相傳很久以前(qian),天(tian)(tian)(tian)和地(di)(di)(di)(di)還沒(mei)分開(kai),就象很大的(de)雞(ji)蛋(dan)(dan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang),里(li)面有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個叫(jiao)盤(pan)(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)人類祖先。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)萬(wan)八(ba)千年(nian)以后(hou),盤(pan)(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)心(xin)里(li)憋悶,渾身(shen)像繩子(zi)捆著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)不好受,想(xiang)活動活動筋骨,胳膊一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)伸腿(tui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蹬,“咔嚓”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聲,大雞(ji)蛋(dan)(dan)被蹬碎了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。蛋(dan)(dan)殼里(li)輕的(de)東(dong)西慢慢上(shang)(shang)(shang)升為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian),重的(de)東(dong)西慢慢下沉為(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di),天(tian)(tian)(tian)和地(di)(di)(di)(di)裂開(kai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條縫。他想(xiang)站起來走一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)走,可覺得(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)離地(di)(di)(di)(di)太(tai)低,就手撐天(tian)(tian)(tian),腳蹬地(di)(di)(di)(di),使勁把天(tian)(tian)(tian)往上(shang)(shang)(shang)拖(tuo)。盤(pan)(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)手拖(tuo)著(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)站起來,身(shen)子(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)長一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈,天(tian)(tian)(tian)也一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)高(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈。又過了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)萬(wan)八(ba)千年(nian),盤(pan)(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)身(shen)高(gao)(gao)九萬(wan)里(li),天(tian)(tian)(tian)也升高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)九萬(wan)里(li)。盤(pan)(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)開(kai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)辟地(di)(di)(di)(di),流盡了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)汗(han)水,耗盡了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)力氣,不久就累(lei)死了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。盤(pan)(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)死后(hou),身(shen)體上(shang)(shang)(shang)所(suo)有(you)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切轉化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)世上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)萬(wan)事萬(wan)物,嘴(zui)里(li)呼(hu)出的(de)氣變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)風和云彩,聲音變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)雷霆,左眼(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)太(tai)陽,右眼(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)月亮,胳膊變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)山岳,骨頭(tou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下的(de)寶藏,血液變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)江河,經脈變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理,肌肉變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)田土,發(fa)髭(zi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)草(cao)木,汗(han)流變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)雨……后(hou)人為(wei)紀念盤(pan)(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu),在邵(shao)原東(dong)修建了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)盤(pan)(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)寺。盤(pan)(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)出世掙破(po)的(de)蛋(dan)(dan)殼,埋(mai)在太(tai)行山下,慢慢變(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)細膩的(de)石頭(tou)。后(hou)來,人們用這(zhe)種石頭(tou)制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)不滲水的(de)硯臺(tai),這(zhe)就是著(zhu)名的(de)“盤(pan)(pan)硯”。 [4]
女媧摶土造人
