產品介紹
茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)全國(guo)(guo)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)落葉(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)之鄉,擁有3萬(wan)畝(mu)茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)脆(cui)李(li)(li)(li)、青脆(cui)李(li)(li)(li)、脆(cui)紅(hong)(hong)李(li)(li)(li),是(shi)國(guo)(guo)家A級(ji)綠色食(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地,并向周邊輻射達五萬(wan)余(yu)畝(mu),形成頗具規模和(he)特(te)色的(de)現(xian)代農業生(sheng)態示范園。 茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)鄉、萬(wan)畝(mu)李(li)(li)(li)園,凝四(si)時精(jing)氣,匯天地人(ren)和(he),聚生(sheng)態之美,備休閑之樂。春(chun)賞李(li)(li)(li)花香雪海,九鼎金秋碩果(guo)(guo)(guo)彤,衣(yi)袖猶藏茂(mao)州風,游(you)伴爭食(shi)李(li)(li)(li)青紅(hong)(hong)。 據《華陽國(guo)(guo)志》:“古汶山(shan)郡(今(jin)(jin)(jin)茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian))崇伯鯀子(zi)娶(qu)有莘氏(shi)女治水(shui)(shui)(shui)……汶山(shan)郡的(de)涂禹(yu)山(shan)生(sheng)禹(yu)。禹(yu)治水(shui)(shui)(shui)后,滄海變良田。昔有蜀山(shan)部族開拓桑麻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)李(li)(li)(li)。”可(ke)見李(li)(li)(li)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)栽植已有幾千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史。 公元(yuan)前三千(qian)四(si)百六十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八(ba)月初三,爾(er)瑪(羌(qiang)(qiang)族)蠶叢氏(shi)長(chang)子(zi)雅(ya)(ya)魯接任酋(qiu)長(chang)后率部族依(yi)(yi)勢疏導山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),使沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)變牧(mu)場,牛、羊(yang)、馬(ma),山(shan)地繁衍、臺地播種爾(er)咪(mi)(mi)(桃(tao)(tao)(tao))撤(che)依(yi)(yi)咪(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)),五谷(gu);五谷(gu)豐登。雅(ya)(ya)魯在(zai)(zai)汶山(shan)源出流經岷之小盆(pen)地依(yi)(yi)山(shan)傍(bang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)建(jian)城(cheng)堡(bao),四(si)周廣(guang)植爾(er)咪(mi)(mi)(桃(tao)(tao)(tao))撤(che)依(yi)(yi)咪(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)),因(yin)其(qi)(qi)周身是(shi)寶,將撤(che)依(yi)(yi)咪(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)(li))種于巷陌。茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念他們為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)李(li)(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)業做出的(de)巨大(da)貢獻,將兩片樹(shu)齡(ling)70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以上(shang)的(de)老李(li)(li)(li)園分別取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“禹(yu)公李(li)(li)(li)園”和(he)“雅(ya)(ya)魯李(li)(li)(li)園”。 爾(er)瑪(羌(qiang)(qiang)族)視李(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禮,在(zai)(zai)婚喪、服飾、咂酒和(he)冠禮中用李(li)(li)(li)敬山(shan)神(shen)、天神(shen),求得祝福和(he)保佑。民國(guo)(guo)24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),楊(yang)家閣為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幫紅(hong)(hong)四(si)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)軍(jun)籌(chou)(chou)集(ji)軍(jun)糧,發動貧苦人(ren)民上(shang)山(shan)采摘李(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)千(qian)余(yu)擔充饑、入藥(yao),同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,楊(yang)家閣壯(zhuang)烈犧牲。當(dang)地百姓為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念他栽植李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)百余(yu)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),成活(huo)(huo)至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)有30余(yu)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“家閣李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)”,距今(jin)(jin)(jin)70余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。1935年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),紅(hong)(hong)四(si)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)軍(jun)在(zai)(zai)茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)群眾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)籌(chou)(chou)集(ji)軍(jun)糧并采李(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)充饑,果(guo)(guo)(guo)核為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藥(yao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)感謝羌(qiang)(qiang)族人(ren)民,北上(shang)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)當(dang)地栽植李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)五十(shi)余(yu)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),成活(huo)(huo)至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)有十(shi)余(yu)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),羌(qiang)(qiang)人(ren)現(xian)取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)”,距今(jin)(jin)(jin)70余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。 目(mu)前茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內仍(reng)有百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)5000余(yu)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang)開花結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo),其(qi)(qi)頑(wan)強的(de)生(sheng)命力如《爾(er)雅(ya)(ya)》云:“五沃之土,其(qi)(qi)木宜(yi)梅李(li)(li)(li)。”令人(ren)驚(jing)嘆。 這(zhe)里盛產(chan)(chan)的(de)李(li)(li)(li)子(zi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)亮麗(li)、光(guang)滑(hua)有光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)粉厚,質(zhi)地爽口脆(cui)嫩、香氣濃(nong)郁,可(ke)溶性固(gu)形物高,果(guo)(guo)(guo)核離核,可(ke)食(shi)率高達97%以上(shang),品(pin)質(zhi)上(shang)等(deng),耐貯運,深受廣(guang)大(da)消費者喜愛(ai),售價達7-10元(yuan)/kg,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)遠(yuan)銷(xiao)新加坡(po)、日本、韓國(guo)(guo)、香港、深圳、重慶、云南(nan)、貴州、西(xi)安等(deng)地,產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了巨大(da)的(de)經濟效益,名(ming)聲遠(yuan)揚(yang)。
