神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)早(zao)期歷史的(de)(de)活化(hua)(hua)(hua)石,是(shi)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)各(ge)(ge)共(gong)同體(ti)(ti)集體(ti)(ti)創造、代代相承的(de)(de)一種以超自然形象為(wei)主人(ren)(ren)公(gong)、以特定宗教信仰(yang)為(wei)內核并(bing)為(wei)其服務(wu)的(de)(de)神(shen)圣敘事。它(ta)既(ji)是(shi)一種經典(dian)性的(de)(de)文學體(ti)(ti)裁,也是(shi)遠古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)知識體(ti)(ti)系和(he)信仰(yang)體(ti)(ti)系。中國神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)指古(gu)(gu)往今來生活于這片土地之(zhi)上的(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)個民族(zu)創造的(de)(de)全部(bu)神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)集合。按(an)照其表(biao)現的(de)(de)內容(rong)可分為(wei)六大類(lei):宇宙起(qi)源神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、人(ren)(ren)類(lei)起(qi)源神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、洪水再生神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)其他(ta)災難神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、族(zu)群起(qi)源神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)發明神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、戰爭神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。其中,盤古(gu)(gu)神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、邵(shao)原神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)群(盤古(gu)(gu)開天(tian)辟地、女媧(wa)摶土造人(ren)(ren)、女媧(wa)煉石補天(tian)、軒轅(yuan)祭天(tian)與戰神(shen)蚩尤、伏羲(xi)演八卦、神(shen)農嘗百草播五谷、顓頊與共(gong)工、大禹治水)、西(xi)王(wang)母(mu)神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等神(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被列入(ru)中國非物質文化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產名錄。
民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是圍(wei)繞客觀實(shi)在物(wu)(wu)(wu),運用(yong)文(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)表現手法和(he)歷史表達(da)方式構建出來的(de)(de),具有(you)(you)審美意(yi)味(wei)的(de)(de)散文(wen)(wen)體口頭(tou)敘事文(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu)往(wang)往(wang)是歷史上實(shi)有(you)(you)的(de)(de),在敘述(shu)該人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu)活動(dong)時,敘述(shu)者往(wang)往(wang)用(yong)親(qin)眼所見、親(qin)耳所聞來加重其內容的(de)(de)可信性。中(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)分為:人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、史事傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、地方風(feng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、風(feng)俗傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)五大類。中(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)對人(ren)(ren)類文(wen)(wen)化多樣(yang)性文(wen)(wen)明(ming)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)有(you)(you)巨大貢獻,是中(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)化中(zhong)的(de)(de)一顆璀璨明(ming)珠。作為民(min)(min)眾(zhong)生(sheng)活文(wen)(wen)化重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分的(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),不(bu)僅以它特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)方式保存民(min)(min)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)歷史,而且在大力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)旅(lv)游事業的(de)(de)今天(tian),民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)仍然能夠發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)。其中(zhong)梁祝(zhu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、白蛇傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、牛郎織女(nv)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、孟姜女(nv)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是中(zhong)國(guo)四大民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),也(ye)是中(zhong)國(guo)非物(wu)(wu)(wu)質文(wen)(wen)化遺產(chan)名錄中(zhong)具有(you)(you)代(dai)表性的(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。
中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)是廣大(da)民(min)(min)眾創作并傳承的(de)(de)反映人類(lei)(lei)社會生活(huo)以及(ji)民(min)(min)眾理想(xiang)愿(yuan)望的(de)(de)口頭文(wen)學(xue)作品。自20世紀90年代(dai)以來,《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)集(ji)成》各(ge)省卷開(kai)始陸續出(chu)版,至目前(qian)已全部出(chu)齊(qi)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)簡要分為(wei)(wei)四(si)大(da)門類(lei)(lei):幻想(xiang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)、生活(huo)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)、民(min)(min)間(jian)笑話、民(min)(min)間(jian)寓言。其中(zhong)(zhong)幻想(xiang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)占了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)的(de)(de)一半,如(ru)田螺姑娘、神筆、猴子撈月、稻草人等。在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo),民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)的(de)(de)分布范圍(wei)極廣,每(mei)個地區都(dou)有諸多(duo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)。為(wei)(wei)此在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)非(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)化遺產名(ming)錄中(zhong)(zhong)也將一些極具代(dai)表性的(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)地區及(ji)著名(ming)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)講述家(jia),列(lie)入(ru)了保護范圍(wei)。如(ru)走馬鎮民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)(走馬鎮工農村(cun)被列(lie)為(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)村(cun)”)、伍家(jia)溝(gou)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)、譚振(zhen)山(shan)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)、滿(man)族(zu)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)、錫伯族(zu)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)、回族(zu)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)、鄂溫克族(zu)民(min)(min)間(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)事(shi)等。