傳說(shuo)女媧(wa)從(cong)西邊天(tian)經邵原,走到(dao)黃河(he)邊洗(xi)臉,黃河(he)水(shui)里映照(zhao)出了(le)她(ta)的(de)身影,她(ta)若有(you)所思(si),能有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)和(he)自(zi)己(ji)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)物種多好呀(ya)!她(ta)順手抓(zhua)起(qi)一(yi)(yi)把黃土(tu)(tu),摻上黃河(he)水(shui)摶了(le)一(yi)(yi)塊黃泥(ni),照(zhao)著(zhu)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)影子揉捏了(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)和(he)自(zi)己(ji)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)小(xiao)東西。她(ta)越(yue)揉捏越(yue)像自(zi)己(ji),心里一(yi)(yi)高興,小(xiao)東西失手掉到(dao)地上,她(ta)趕忙(mang)去(qu)抓(zhua),抓(zhua)掉了(le)小(xiao)龍尾。正在遺(yi)憾之間,掉到(dao)地上的(de)小(xiao)精(jing)靈(ling)一(yi)(yi)沾土(tu)(tu)地,竟活了(le)起(qi)來,并沖著(zhu)她(ta)喊(han)叫(jiao)“媽媽”,歡蹦亂(luan)跳的(de)慶祝自(zi)己(ji)小(xiao)生(sheng)命的(de)誕生(sheng),她(ta)給這個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)生(sheng)靈(ling)起(qi)了(le)個(ge)(ge)名字叫(jiao)“人”。
女媧在歡喜之(zhi)(zhi)中,就(jiu)不停手的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)一(yi)個(ge)不斷地揉(rou)捏(nie),伏羲(xi)又(you)來幫助(zhu)小生(sheng)靈生(sheng)出陰陽,分為(wei)男女。他們這樣(yang)揉(rou)來捏(nie)去,時(shi)間久了也(ye)覺(jue)得(de)太過勞神,就(jiu)用藤條抖甩黃泥(ni),沒想到泥(ni)點子落(luo)(luo)到地上(shang),竟然也(ye)變成(cheng)了活蹦(beng)歡跳的(de)(de)小人。女媧一(yi)高興,用力過大,將泥(ni)點子濺到待落(luo)(luo)嶺上(shang)的(de)(de)石崖上(shang)。因娃(wa)(wa)娃(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)腳踏不到黃土地上(shang),也(ye)就(jiu)沒有(you)生(sheng)命,形(xing)成(cheng)了光滑(hua)的(de)(de)雕塑圖案。這些圖案極(ji)似嬰兒之(zhi)(zhi)臂、臀、腿、后(hou)腦,憨態(tai)可掬,酷(ku)似無數個(ge)形(xing)態(tai)各異的(de)(de)淺黃色(se)娃(wa)(wa)娃(wa)(wa)爬滿崖壁,栩栩如生(sheng),人們叫(jiao)(jiao)它“娃(wa)(wa)娃(wa)(wa)崖”。后(hou)人也(ye)一(yi)直在這里燒香祈(qi)子,所以也(ye)有(you)人叫(jiao)(jiao)她“祈(qi)子崖”。
女媧親(qin)手摶造(zao)的小人聰(cong)明富貴,用藤條抽(chou)出(chu)的小人平凡(fan)貧窮。女媧看著周圍(wei)的小生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)高興地(di)說:“我創造(zao)了你(ni)們(men),給了你(ni)們(men)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming),你(ni)們(men)要結成伴侶繁衍生(sheng)息(xi),使生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)永存。”從此(ci),便有(you)了人類,男女聯姻(yin),繁衍生(sheng)息(xi)不斷(duan)。
傳說黃帝與蚩尤(you)大(da)戰邵原之后,這里(li)又(you)發(fa)生了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)共(gong)(gong)工與顓頊(xu)爭帝大(da)戰。共(gong)(gong)工久戰不勝,憤(fen)怒之下(xia)用(yong)頭(tou)撞向不周山(shan)(shan)。只聽得“轟(hong)隆(long)”一聲巨(ju)響,霎時(shi)間(jian),天(tian)昏地暗,地動(dong)山(shan)(shan)搖(yao),不周山(shan)(shan)頂天(tian)柱峰被撞倒(dao)。天(tian)柱倒(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le),東南方的地陷下(xia)去(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le),天(tian)像西北倒(dao)去(qu)(qu),日月(yue)星星也不照位了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le),銀河(he)水流下(xia)人間(jian)。毒蛇猛獸也趁機(ji)傷害人,特別是(shi)黑龍山(shan)(shan)那(nei)條殘暴的黑龍,更是(shi)乘機(ji)興風(feng)作(zuo)浪,毀(hui)壞田壟(long),掀翻房屋,吞噬人和牲畜(chu)。于(yu)是(shi),女媧(wa)要煉(lian)石(shi)補天(tian)。女媧(wa)撿來各種顏色(se)的石(shi)頭(tou),堆積在(zai)銀洞河(he)旁,又(you)用(yong)她那(nei)無限(xian)伸(shen)長(chang)(chang)的蛇尾,卷(juan)(juan)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)黃河(he)泥漿,把石(shi)頭(tou)粘合在(zai)一起,并從(cong)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)采來柴草,從(cong)昆侖山(shan)(shan)上(shang)取來火種,點燃(ran)柴草,開始(shi)冶(ye)煉(lian)補天(tian)石(shi)。熊(xiong)熊(xiong)大(da)火整(zheng)整(zheng)燒了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)九九八(ba)十一天(tian),土石(shi)融(rong)合,光(guang)亮透明(ming),五色(se)石(shi)煉(lian)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。女媧(wa)娘娘用(yong)力吹出一口真(zhen)氣,于(yu)是(shi)在(zai)鰲背山(shan)(shan)和待落(luo)嶺上(shang)空(kong)升起五彩(cai)祥云。又(you)伸(shen)開無限(xian)伸(shen)長(chang)(chang)的蛇尾,卷(juan)(juan)來煉(lian)好的五色(se)石(shi),放在(zai)云團(tuan)上(shang),然(ran)后雙(shuang)手(shou)托起云朵,直向天(tian)空(kong)。她的軀體在(zai)增長(chang)(chang),胳膊在(zai)伸(shen)長(chang)(chang),一直舉到天(tian)空(kong)的裂縫,隨即咬破舌頭(tou),朝著裂縫口噴出鮮血。轟(hong)隆(long)一聲巨(ju)響,震得山(shan)(shan)搖(yao)地動(dong),一道閃電劃破了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)長(chang)(chang)空(kong),把整(zheng)個宇宙照得通亮。霎時(shi),風(feng)停(ting)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le),雨住(zhu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le),一切(qie)平(ping)靜(jing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le),天(tian)空(kong)終于(yu)補好了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)!
