一.產品介紹
安縣(xian)(xian)魔芋(yu)種(zhong)植(zhi)歷史悠久(jiu),有(you)(you)歷史文獻記載始見于明(ming)末(mo)清(qing)初(chu)(縣(xian)(xian)志記載):“安縣(xian)(xian)魔芋(yu),種(zhong)屬花魔芋(yu),性寒、味辛(xin)、塊莖入藥,有(you)(you)解毒、消(xiao)(xiao)腫、化(hua)痰、散(san)結、行淤等功效。常用作治療咳嗽、疝氣、乳痛、瘰疬、燒傷等。久(jiu)煎內服兼有(you)(you)健胃、消(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)之作用”。成規模種(zhong)植(zhi)與加工始于80年代(dai)初(chu) 。
二(er).自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境和人文(wen)歷(li)史因素(su)
(1)土壤(rang)(rang)地貌情況:安(an)縣呈山(shan)、丘、壩三種地貌。縣境(jing)內中低山(shan)、沿山(shan)和(he)丘陵的幅員面積占(zhan)全縣總面積的70%,產區處于落葉(xie)樹秋(qiu)區和(he)稀林復(fu)耕土壤(rang)(rang),以暗棕壤(rang)(rang)、褐土、綜壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)主。產區海(hai)拔800~1200m,土壤(rang)(rang)pH值6.5—7.5,酸堿適(shi)中,水分含量60%-72%,土壤(rang)(rang)質地疏松,通透性好(hao),耕作層(ceng)深(shen)厚,平(ping)均深(shen)度0.55米,經過常(chang)年落葉(xie)并腐爛,增施(shi)堆肥,養分含量高,有(you)機質含量達到1.82%,適(shi)宜(yi)魔芋生(sheng)長。
(2)水(shui)文情況(kuang):安縣(xian)境內(nei)有安昌、雎(ju)水(shui)、白溪(xi)、秀水(shui)等4條河流,匯(hui)集(ji)溪(xi)流116條,年平(ping)均(jun)地(di)(di)表徑流總(zong)量(liang)13.47億立(li)(li)方米(mi),地(di)(di)下(xia)徑流3.19億立(li)(li)方米(mi),年人(ren)均(jun)有水(shui)3280立(li)(li)方米(mi),為(wei)四川省富水(shui)地(di)(di)區(qu)之一。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:安縣屬中亞熱帶(dai)濕潤季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu),光(guang)、熱、水資源豐(feng)富,全(quan)年氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫和,雨(yu)量充(chong)沛,日(ri)照(zhao)充(chong)足,四季分明,無霜(shuang)期長(chang)。年平(ping)均溫度16.3℃,≥10℃活動積溫5354.4℃,年平(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)時數1058.7h,年平(ping)均降水量為 1261mm,且(qie)雨(yu)熱同季,無霜(shuang)期273.3天(tian),是魔芋生長(chang)的理想環境。安縣魔芋產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)是魔芋生長(chang)的最適宜(yi)區(qu)(qu)(qu),與其他產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)相比有(you)明顯優勢。
(4)人文歷史情(qing)況:安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歷來盛產(chan)(chan)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),具(ju)(ju)有(you)得(de)天獨厚的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)域優勢,是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)知名的(de)(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主產(chan)(chan)區、全(quan)國(guo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)初加工(gong)及(ji)精粉(fen)(fen)(fen)集散地(di)(di)(di)(di),也是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)八大(da)(da)(da)“魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”之一(yi),被列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)農產(chan)(chan)品加工(gong)業示范(fan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)精粉(fen)(fen)(fen)加工(gong)和銷(xiao)(xiao)量(liang)(liang)占全(quan)國(guo)銷(xiao)(xiao)售量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)25%,產(chan)(chan)品銷(xiao)(xiao)往日本(ben)、韓國(guo)及(ji)歐美各(ge)國(guo)。 “魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”這個名字傳說來自(zi)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。古傳麻婆娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)路(lu)經(jing)(jing)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)千(qian)佛山(shan)的(de)(de)老虎埡,只見(jian)漫(man)山(shan)遍野躺著不(bu)少口(kou)吐白沫(mo)、渾身抽搐的(de)(de)百(bai)姓(xing)(xing),于是(shi)把(ba)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)爺叫來,詢問后(hou)才知這里百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)多年饑(ji)(ji)荒,饑(ji)(ji)不(bu)擇食(shi)(shi)吃下了(le)(le)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)撒下的(de)(de)麻口(kou)舌(she)的(de)(de)黑色(se)果(guo)毒性(xing)發作(zuo),這些黑色(se)果(guo)貌似(si)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭,因此被稱(cheng)做(zuo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)需(xu)添加灶灰(hui)(hui)炮制(zhi)熟(shu)透(tou)后(hou)才能食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),麻婆娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)即抓來魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui),在老虎埡上壘起七星灶,把(ba)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)燒成灶灰(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)以(yi)烹煮魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),煮制(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)僅無(wu)毒且口(kou)感(gan)極佳,解了(le)(le)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)饑(ji)(ji)荒,百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念麻婆娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)功(gong)績,尊稱(cheng)其為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伙(huo)夫娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang),并在當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)修建了(le)(le)一(yi)座“伙(huo)夫寺”(安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內尚保(bao)存(cun)完好(hao)),迎接(jie)伙(huo)夫娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)回(hui)大(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)省親,后(hou)世有(you)詩為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)證:“伙(huo)夫一(yi)手好(hao)茶飯,驅魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)濟(ji)世天下安(an)(an)”,魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這個名稱(cheng)由此延續至今(jin)。 安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)獨特的(de)(de)保(bao)健功(gong)效。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在漢魏之時稱(cheng)“翡”,雅稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“芳翡”,具(ju)(ju)有(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)防(fang)病(bing)(bing)保(bao)健功(gong)用(yong)(yong),據《本(ben)草綱目(mu)(mu)》記(ji)載2000 多年前我們(men)的(de)(de)祖先(xian)就已經(jing)(jing)用(yong)(yong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)來治病(bing)(bing)了(le)(le)。安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)含有(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)氨(an)基(ji)酸、礦(kuang)物質、微量(liang)(liang)元素和纖維(wei)等,每日用(yong)(yong)精粉(fen)(fen)(fen)兌蜂蜜加水直接(jie)飲用(yong)(yong),對(dui)防(fang)治結腸癌(ai)、乳腺癌(ai)有(you)特效;其低熱、低脂(zhi)、低糖的(de)(de)特性(xing)還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)預防(fang)和治療(liao)肥(fei)胖(pang)癥、高(gao)血壓、糖尿病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)保(bao)健食(shi)(shi)品。 安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)吃法(fa)是(shi)做(zuo)成魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐(fu),清代(dai)才子(zi)李(li)調(diao)元和當(dang)代(dai)作(zuo)家(jia)沙汀都曾(ceng)以(yi)此作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)品酒佳肴而文如(ru)涌泉。由于魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)淀粉(fen)(fen)(fen)膨脹力強,一(yi)公(gong)斤(jin)鮮芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可(ke)(ke)做(zuo)五(wu)公(gong)斤(jin)豆(dou)腐(fu),魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐(fu)灰(hui)(hui)白光(guang)鮮,手感(gan)細(xi)膩,富(fu)(fu)有(you)彈性(xing),塊片丁(ding)絲均可(ke)(ke),烹炒燉拌都行,是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)道的(de)(de)川菜原料。四(si)川安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人馬(ma)杰就以(yi)家(jia)鄉(xiang)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原料,編著了(le)(le)《中國(guo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)菜譜》一(yi)書,書中共(gong)介紹了(le)(le)香菇燒魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu) 、麻辣魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐(fu)、魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燒鴨(ya) 、鐵板豆(dou)腐(fu)等100多種(zhong)(zhong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)川菜譜,促(cu)進了(le)(le)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)消(xiao)費的(de)(de)多元化(hua)(hua),目(mu)(mu)前中外都盛行食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)(shi)品。 “5.12”大(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震時,安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茶坪(ping)、高(gao)川兩鄉(xiang)與(yu)外界隔(ge)絕,食(shi)(shi)物無(wu)法(fa)運進,災(zai)民就地(di)(di)(di)(di)取材,以(yi)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)煮熟(shu)充饑(ji)(ji)得(de)以(yi)幸存(cun)。