhi)歷史悠久，清朝末(mo)期(qi)，蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)由英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)傳教士引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)并(bing)少量(liang)栽培。據《阿壩(ba)(ba)州志(zhi)》、《茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)汶(wen)羌(qiang)(qiang)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》記載，民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)25、28、35年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)陳氏父子先(xian)后(hou)從(cong)四(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)改進(jin)(jin)所引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)苗百余(yu)株在(zai)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)栽培獲(huo)得(de)成功，引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)主(zhu)要是金(jin)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)星，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)等。建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)初(chu)期(qi)，川(chuan)西農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳及(ji)四(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)大(da)學園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)系(xi)師(shi)生(sheng)來到(dao)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)行綜合(he)考察，得(de)出(chu)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)自然地(di)(di)(di)理條件適宜蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)結論。上世(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)砧(zhen)木(mu)苗木(mu)和品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)50余(yu)個，逐漸發(fa)展成為(wei)(wei)西南(nan)地(di)(di)(di)區蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)資源最豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區。 隨著蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)迅(xun)速發(fa)展，50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)至(zhi)60年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)先(xian)后(hou)建(jian)成國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)鳳(feng)儀、鳳(feng)毛坪、大(da)河壩(ba)(ba)園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)場(chang)，1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)建(jian)立(li)21個鄉園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)場(chang)，蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹達50萬(wan)株，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)達700萬(wan)斤左右(you)。“金(jin)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)星，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)在(zai)1963、1964、1975、1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)(si)(si)(si)次(ci)被(bei)評為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)第一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)，三次(ci)被(bei)評為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)優(you)秀水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)稱號；1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)星，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)運往香港市場(chang)譽勝美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“蛇(she)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”；1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家農(nong)(nong)牧漁業(ye)(ye)部、外貿部、供銷合(he)作(zuo)總社在(zai)京召開(kai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鑒(jian)定(ding)會(hui)，“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)”“金(jin)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)被(bei)評為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之冠(guan)(guan)(guan)。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)初(chu)，茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府提(ti)(ti)出(chu)把發(fa)展蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)搞活農(nong)(nong)村經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶頭產(chan)業(ye)(ye)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)被(bei)確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家優(you)秀蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)基地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家農(nong)(nong)牧漁業(ye)(ye)部、省農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳、州農(nong)(nong)牧局投資120萬(wan)元，在(zai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城建(jian)500噸儲(chu)藏冷庫(ku)。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)儲(chu)藏保鮮(xian)量(liang)突破100萬(wan)斤。 從(cong)90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)期(qi)開(kai)始，茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)汶(wen)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)通(tong)過(guo)改造低產(chan)園(yuan)、人工授粉、套(tao)袋技術、高接換代(dai)(dai)、地(di)(di)(di)膜覆蓋等新(xin)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)均(jun)有不同(tong)程度(du)更新(xin)，產(chan)量(liang)穩定(ding)增長，質量(liang)明(ming)顯提(ti)(ti)高。目(mu)前，茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)汶(wen)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)植(zhi)面積突破25000畝，產(chan)量(liang)達50000噸，已成為(wei)(wei)促進(jin)(jin)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)民(min)增收的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要產(chan)業(ye)(ye)之一(yi)(yi)。“十(shi)二五”農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)和農(nong)(nong)村經濟發(fa)展規劃(hua)提(ti)(ti)綱中(zhong)(zhong)計劃(hua)提(ti)(ti)升改造果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)35000萬(wan)畝，通(tong)過(guo)項目(mu)建(jian)設(she)，調整果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)和熟(shu)期(qi)結構，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內名(ming)(ming)優(you)新(xin)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)比例達到(dao)60%以(yi)上，優(you)質商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率達到(dao)70%以(yi)上。