媧娘補(bu)(bu)好天后,又(you)捉來一只(zhi)東海巨鰲,砍(kan)去四只(zhi)腳(jiao),頂(ding)住了補(bu)(bu)好的天空。那條盤(pan)踞黑龍山興風作浪的黑龍見勢(shi)不妙,急忙逃向析城山,見無處躲藏(zang),便在(zai)地下拱出七十二個(ge)洞(dong),但還是被媧娘抓個(ge)正(zheng)著(zhu),栓在(zai)石柱上(shang)斬了。女媧又(you)將煉石所遺留的灰燼堵塞(sai)洪水。
軒轅(yuan)祭(ji)天與戰(zhan)神蚩(chi)尤
傳說古(gu)時候,黃帝(di)(di)與(yu)蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you)從山(shan)(shan)西一(yi)直打到(dao)邵(shao)原,在(zai)(zai)邵(shao)原東(dong)(dong)面的(de)(de)馬(ma)坡(po)村(cun)打了(le)(le)一(yi)場惡仗。蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you)特別(bie)兇猛(meng),不但會(hui)(hui)使用(yong)金屬制作的(de)(de)武器(qi),還(huan)會(hui)(hui)使用(yong)法術,能吞云吐霧,呼風喚(huan)雨。黃帝(di)(di)與(yu)蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you)九(jiu)戰九(jiu)敗,最后被蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you)使洪水彌霧圍(wei)困(kun)。黃帝(di)(di)苦想沒有(you)辦(ban)法,仰天(tian)長嘆,正在(zai)(zai)他憂愁(chou)的(de)(de)時候,眼前忽(hu)然一(yi)亮(liang),云霧中露出一(yi)座山(shan)(shan)峰,氣(qi)勢非凡(fan),像(xiang)王(wang)者的(de)(de)宮殿,還(huan)有(you)兩座山(shan)(shan)峰左(zuo)右(you)護衛,這山(shan)(shan)就(jiu)是現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)王(wang)屋(wu)山(shan)(shan)。黃帝(di)(di)非常高興(xing),以(yi)為圣母在(zai)(zai)此,于(yu)是就(jiu)帶領隨從馬(ma)坡(po)淌(tang)水過東(dong)(dong)陽河,在(zai)(zai)王(wang)屋(wu)山(shan)(shan)腳下的(de)(de)十方院齋戒三(san)日,沐浴凈身后登上天(tian)壇(tan)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding),以(yi)牛頭、羊頭為供品,壘(lei)石設壇(tan)祭天(tian)數日,誠心誠意地祈求(qiu)上天(tian)保佑,打敗蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you)。黃帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)真誠和正義(yi)感(gan)動(dong)了(le)(le)天(tian)帝(di)(di),王(wang)母娘娘派(pai)九(jiu)天(tian)玄女下凡(fan),給黃帝(di)(di)九(jiu)鼎符(fu)。黃帝(di)(di)以(yi)九(jiu)鼎符(fu)造(zao)指南車,不再迷失方向,蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you)施雨,黃帝(di)(di)以(yi)女魃止雨。……又是一(yi)番惡戰后,黃帝(di)(di)終于(yu)在(zai)(zai)太行(xing)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)側的(de)(de)冀州(zhou)將蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you)捉住并殺(sha)了(le)(le)。邵(shao)原人說,砍頭山(shan)(shan)是蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)化(hua)身,尤(you)(you)(you)顱寨是蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)頭,人們(men)為紀念蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you),在(zai)(zai)馬(ma)坡(po)還(huan)建有(you)蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)(you)觀(guan)。
傳說,伏羲(xi)在(zai)(zai)青龍腰發現(xian)鰲(ao)背山南端石(shi)(shi)(shi)崖上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)一塊大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou),像(xiang)金(jin)(jin)雞啄米形狀。他(ta)便到南洼(wa)找(zhao)到了一塊形狀像(xiang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou),仔細觀察后,心(xin)想石(shi)(shi)(shi)內一定有(you)(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。伏羲(xi)舉手開石(shi)(shi)(shi),果真魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)從(cong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)中一躍逃(tao)出,只在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)內留下魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)狀石(shi)(shi)(shi)紋。伏羲(xi)琢磨,石(shi)(shi)(shi)開一分為二,魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)陰(yin)陽兩個,天地(di)未(wei)分之前,不也(ye)像(xiang)大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)一樣(yang)混(hun)混(hun)沌(dun)沌(dun)?天地(di)分離,也(ye)應有(you)(you)(you)陰(yin)陽,上(shang)則(ze)為陽,下則(ze)為陰(yin)。伏羲(xi)坐在(zai)(zai)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang),耳聽八方之風,仰觀天象,采天地(di)萬物的(de)靈(ling)氣(qi),一口氣(qi)畫了八卦,又(you)將二龍圖形畫在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)上(shang)。