自然生態(tai)環境和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素
茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)李產(chan)(chan)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)四川省茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)南北部,地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北高、東(dong)南低,形(xing)態以(yi)中山(shan)深切割(ge)為特(te)點,屬四川盆地(di)(di)(di)西(xi)(xi)(xi)緣山(shan)地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)貌以(yi)高山(shan)峽谷地(di)(di)(di)帶為主。土壤(rang)有(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)高達(da)(da)2.85%-4.83%,PH值5.75-8.58,全氮(dan)含量(liang)0.142%-0.451%、富含磷、鉀(jia),全磷0.104%-0.226%、全鉀(jia)2.5%-3.3%、水(shui)解氮(dan)70.95mg/kg-116.85mg/kg、有(you)效磷16.26mg/kg-555.2mg/kg、速效鉀(jia)79.10mg/kg-135.44mg/kg。土壤(rang)通透(tou)性(xing)好(hao),灌(guan)溉條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)和排水(shui)性(xing)好(hao),非常適合李子生(sheng)長(chang)發育,是種(zhong)植茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)李得天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)。 茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬高原型(xing)季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou),受西(xi)(xi)(xi)風環流(liu)南支急流(liu)和印度洋西(xi)(xi)(xi)南風及(ji)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌影響(xiang),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)時空變化大,小(xiao)氣(qi)候(hou)效應突出的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。 產(chan)(chan)區(qu)環境特(te)點為:冬(dong)長(chang)夏短(duan)、春秋相連,雨(yu)旱(han)分(fen)明,氣(qi)候(hou)溫和,陽光(guang)(guang)充足,河谷多風;有(you)別于四川盆周(zhou)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)及(ji)高原。與省內其它(ta)李產(chan)(chan)區(qu)相比具備發展優質(zhi)(zhi)李的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)環境條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian):一是海拔(ba)高度適宜,在海拔(ba)1470米(mi)(mi)(mi)-2300米(mi)(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間,是茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)李生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳海拔(ba)高度;二是年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi) 溫適宜,該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫11.2℃,最(zui)低氣(qi)溫-11.6℃,7月平(ping)均(jun)溫度20.9℃,最(zui)高氣(qi)溫32℃;三是光(guang)(guang)照條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)十分(fen)充沛,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照時數1557.1小(xiao)時,年(nian)(nian)總(zong)(zong)輻(fu)射(she)量(liang)為100.90千卡(ka)(ka)/平(ping)方(fang)厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),光(guang)(guang)合有(you)效輻(fu)射(she)49.50 千卡(ka)(ka)/平(ping)方(fang)厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),適于李子生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4-9月,有(you)效輻(fu)射(she)量(liang)可達(da)(da)29.90千卡(ka)(ka)/平(ping)方(fang)厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),約占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)60.5%;四是全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)雨(yu)熱同季(ji),溫差年(nian)(nian)較差小(xiao)、日(ri)較差達(da)(da)10℃以(yi)上,年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)偏少,多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)僅490.0mm,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)1375.7mm。 綜上所(suo)述(shu):茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)土壤(rang)有(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)、礦物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)高,灌(guan)溉方(fang)便(bian),冬(dong)長(chang)夏短(duan)、溫差年(nian)(nian)較差小(xiao),日(ri)較差大,年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)小(xiao),日(ri)照充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)高原型(xing)季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)獨特(te)性(xing);形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)李果面(mian)亮麗,光(guang)(guang)滑有(you)光(guang)(guang)澤,果粉厚,質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)爽口脆(cui)嫩,香氣(qi)濃郁,可溶(rong)性(xing)固形(xing)物(wu)高達(da)(da)14%,果核離(li)核,可食(shi)率高達(da)(da)97%以(yi)上,品質(zhi)(zhi)上等,耐貯運的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)品質(zhi)(zhi)。
地域范圍
茂縣李(li)地理(li)標志地域保護范圍包括鳳儀、南(nan)(nan)新和(he)疊溪(xi)3個(ge)鎮和(he)渭(wei)門、溝口、雅(ya)都、曲(qu)谷(gu)、洼底、白溪(xi)、三龍(long)(long)、回龍(long)(long)、黑虎、飛虹、太平、松(song)坪、石大關13個(ge)鄉。地理(li)坐標為:東(dong)經102°56′-104°10′,北(bei)緯31°25′-32°16′。茂縣位于川西(xi)(xi)北(bei)地區,東(dong)與(yu)北(bei)川、安縣、綿竹毗鄰,南(nan)(nan)與(yu)彭州市、汶川、什邡接壤(rang),西(xi)(xi)與(yu)理(li)縣、黑水(shui)相鄰,北(bei)與(yu)松(song)潘連接,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長94.8公里(li)(li),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬116.5公里(li)(li)。保護面積2000公頃,年產量8.25萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)獨特感(gan)官特征(zheng):茂縣李果(guo)實整齊度好(hao)、果(guo)形端正,具有(you)本品種(zhong)的(de)固(gu)有(you)特征(zheng)果(guo)皮色澤(ze),具有(you)本品種(zhong)成熟時應有(you)的(de)果(guo)肉色澤(ze),李果(guo)面亮麗,光滑(hua)有(you)光澤(ze),果(guo)粉厚,質(zhi)地爽口脆(cui)嫩(nen),香氣濃郁,果(guo)核離核,品質(zhi)上等,耐貯運(yun)的(de)獨特品質(zhi)。
(2)獨特內(nei)在品質指標:茂縣李具(ju)有高糖低酸的品質特點,硬度大(da)于10.4kg/平方(fang)厘米,可溶性固形物(wu)大(da)于12.5%,可滴(di)定酸小(xiao)于1.06%,含糖量大(da)于9.8%,可食(shi)率大(da)于97%。