史(shi)(shi)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)古老而源遠流長(chang)的(de)韻(yun)體敘(xu)事文(wen)學樣式,一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)專門(men)描寫民族(zu)(zu)起源、民族(zu)(zu)遷(qian)徙(xi)、民族(zu)(zu)戰爭(zheng)、民族(zu)(zu)英雄(xiong)(xiong)的(de)不朽(xiu)業績等傳(chuan)說的(de)長(chang)篇民間敘(xu)事詩(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)原始社會或奴隸社會民族(zu)(zu)歷史(shi)(shi)的(de)形象(xiang)化(hua)(hua)記載,是(shi)“詩(shi)(shi)(shi)性的(de)歷史(shi)(shi)”,可(ke)以視為某一(yi)民族(zu)(zu)早期生(sheng)活的(de)百科全書。中(zhong)國史(shi)(shi)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)主(zhu)要類(lei)別有創世史(shi)(shi)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)、遷(qian)徙(xi)史(shi)(shi)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)、英雄(xiong)(xiong)史(shi)(shi)詩(shi)(shi)(shi),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)中(zhong)國少數(shu)民族(zu)(zu)的(de)三大(da)史(shi)(shi)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)——藏族(zu)(zu)《格薩爾(er)(er)(er)(er)》、蒙古族(zu)(zu)《江(jiang)格爾(er)(er)(er)(er)》和柯爾(er)(er)(er)(er)克(ke)孜族(zu)(zu)《瑪納斯(si)》,是(shi)公(gong)認的(de)中(zhong)國偉大(da)英雄(xiong)(xiong)史(shi)(shi)詩(shi)(shi)(shi),已經引起國內外廣泛的(de)關(guan)注。《格薩(斯(si))爾(er)(er)(er)(er)》《江(jiang)格爾(er)(er)(er)(er)》《瑪納斯(si)》均被(bei)列(lie)入(ru)第一(yi)批國家級非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)代表性項目名錄(lu),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong),《瑪納斯(si)》和《格薩(斯(si))爾(er)(er)(er)(er)》被(bei)列(lie)入(ru)聯合國教科文(wen)組(zu)織(zhi)《保護非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)公(gong)約》人類(lei)非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)代表作名錄(lu)。
童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),也(ye)被(bei)稱作兒(er)歌,指(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)唱(chang)(chang)于兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)之口的(de)(de)(de)(de)沒(mei)有(you)樂譜的(de)(de)(de)(de)歌謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),是流傳(chuan)(chuan)于全(quan)國(guo)各地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)由特殊群(qun)體念唱(chang)(chang)、傳(chuan)(chuan)播,具有(you)特殊意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)類(lei)。童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在我(wo)(wo)國(guo)已有(you)千(qian)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi),歷(li)朝官(guan)修正史(shi)及雜傳(chuan)(chuan)、筆記、小(xiao)說中(zhong)(zhong)不乏童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)記錄。童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)主要有(you)書面、口頭兩種(zhong)傳(chuan)(chuan)承方式,其語言淺顯易(yi)懂,內容樸(pu)實自然,是民(min)間文(wen)學(xue)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀(xiu)代表(biao)(biao)。童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)積淀了優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)文(wen)化(hua),蘊(yun)涵著(zhu)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)教育內容。我(wo)(wo)國(guo)童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、閩(min)南童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、紹興(xing)童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、納(na)西族(zu)童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)入選國(guo)家級非物質文(wen)化(hua)遺產名錄,長沙童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)等被(bei)列入湖南省級非遺項(xiang)目名錄。其中(zhong)(zhong),北(bei)(bei)京(jing)童(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)表(biao)(biao)現了各時期北(bei)(bei)京(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城市性(xing)格和北(bei)(bei)京(jing)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)感情(qing),承載著(zhu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)幾(ji)千(qian)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi),代表(biao)(biao)作有(you)《東直門掛著(zhu)匾(bian)》《大頭兒(er)大》《一園青菜成了精》《過水面》《風婆(po)婆(po)》《金箍(gu)嚕棒》等。
諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)是千(qian)百年來流傳在人(ren)民(min)大眾口頭上相對固定成型而短小精煉的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)句,以(yi)(yi)極其簡(jian)單和通俗易懂(dong)的(de)(de)(de)言辭(ci)說明一(yi)個(ge)(ge)深刻的(de)(de)(de)道理,是中(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)間文學重要組成部分(fen),也(ye)是中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)寶(bao)貴的(de)(de)(de)非(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產之(zhi)一(yi)。諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)反(fan)映了勞動人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)實踐經驗,口語(yu)(yu)性(xing)強,通俗易懂(dong),反(fan)映的(de)(de)(de)內容涉及社會生活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)(ge)方面。諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)按(an)類型可以(yi)(yi)分(fen)為生活(huo)諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)、農業(ye)諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)、風土諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)、時政諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)。