很早很早以前,炎帝(di)與黃帝(di)征(zheng)戰數年,在販泉戰敗,于(yu)是就在黃河(he)北(bei)岸中條山、太行山和王屋山一帶游生(sheng)。當時,人(ren)們只能靠(kao)捕野(ye)獸食野(ye)果為生(sheng),更不會(hui)用藥物治病。天上(shang)的飛禽越打(da)越少(shao),地上(shang)的走獸越捕越稀,人(ren)們忍饑(ji)挨餓,饑(ji)寒交(jiao)迫(po),死傷無數。百姓(xing)的痛苦,炎帝(di)看在眼(yan)里,急(ji)在心上(shang),就暗下決心要救(jiu)子民于(yu)水深火熱之(zhi)中。
他(ta)來到鰲(ao)背(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan),走(zou)遍了(le)(le)(le)(le)角角落落,溝(gou)溝(gou)岔(cha)岔(cha),嘗(chang)(chang)遍了(le)(le)(le)(le)山(shan)(shan)(shan)中的(de)(de)千萬種野(ye)(ye)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、野(ye)(ye)果(guo),危(wei)險的(de)(de)是在(zai)品嘗(chang)(chang)百草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)時多(duo)(duo)次中毒,甚至多(duo)(duo)次昏死(si)過(guo)去。神(shen)(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏的(de)(de)精神(shen)(shen)(shen)感(gan)動了(le)(le)(le)(le)天(tian)帝,天(tian)帝便賜(si)“神(shen)(shen)(shen)鞭(bian)(bian)”一(yi)條。神(shen)(shen)(shen)鞭(bian)(bian)抽(chou)到草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)木上(shang)(shang),鞭(bian)(bian)子(zi)(zi)立刻變色,若(ruo)是白色,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是涼(liang)性的(de)(de);若(ruo)是紅色,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是熱性的(de)(de);若(ruo)是黑(hei)色,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是有(you)劇毒的(de)(de);若(ruo)無(wu)變化,證明此(ci)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)木無(wu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性。神(shen)(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏靠(kao)鞭(bian)(bian)子(zi)(zi)抽(chou)和品嘗(chang)(chang)這兩種方法(fa),認(ren)識了(le)(le)(le)(le)許(xu)(xu)許(xu)(xu)多(duo)(duo)多(duo)(duo)中草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),掌握了(le)(le)(le)(le)它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)品性。于是神(shen)(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)背(bei)著藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)簍,爬(pa)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡,攀懸崖,越絕(jue)壁(bi),歷盡千辛萬苦在(zai)鰲(ao)背(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)采藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。一(yi)次,不小心從(cong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡上(shang)(shang)滾(gun)下來,藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)簍里(li)的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)撒到了(le)(le)(le)(le)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡上(shang)(shang),從(cong)此(ci),這山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)又神(shen)(shen)(shen)奇地長出了(le)(le)(le)(le)許(xu)(xu)多(duo)(duo)種藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材。神(shen)(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏把采來的(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分發給(gei)人們(men)治病,并教人們(men)認(ren)識草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),從(cong)此(ci),人們(men)患病就有(you)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)醫治了(le)(le)(le)(le)。