產品介紹
茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)落(luo)葉水(shui)(shui)果(guo)之(zhi)鄉,擁有(you)(you)3萬畝(mu)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣脆李(li)(li)(li)、青脆李(li)(li)(li)、脆紅(hong)李(li)(li)(li),是(shi)國(guo)(guo)家A級(ji)綠色(se)食品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di),并向(xiang)周邊輻射達五萬余畝(mu),形成(cheng)(cheng)頗具規模和特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)示范園(yuan)(yuan)。 茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣千年(nian)李(li)(li)(li)鄉、萬畝(mu)李(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan),凝四時精氣(qi),匯天地(di)(di)(di)人(ren)和,聚(ju)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)之(zhi)美,備休閑之(zhi)樂。春賞(shang)李(li)(li)(li)花(hua)香(xiang)(xiang)雪海,九鼎金秋碩果(guo)彤,衣袖(xiu)猶藏茂(mao)(mao)(mao)州風,游伴爭(zheng)食李(li)(li)(li)青紅(hong)。 據《華(hua)陽(yang)國(guo)(guo)志》:“古(gu)汶(wen)山(shan)(shan)郡(今(jin)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣)崇伯鯀子娶有(you)(you)莘氏女治水(shui)(shui)……汶(wen)山(shan)(shan)郡的(de)(de)(de)涂禹山(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)禹。禹治水(shui)(shui)后,滄海變良田。昔有(you)(you)蜀山(shan)(shan)部(bu)族(zu)(zu)開拓桑麻(ma)桃李(li)(li)(li)。”可(ke)見李(li)(li)(li)子在(zai)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣栽植(zhi)已有(you)(you)幾千年(nian)歷史。 公元前(qian)三千四百(bai)六十年(nian)八月(yue)初三,爾(er)(er)瑪(羌(qiang)族(zu)(zu))蠶叢(cong)氏長子雅(ya)魯接任酋長后率(lv)部(bu)族(zu)(zu)依(yi)勢(shi)疏導山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui),使(shi)沼(zhao)澤(ze)變牧場,牛、羊、馬,山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)繁衍、臺地(di)(di)(di)播(bo)種爾(er)(er)咪(mi)(桃)撤(che)依(yi)咪(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)),五谷;五谷豐登。雅(ya)魯在(zai)汶(wen)山(shan)(shan)源出流經(jing)岷之(zhi)小盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)依(yi)山(shan)(shan)傍水(shui)(shui)建(jian)城(cheng)堡,四周廣(guang)植(zhi)爾(er)(er)咪(mi)(桃)撤(che)依(yi)咪(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)),因其(qi)(qi)周身(shen)是(shi)寶,將撤(che)依(yi)咪(mi)(李(li)(li)(li))種于巷(xiang)陌。茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念他(ta)們為(wei)(wei)(wei)李(li)(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)做出的(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)貢獻,將兩片樹(shu)齡70年(nian)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)老李(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)別取名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“禹公李(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)”和“雅(ya)魯李(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)”。 爾(er)(er)瑪(羌(qiang)族(zu)(zu))視李(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)禮,在(zai)婚喪、服飾、咂酒和冠禮中用李(li)(li)(li)敬山(shan)(shan)神(shen)、天神(shen),求得祝福和保佑。民(min)國(guo)(guo)24年(nian),楊家閣為(wei)(wei)(wei)幫(bang)紅(hong)四方(fang)面軍(jun)(jun)(jun)籌集軍(jun)(jun)(jun)糧,發動貧(pin)苦人(ren)民(min)上(shang)山(shan)(shan)采(cai)摘李(li)(li)(li)果(guo)千余擔(dan)充(chong)饑、入(ru)藥(yao),同年(nian)7月(yue),楊家閣壯(zhuang)烈犧牲。當地(di)(di)(di)百(bai)姓為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念他(ta)栽植(zhi)李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)百(bai)余株(zhu),成(cheng)(cheng)活至(zhi)今(jin)有(you)(you)30余株(zhu),取名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“家閣李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)”,距今(jin)70余年(nian)。