自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文歷史(shi)因素

茂汶(wen)(wen)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)產(chan)區(qu)地(di)貌以高山峽(xia)谷為主(zhu)，境內高山聳立，河流深切，地(di)勢(shi)西北(bei)高、東(dong)南低(di)，東(dong)部土(tu)門地(di)區(qu)山勢(shi)、谷坡較(jiao)為低(di)緩。山峰多(duo)在海拔4000m左右，相(xiang)對高度1500-2500m，最(zui)高海拔5230m，最(zui)低(di)海拔890m。產(chan)區(qu)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)構造復雜，巖(yan)(yan)層有(you)(you)夾沙灰、黑色頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)、砂板(ban)巖(yan)(yan)、火成巖(yan)(yan)等，土(tu)壤以暗棕(zong)壤、褐土(tu)、棕(zong)壤為主(zhu)，pH值6.0-8.0，有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含量高，適合蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)種植(zhi)。茂汶(wen)(wen)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)產(chan)區(qu)屬北(bei)亞(ya)熱帶氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)，立體(ti)垂直氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)特征明(ming)顯(xian)，表現為干燥多(duo)風(feng)(feng)，冬冷夏涼、晝夜(ye)溫差(cha)大(da)、地(di)區(qu)差(cha)異大(da)。產(chan)區(qu)年(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫11.2℃，最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫-11.6℃，最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫32℃，年(nian)平(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)數(shu)1557小時(shi)，年(nian)降水量490毫(hao)米(mi)，平(ping)均蒸發量1375毫(hao)米(mi)，無霜(shuang)期215天。冬長無夏、春(chun)秋(qiu)季(ji)相(xiang)連(lian)，春(chun)季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫回升快，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫年(nian)較(jiao)差(cha)小，日(ri)較(jiao)差(cha)大(da)，空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量好，無工業污(wu)染，有(you)(you)利于蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)開花結(jie)實和光合產(chan)物積累(lei)。得天獨厚(hou)的(de)生態環境造就(jiu)了(le)茂汶(wen)(wen)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)肉質(zhi)(zhi)脆(cui)嫩(nen)、細(xi)膩化渣、風(feng)(feng)味濃郁的(de)特點。

地域范圍

茂(mao)汶(wen)蘋果產(chan)于四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省阿(a)壩藏族(zu)(zu)羌族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治州茂(mao)縣(xian)，農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范圍包括茂(mao)縣(xian)境內(nei)南(nan)新鎮、鳳儀鎮、溝口鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、胃門鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、永(yong)和鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、回龍鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、飛紅鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、黑虎(hu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三龍鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、曲(qu)谷鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、雅都鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、太平鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、疊溪鎮、石大關鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、松坪溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、洼底(di)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、白溪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、土門鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、東興鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等21個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（鎮）。地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經102°56ˊ-104°10ˊ，北緯31°24-32°17之間(jian)，茂(mao)縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省西(xi)(xi)北部，阿(a)壩藏族(zu)(zu)羌族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治州東南(nan)部，東與(yu)北川(chuan)(chuan)、安(an)縣(xian)、綿(mian)竹三縣(xian)毗連，南(nan)接什邡、彭縣(xian)、汶(wen)川(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)，西(xi)(xi)與(yu)理(li)縣(xian)、黒(hei)水接壤，北臨松潘縣(xian)境。保護(hu)面積96000畝，年產(chan)量(liang)19.2萬噸。

品質特性特征

（1）外(wai)在感(gan)官特(te)征：茂汶蘋(pin)果果實中大(da)，短(duan)圓柱形，果面底色(se)黃色(se)，著(zhu)片(pian)狀或條狀粉(fen)紅暈，果點小而稀(xi)。果頂萼洼(wa)窄，較深、有(you)淺的棱狀突起，萼片(pian)宿存(cun)，果柄細。果心較大(da)、種子(zi)小、五心室，每室著(zhu)生1-2粒種子(zi)。果肉黃白色(se)，質(zhi)地脆、味濃(nong)，純甜、有(you)香味，汁液中等(deng)。?

（2）內在(zai)品質指標：茂汶蘋果可(ke)食(shi)率≥80%，可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物≥11%，含有豐富的(de)維生素C，硬度大(da)、耐(nai)貯藏。