后(hou)來,他(ta)還撰寫了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)部醫書(shu),名叫《百草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)書(shu)》,后(hou)人把它(ta)稱為經典《神(shen)(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)百草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)》,鰲(ao)背(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)從(cong)此(ci)就有(you)人叫它(ta)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)柜山(shan)(shan)(shan)。據傳(chuan)說,后(hou)來曾有(you)無(wu)數(shu)仙道(dao)醫家(jia),紛紛上(shang)(shang)鰲(ao)背(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)修煉采藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),廣傳(chuan)有(you)孫思邈、李時珍、呂洞(dong)賓等。
炎帝(di)(di)在藥(yao)柜山采(cai)(cai)藥(yao)時,發現了(le)許多能吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)東西,就(jiu)叫人們(men)(men)(men)采(cai)(cai)野(ye)果充饑(ji)。野(ye)果越采(cai)(cai)越少,人們(men)(men)(men)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)忍(ren)饑(ji)挨餓,饑(ji)寒交(jiao)迫(po),炎帝(di)(di)心(xin)里(li)更是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)著急。一(yi)天(tian)(tian)采(cai)(cai)食物時累得筋疲力盡,就(jiu)靠著一(yi)棵很(hen)(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)大樹(shu)睡著了(le)。夢(meng)中,他(ta)輕飄(piao)飄(piao)來到(dao)天(tian)(tian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)粟宮。這(zhe)粟宮是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專管種(zhong)植五(wu)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang),到(dao)處是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)邊(bian)無(wu)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)稼(jia)。這(zhe)可喜壞了(le)炎帝(di)(di),他(ta)趕緊采(cai)(cai)了(le)很(hen)(hen)多種(zhong)子(zi)(zi),可怎(zen)么(me)也拿不(bu)動,著急的(de)(de)(de)出了(le)一(yi)身汗,心(xin)一(yi)激(ji)靈,睜開了(le)眼睛,原來是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)場夢(meng)。炎帝(di)(di)心(xin)想,難道天(tian)(tian)上(shang)真有(you)有(you)五(wu)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)?于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)神農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)就(jiu)變成了(le)一(yi)條(tiao)蒼(cang)龍,飛到(dao)了(le)天(tian)(tian)庭粟宮,果然找(zhao)到(dao)了(le)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)。可是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)里(li)當(dang)官的(de)(de)(de)特(te)別(bie)小氣,只(zhi)給炎帝(di)(di)一(yi)小匣子(zi)(zi)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)。炎帝(di)(di)很(hen)(hen)不(bu)高興,十分(fen)珍(zhen)惜地(di)懷揣谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)回(hui)到(dao)了(le)他(ta)居(ju)住的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)待(dai)落(luo)嶺。神農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)就(jiu)在待(dai)落(luo)嶺上(shang)挑(tiao)選雙合寨北面(mian)土地(di)肥沃(wo)的(de)(de)(de)洼地(di),精耕細作,又在鍘刀縫開鑿天(tian)(tian)井“一(yi)碗水(shui)”,取水(shui)澆地(di),然后小心(xin)翼(yi)翼(yi)地(di)播(bo)種(zhong)下(xia)從天(tian)(tian)上(shang)取來的(de)(de)(de)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)。誰知(zhi)道這(zhe)匣子(zi)(zi)雖小,匣里(li)的(de)(de)(de)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)物多得很(hen)(hen),一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)往外倒一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)有(you)。更驚(jing)奇的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),他(ta)從一(yi)頭下(xia)種(zhong),達到(dao)另一(yi)頭后,莊(zhuang)稼(jia)就(jiu)熟了(le)。這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人們(men)(men)(men)一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)說的(de)(de)(de)神奇的(de)(de)(de)回(hui)耬地(di)。