1935年(nian),紅(hong)四方(fang)面軍(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣群眾為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)籌集軍(jun)(jun)(jun)糧并采(cai)李(li)(li)(li)果(guo)充(chong)饑,果(guo)核(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)藥(yao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)感(gan)謝(xie)羌(qiang)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)民(min),北上(shang)前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)當地(di)(di)(di)栽植(zhi)李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)五十余株(zhu),成(cheng)(cheng)活至(zhi)今(jin)有(you)(you)十余株(zhu),羌(qiang)人(ren)現(xian)取名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)”,距今(jin)70余年(nian)。 目前(qian)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣境內仍有(you)(you)百(bai)年(nian)李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)5000余株(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)長開花(hua)結果(guo),其(qi)(qi)頑強的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)力如《爾(er)(er)雅(ya)》云:“五沃之(zhi)土,其(qi)(qi)木宜梅(mei)李(li)(li)(li)。”令人(ren)驚嘆。 這里盛產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)李(li)(li)(li)子果(guo)面亮(liang)麗、光滑有(you)(you)光澤(ze)、果(guo)粉厚,質地(di)(di)(di)爽口脆嫩(nen)、香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)濃郁,可(ke)溶性(xing)固形物高,果(guo)核(he)離核(he),可(ke)食率(lv)高達97%以上(shang),品質上(shang)等,耐貯運(yun),深受廣(guang)大(da)(da)消(xiao)費(fei)者喜愛,售價達7-10元/kg,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品遠銷新加坡、日本、韓國(guo)(guo)、香(xiang)(xiang)港(gang)、深圳、重(zhong)慶(qing)、云南、貴州、西安(an)等地(di)(di)(di),產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi),名(ming)聲遠揚。
自然(ran)生態環境和(he)人(ren)文歷史因素
茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)李產區地(di)(di)(di)處四(si)(si)川省茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)南北部,地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、東(dong)南低,形(xing)(xing)態以(yi)中山(shan)深(shen)切割為(wei)特(te)點(dian),屬(shu)四(si)(si)川盆地(di)(di)(di)西(xi)(xi)(xi)緣山(shan)地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)貌以(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)峽谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)帶為(wei)主。土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)2.85%-4.83%,PH值5.75-8.58,全氮含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)0.142%-0.451%、富含(han)(han)(han)磷、鉀,全磷0.104%-0.226%、全鉀2.5%-3.3%、水解氮70.95mg/kg-116.85mg/kg、有(you)效(xiao)磷16.26mg/kg-555.2mg/kg、速效(xiao)鉀79.10mg/kg-135.44mg/kg。土(tu)壤(rang)通透性(xing)(xing)好,灌溉(gai)條(tiao)件和(he)排水性(xing)(xing)好,非常(chang)適(shi)合李子生(sheng)長(chang)發育,是(shi)種植茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)李得天獨(du)(du)厚的(de)(de)自(zi)然條(tiao)件。 茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原型季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),受西(xi)(xi)(xi)風(feng)(feng)環流(liu)南支急流(liu)和(he)印度(du)洋西(xi)(xi)(xi)南風(feng)(feng)及地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌影響,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)時空(kong)變化(hua)大(da),小(xiao)(xiao)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)效(xiao)應突出的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。 產區環境特(te)點(dian)為(wei):冬(dong)長(chang)夏(xia)短(duan)、春(chun)秋相(xiang)連,雨(yu)旱分明,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和(he),陽光(guang)充足(zu),河谷(gu)多(duo)風(feng)(feng);有(you)別于四(si)(si)川盆周(zhou)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)及高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原。