溫家(jia)寶總(zong)理來安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)調(diao)查了(le)(le)解地(di)(di)(di)(di)震災(zai)情(qing)時,親切(qie)接(jie)見(jian)了(le)(le)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)戶,并鼓勵他(ta)們(men)發展好(hao)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)業,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)保(bao)護好(hao)這一(yi)特色(se)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方產(chan)(chan)業,積(ji)極推動災(zai)區重(zhong)(zhong)建,將魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)優勢農業產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)(hua)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)重(zhong)(zhong)建項目(mu)(mu),積(ji)極組建專業協(xie)會、規范(fan)生產(chan)(chan)秩序、擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)、提高(gao)生產(chan)(chan)和加工(gong)能力,把(ba)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生產(chan)(chan)與(yu)加工(gong)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)農戶致富(fu)(fu)增收(shou)和新(xin)農村建設的(de)(de)支撐(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)。
三.地域范圍
安(an)縣(xian)地處四川盆地西(xi)北(bei)邊緣,龍門山脈中(zhong)段,與(yu)成(cheng)都平(ping)原接壤,地理坐標為東(dong)經104°11′—104°38′,北(bei)緯31°37′—31°47′。北(bei)與(yu)北(bei)川縣(xian)接壤,西(xi)北(bei)與(yu)茂縣(xian)接壤,東(dong)與(yu)江油(you)市相鄰,南連羅江縣(xian),西(xi)接綿(mian)竹市,東(dong)南與(yu)涪城(cheng)區相鄰。安(an)縣(xian)魔芋保護(hu)(hu)范圍為安(an)縣(xian)轄(xia)區的茶坪鄉(xiang)、高川鄉(xiang)、桑棗鎮(zhen)(zhen)、曉壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)、雎水鎮(zhen)(zhen)、沸(fei)水鎮(zhen)(zhen)、秀水鎮(zhen)(zhen)、黃土(tu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、樂(le)興鎮(zhen)(zhen)共9個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)90個(ge)村,保護(hu)(hu)面積3850公頃,年均產量53900噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
(1)外在(zai)感官特(te)征: 安縣魔(mo)芋鮮(xian)芋表皮上半部呈暗褐色(se)(se),下半部呈淺棕色(se)(se)或(huo)肉色(se)(se),平滑飽滿,皮薄肉厚(hou),質嫩呈乳白(bai)色(se)(se),切開后(hou)有粘液。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao):安(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)芋(yu)生(sheng)長環境處于(yu)最適生(sheng)長區,優勢十分明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)。因此(ci),魔(mo)芋(yu)中(zhong)的(de)干(gan)(gan)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)與葡(pu)甘聚糖(tang)(tang)等重(zhong)要指(zhi)標(biao)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)優于(yu)其他栽培(pei)(pei)區,其中(zhong), 安(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)芋(yu)干(gan)(gan)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)含量(liang)(總量(liang)1-水分含量(liang)而(er)得)≥15.0%,明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)優于(yu)其他栽培(pei)(pei)區的(de)12.6~14.5%;安(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)芋(yu)葡(pu)甘聚糖(tang)(tang)在干(gan)(gan)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)比例(鮮樣中(zhong)葡(pu)甘聚糖(tang)(tang)含量(liang)÷干(gan)(gan)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)含量(liang))≥55.0%,明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)優于(yu)其他栽培(pei)(pei)區的(de)52.5~55.0%。
(3)安全要求:保(bao)護環(huan)境(jing)(jing)使基(ji)地符(fu)合農業(ye)部生產(chan)無(wu)(wu)公害魔芋生產(chan)條件(jian)(jian),環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)達到(dao)NY5010—2002《無(wu)(wu)公害食(shi)品蔬(shu)菜產(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)(jing)條件(jian)(jian)》標準(zhun)(zhun),產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)參照NY5221—2005《無(wu)(wu)公害食(shi)品薯(shu)芋類蔬(shu)菜》標準(zhun)(zhun)執行。建立(li)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護制度,嚴格控制在基(ji)地周邊3公里(li)內建有污染(ran)的(de)工礦企業(ye),防止工業(ye)“三廢”污染(ran)基(ji)地;設立(li)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護標志(zhi)牌,標志(zhi)范(fan)圍(wei)內的(de)畜(chu)禽養殖場糞(fen)水要經(jing)過(guo)無(wu)(wu)公害化處理,施用的(de)農家肥經(jing)過(guo)發酵腐爛,確(que)保(bao)無(wu)(wu)害;農藥、肥料使用執行有關準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)或規范(fan)。