他(ta)急忙找(zhao)來許多子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)幫忙,并把(ba)收獲的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)分(fen)發給他(ta)們(men)(men)(men),教他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)如何開墾土地(di),鑿井引泉,供人食用和(he)灌(guan)溉(gai)田地(di)。從此(ci),人們(men)(men)(men)寒來暑往,春種(zhong)夏播(bo),秋收冬藏,炎帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)子(zi)(zi)民生活溫飽有(you)了(le)保障。據傳(chuan),他(ta)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)稼(jia),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后世所說的(de)(de)(de)五(wu)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu):麥、稻、黍、稷(ji)、菽。從此(ci),神農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)雙合寨上(shang)播(bo)百(bai)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)為佳話(hua)。人們(men)(men)(men)一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)說,回(hui)耬地(di)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民間百(bai)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之源,待(dai)落(luo)嶺雙合寨也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)神農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)住和(he)生活的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)。
傳說中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)顓頊(xu),是統(tong)治宇宙的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)帝后裔(yi);傳說中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong),是統(tong)治地上十分(fen)之七水(shui)域的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)神共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)是炎帝后裔(yi)火神祝(zhu)融的(de)(de)(de)兒子,生著(zhu)人(ren)面蛇身(shen)赤發,性情暴烈,身(shen)乘二(er)龍“振滔(tao)(掀動)洪(hong)水(shui)”,去攻顓頊(xu)一(yi)方。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)手下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)員大將,一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)叫浮游,一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)叫相(xiang)柳(liu)。那(nei)(nei)相(xiang)柳(liu)也是人(ren)面蛇身(shen),渾身(shen)青黑,長著(zhu)九個(ge)(ge)(ge)腦袋,十分(fen)勇猛(meng)(meng)好戰。顓頊(xu)對共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)來犯早有(you)準備,即刻帶兵相(xiang)迎。這(zhe)場(chang)爭(zheng)斗十分(fen)殘酷,雙方都把自己所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)兵力智謀全使了(le)(le)出來。他(ta)們從邵原直(zhi)戰到昆(kun)侖(lun)(lun)山腳下(xia)(xia)。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)掀起狂波惡浪,用水(shui)去攻顓頊(xu)一(yi)方;顓頊(xu)則放出熊(xiong)熊(xiong)的(de)(de)(de)烈焰(yan)去燒共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)一(yi)方。終(zhong)于共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)一(yi)方敵不(bu)(bu)過(guo)顓頊(xu),九頭(tou)相(xiang)柳(liu)當(dang)場(chang)被燒死。浮游被燒得焦頭(tou)爛額(e),拼死沖(chong)出火圍,終(zhong)因傷勢(shi)過(guo)重(zhong)而死。性高(gao)氣盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)見狀(zhuang)大怒,猛(meng)(meng)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)頭(tou)撞向昆(kun)侖(lun)(lun)山,只聽(ting)得轟隆(long)隆(long)、嘩啦啦一(yi)聲巨響,昆(kun)侖(lun)(lun)山頂峰(feng)天(tian)(tian)柱峰(feng)被撞倒(dao)。天(tian)(tian)柱峰(feng)倒(dao)地,昆(kun)侖(lun)(lun)山變(bian)得不(bu)(bu)周(zhou)正了(le)(le),即更(geng)名為(wei)“不(bu)(bu)周(zhou)山”,那(nei)(nei)被共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)用頭(tou)頂倒(dao)的(de)(de)(de)峰(feng)頂更(geng)名為(wei)“頭(tou)頂”(頭(tou)頂)。天(tian)(tian)柱峰(feng)乃是“西邊天(tian)(tian)”撐天(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)柱子,天(tian)(tian)柱一(yi)倒(dao),大地傾斜(xie),天(tian)(tian)空的(de)(de)(de)日月星辰站(zhan)不(bu)(bu)住腳,不(bu)(bu)由自主的(de)(de)(de)向西移動,銀(yin)河(he)(he)水(shui)泄漏下(xia)(xia)來,大雨(yu)傾盆。大地的(de)(de)(de)東南(nan)部(bu)下(xia)(xia)沉,大川小河(he)(he)日夜不(bu)(bu)停(ting)地向東南(nan)方奔流。