與(yu)省內其它李產區相(xiang)比具備發展優質(zhi)(zhi)李的(de)(de)獨(du)(du)特(te)環境條(tiao)件:一是(shi)海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)適(shi)宜,在(zai)海(hai)拔(ba)1470米-2300米之間,是(shi)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)李生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)最佳(jia)海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du);二是(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi) 溫(wen)適(shi)宜,該縣(xian)(xian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)11.2℃,最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-11.6℃,7月平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)度(du)20.9℃,最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)32℃;三是(shi)光(guang)照條(tiao)件十(shi)分充沛(pei),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日照時數1557.1小(xiao)(xiao)時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)總輻(fu)射量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)100.90千卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)厘(li)(li)米,光(guang)合有(you)效(xiao)輻(fu)射49.50 千卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)厘(li)(li)米,適(shi)于李子生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)4-9月,有(you)效(xiao)輻(fu)射量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)(ke)達(da)29.90千卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)厘(li)(li)米,約占(zhan)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)60.5%;四(si)(si)是(shi)全縣(xian)(xian)雨(yu)熱(re)同季,溫(wen)差(cha)年(nian)(nian)(nian)較(jiao)差(cha)小(xiao)(xiao)、日較(jiao)差(cha)達(da)10℃以(yi)上,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水偏少,多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均僅490.0mm,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均蒸發量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1375.7mm。 綜(zong)上所述:茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)、礦物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),灌溉(gai)方(fang)(fang)便(bian),冬(dong)長(chang)夏(xia)短(duan)、溫(wen)差(cha)年(nian)(nian)(nian)較(jiao)差(cha)小(xiao)(xiao),日較(jiao)差(cha)大(da),年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)小(xiao)(xiao),日照充足(zu)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原型季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)獨(du)(du)特(te)性(xing)(xing);形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)李果(guo)面亮麗,光(guang)滑有(you)光(guang)澤,果(guo)粉厚,質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)爽(shuang)口脆嫩,香(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)濃郁,可(ke)(ke)溶性(xing)(xing)固形(xing)(xing)物(wu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)14%,果(guo)核(he)離核(he),可(ke)(ke)食率(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)97%以(yi)上,品質(zhi)(zhi)上等(deng),耐(nai)貯運的(de)(de)獨(du)(du)特(te)品質(zhi)(zhi)。
地域范圍
茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)李地(di)理標志(zhi)地(di)域保護(hu)范圍包括(kuo)鳳儀、南新和(he)疊溪(xi)3個鎮和(he)渭門、溝(gou)口(kou)、雅都、曲谷、洼底、白溪(xi)、三龍、回龍、黑虎、飛虹、太平、松坪、石大關13個鄉。地(di)理坐標為:東經102°56′-104°10′,北(bei)緯31°25′-32°16′。茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)位于川西(xi)(xi)北(bei)地(di)區,東與北(bei)川、安縣(xian)、綿竹毗(pi)鄰,南與彭(peng)州(zhou)市、汶川、什邡(fang)接(jie)壤(rang),西(xi)(xi)與理縣(xian)、黑水相鄰,北(bei)與松潘(pan)連接(jie),南北(bei)長94.8公里,東西(xi)(xi)寬116.5公里。保護(hu)面(mian)積2000公頃(qing),年產量8.25萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)獨特感(gan)官(guan)特征(zheng):茂縣李果(guo)(guo)實整齊度(du)好、果(guo)(guo)形端正,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)本品種的固有(you)(you)(you)特征(zheng)果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)色澤(ze),具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)本品種成熟時應有(you)(you)(you)的果(guo)(guo)肉色澤(ze),李果(guo)(guo)面亮麗(li),光滑有(you)(you)(you)光澤(ze),果(guo)(guo)粉(fen)厚,質(zhi)地爽口脆嫩,香氣濃(nong)郁,果(guo)(guo)核離核,品質(zhi)上(shang)等,耐貯運的獨特品質(zhi)。
(2)獨特(te)內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:茂(mao)縣李具有(you)高(gao)糖(tang)低酸的品質(zhi)特(te)點,硬度大(da)于(yu)10.4kg/平方(fang)厘(li)米,可(ke)溶性固形物(wu)大(da)于(yu)12.5%,可(ke)滴定酸小于(yu)1.06%,含糖(tang)量大(da)于(yu)9.8%,可(ke)食率大(da)于(yu)97%。