大禹治水
傳(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)大(da)(da)禹(yu)在邵州一帶(dai)治水(shui)時,要用木(mu)棍(gun)探(tan)水(shui)深(shen)(shen)淺(qian),因為水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)浮(fu)力(li)大(da)(da),所以木(mu)棍(gun)探(tan)不到(dao)水(shui)底(di),大(da)(da)禹(yu)心中(zhong)十分著急(ji)。這時,一位老農雙膝跪地,手(shou)捧一根發紅透亮,分量較輕的(de)(de)(de)木(mu)棍(gun)說(shuo)(shuo):“我主勿(wu)躁,小民獻上一物可以幫你探(tan)測水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)淺(qian)。”大(da)(da)禹(yu)接(jie)過木(mu)棍(gun),半信(xin)半疑地探(tan)入河(he)中(zhong),誰知此棍(gun)竟立于河(he)中(zhong)不漂不倒直至(zhi)河(he)底(di)。大(da)(da)禹(yu)高興極了,驚(jing)嘆道:“真(zhen)乃神棍(gun)也!”后(hou)(hou)來大(da)(da)禹(yu)稱皇帝后(hou)(hou),“龍(long)持木(mu)棍(gun)”的(de)(de)(de)美名遍(bian)傳(chuan)天下,價增百倍。時至(zhi)今日,邵原北山原始森林中(zhong)仍有幾棵珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)持木(mu)樹。
禹治水(shui)前黃河(he)水(shui)在邵州一(yi)帶汪洋一(yi)片,泛濫成(cheng)災,大(da)(da)(da)禹經過充分勘察后,決計(ji)導北(bei)(bei)水(shui)南流。他(ta)首先在邵原北(bei)(bei)部積石(shi)(shi)成(cheng)山把南北(bei)(bei)走向(xiang)的太行山阻(zu)斷,使北(bei)(bei)水(shui)東(dong)流入濟。這(zhe)“積石(shi)(shi)之山”就是(shi)現在陽(yang)城(cheng)縣境內(nei)的“鎖泉(quan)嶺(ling)”。為疏導北(bei)(bei)水(shui)入黃河(he),用神鞭(bian)(bian)趕水(shui),至今(jin)東(dong)陽(yang)河(he)一(yi)峽(xia)谷中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)壁上仍留有(you)神鞭(bian)(bian)印,人你“鞭(bian)(bian)壁崖”。大(da)(da)(da)水(shui)流至邵原正(zheng)南,那時伏牛山與北(bei)(bei)山相(xiang)連,齊刷(shua)刷(shua)阻(zu)斷了黃河(he)水(shui)去向(xiang)。禹王(wang)斧劈大(da)(da)(da)山,放(fang)水(shui)東(dong)去,形成(cheng)了后來的“八(ba)里峽(xia)”,也叫“八(ba)里胡同”。“八(ba)里胡同”北(bei)(bei)邊(bian)(bian)有(you)一(yi)個村(cun)(cun)莊叫“老禹洼”,相(xiang)傳是(shi)因大(da)(da)(da)禹治水(shui)時居住(zhu)而得(de)名。村(cun)(cun)莊邊(bian)(bian)有(you)一(yi)座山叫“八(ba)角山”,八(ba)角山上有(you)一(yi)個“神仙洞”,傳說大(da)(da)(da)禹曾(ceng)取計(ji)“神仙洞”,石(shi)(shi)壁上還留有(you)大(da)(da)(da)禹治水(shui)圖(tu)。
邵(shao)原北(bei)邊的黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)原來(lai)是從天上下來(lai)的一條黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)所管(guan),黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)生性(xing)殘暴(bao),常(chang)給民(min)間降(jiang)災,人間常(chang)常(chang)久旱不(bu)雨,莊稼枯死,百姓日子沒法(fa)過(guo)。在天上分管(guan)銀河(he)的那條白龍(long)(long)(long)就私(si)自降(jiang)了(le)一場雨,觸(chu)犯(fan)了(le)“天條”,也被天帝貶到黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan),與黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)同管(guan)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)。從這(zhe)兒以后,白龍(long)(long)(long)經常(chang)體察民(min)情(qing),適時降(jiang)雨。常(chang)獨霸黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)、想怎樣干就怎樣干的黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)對白龍(long)(long)(long)的做法(fa)很不(bu)滿,心(xin)里特別恨白龍(long)(long)(long),就專和白龍(long)(long)(long)作對,他們倆(lia)爭(zheng)斗(dou)不(bu)息。
人們對黑龍(long)的狂暴極(ji)為不平,又十分同情白龍(long)的不幸遭(zao)遇,經常祈求天(tian)帝赦(she)免白龍(long)之罪(zui),掌管黑龍(long)山。天(tian)帝沒辦法,傳(chuan)話民(min)間:“要想重登靈宵(xiao)閣,除非金豆開花時。”
有一年(nian)二(er)月二(er),邵原(yuan)一老太太上市趕集,無意中(zhong)將玉(yu)米撒了(le)一地,在太陽照耀下(xia)金光燦(can)爛,好像滿地金豆。有讀書人見了(le)大(da)醒悟(wu)過(guo)來,趕緊(jin)把玉(yu)米粒放鍋內炒熟,把玉(yu)米花獻(xian)給上天(tian)。太上老君眼花,誤認為金豆開(kai)了(le)花,奏本天(tian)帝,赦免了(le)白(bai)龍(long)之罪(zui)。白(bai)龍(long)這才回到天(tian)界,而人間那(nei)個白(bai)龍(long)池(chi)和白(bai)龍(long)溝(gou)仍留在邵原(yuan)人們的心(xin)上。邵原(yuan)一帶的老百(bai)姓,每年(nian)二(er)月二(er)家家戶戶炒玉(yu)米花,就是為了(le)紀念這件事。
白龍回天(tian)庭后,黑龍更加殘(can)暴,經常出(chu)來(lai)傷害人(ren)。“神住溝”有一位(wei)剛(gang)成親(qin)的(de)年輕獵人(ren),決(jue)意上(shang)山(shan)除掉黑龍。年輕獵人(ren)剛(gang)走到黑龍山(shan)腳(jiao)下,山(shan)頂那(nei)(nei)(nei)個(ge)黑龍使來(lai)滾滾的(de)黑云,夾雜著雷鳴電閃向他(ta)(ta)撲來(lai)。獵手(shou)情(qing)知不(bu)妙,急忙拈弓搭箭,一股難以抗拒(ju)的(de)強(qiang)大(da)吸(xi)力向他(ta)(ta)襲來(lai),他(ta)(ta)頓覺(jue)眼花體軟被(bei)黑龍吸(xi)入(ru)嘴里(li)(li),只(zhi)有那(nei)(nei)(nei)只(zhi)繡(xiu)鞋隨風(feng)被(bei)吹到鰲背山(shan)上(shang)的(de)崖坎里(li)(li)。直到共工怒觸不(bu)周山(shan)后,作惡多(duo)端的(de)黑龍,才被(bei)女(nv)媧(wa)把他(ta)(ta)斬首在(zai)待落嶺上(shang)了(le)(le)。人(ren)們為(wei)了(le)(le)紀念那(nei)(nei)(nei)位(wei)勇敢善(shan)良的(de)獵手(shou),把鰲背山(shan)上(shang)那(nei)(nei)(nei)個(ge)崖坎取(qu)名為(wei)“繡(xiu)鞋龕”。婦女(nv)們為(wei)效仿那(nei)(nei)(nei)位(wei)賢惠多(duo)情(qing)的(de)妻子,便在(zai)這里(li)(li)留下了(le)(le)丈夫死(si)后女(nv)人(ren)須穿(chuan)白鞋行孝三年的(de)風(feng)俗(su)。
邵原(yuan)創(chuang)世(shi)神話的(de)豐富內容,表現(xian)(xian)了中(zhong)原(yuan)先民同時(shi)也表現(xian)(xian)了中(zhong)華民族(zu)在人與(yu)(yu)(yu)自然、人與(yu)(yu)(yu)社會、人與(yu)(yu)(yu)人、人自身之間的(de)關系(xi)以及矛盾、沖突和抗爭,并在對立統一的(de)進程中(zhong)走(zou)向和諧,積(ji)淀著民族(zu)的(de)人文精(jing)神。
邵(shao)原創(chuang)世(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)被譽之為“唯美(mei)”的(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua),具有(you)(you)道(dao)德(de)化(hua)、倫理化(hua)、哲(zhe)理化(hua)的(de)(de)魅力。邵(shao)原創(chuang)世(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)人(ren)文底蘊厚重(zhong)(zhong),哲(zhe)理思想古今(jin)傳承。盤古、女(nv)媧(wa)作為中(zhong)華(hua)民族血(xue)脈(mo)同根的(de)(de)先祖和(he)英雄形(xing)象,其(qi)(qi)(qi)蘊涵的(de)(de)開天辟地、開拓創(chuang)新、無所畏懼、勇往直(zhi)前(qian)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)強(qiang)不息、繼往開來的(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)(shen);其(qi)(qi)(qi)鞠躬(gong)盡瘁、垂死化(hua)身(shen)、甘于奉獻、不怕犧牲的(de)(de)美(mei)德(de);其(qi)(qi)(qi)造(zao)福(fu)人(ren)類(lei)、懲惡揚善、以人(ren)為本、護民佑民的(de)(de)高貴品(pin)格;其(qi)(qi)(qi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)強(qiang)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)信(xin)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)勤、自(zi)(zi)(zi)愛的(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)(shen),都(dou)對(dui)我國人(ren)文精(jing)神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)形(xing)成和(he)豐富,具有(you)(you)極為珍(zhen)(zhen)貴的(de)(de)價值(zhi),對(dui)提升民族文化(hua)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)覺起到促進作用(yong)。濟源邵(shao)原創(chuang)世(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)群厚重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)文化(hua)容量,必將與時俱進地釋放出(chu)新的(de)(de)光彩,成為中(zhong)華(hua)民族共享的(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)文化(hua)財(cai)富。邵(shao)原是中(zhong)國創(chuang)世(shi)(shi)文化(hua)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然遺存(cun),極其(qi)(qi)(qi)珍(zhen)(zhen)貴,研(yan)究邵(shao)原創(chuang)世(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)群,從一定意義上來說(shuo)對(dui)提升民族自(zi)(zi)(zi)信(xin)心,增強(qiang)民族凝聚力,是非(fei)常(chang)有(you)(you)意義的(de)(de)。