據Maigoo小編了解,諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(滬諺(yan))入(ru)選第三批(pi)國家級(ji)(ji)非(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產名錄(lu),諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(陜北民(min)諺(yan))入(ru)選第四批(pi)國家級(ji)(ji)非(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產名錄(lu),諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(哈薩(sa)克族(zu)諺(yan)語(yu)(yu))入(ru)選第五批(pi)國家級(ji)(ji)非(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產名錄(lu),還(huan)有(you)部分(fen)地級(ji)(ji)市諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)入(ru)選省(sheng)市級(ji)(ji)非(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產名錄(lu)。
民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao),是(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)文學(xue)(xue)體裁(cai)之一,是(shi)篇(pian)幅(fu)短小,以抒情為主的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)詩歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)總(zong)稱,也是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)文學(xue)(xue)重要(yao)組(zu)成部分。歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)由“民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)”和“民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)謠(yao)”兩部分構成,按內容分,有(you)苦歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、情歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、盤歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、風俗歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、節令歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)等(deng),按民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)分,有(you)藏(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、壯(zhuang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)等(deng)。歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)是(shi)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)口頭創作,最貼近生(sheng)活,直接表達了(le)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)思(si)想感(gan)情和意(yi)志愿望,在文學(xue)(xue)史(shi)上有(you)重要(yao)意(yi)義。中(zhong)國(guo)非遺(yi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)中(zhong),有(you)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)古歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、劉(liu)三姐歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)、布依族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)盤歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、土(tu)家(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)梯瑪歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、壯(zhuang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)嘹歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、土(tu)家(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)嫁歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、仫佬族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)古歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)等(deng)具(ju)有(you)少數民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)特色(se)的(de)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao),還有(you)吳歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、桐城歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、酉(you)陽古歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、常山(shan)喝(he)彩歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)、雷州歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)等(deng)地方特色(se)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao),這(zhe)些民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)都入選國(guo)家(jia)級非物質文化(hua)遺(yi)產名錄。
謎(mi)(mi)語源(yuan)自中(zhong)(zhong)國古代民(min)(min)(min)間(jian),是帶有知識性(xing)和(he)(he)趣味性(xing)的民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)韻文(wen)(wen)作品,也是一(yi)種(zhong)和(he)(he)游(you)戲(xi)娛樂分不開(kai)的民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)口頭語言藝術(shu),歷經(jing)數(shu)千年的演(yan)變(bian)和(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),是中(zhong)(zhong)國古代勞(lao)動人民(min)(min)(min)集體(ti)(ti)智慧(hui)創造的文(wen)(wen)化(hua)產(chan)物(wu),也是中(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)學重要組成部(bu)分。謎(mi)(mi)語根據謎(mi)(mi)底所反映的事物(wu)性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)對(dui)象,一(yi)般分為三(san)大類:物(wu)謎(mi)(mi)、事謎(mi)(mi)、字謎(mi)(mi)。中(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)謎(mi)(mi)語歷經(jing)數(shu)千年的演(yan)變(bian)、發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、完善才(cai)形成現今(jin)的體(ti)(ti)系(xi)格局,成為廣大人民(min)(min)(min)喜聞樂見的文(wen)(wen)學形式(shi),并流(liu)傳至今(jin)。謎(mi)(mi)語(澄(cheng)海(hai)燈謎(mi)(mi))入(ru)選第二批國家級非(fei)(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)名錄(lu),青(qing)林寺謎(mi)(mi)語入(ru)選第一(yi)批國家級非(fei)(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)名錄(lu)。此外,青(qing)林寺村被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)(min)(min)協命名為“中(zhong)(zhong)國謎(mi)(mi)語村”,澄(cheng)海(hai)被(bei)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)部(bu)命名為“中(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)燈謎(mi)(mi)藝術(shu)之鄉”。
民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)敘(xu)事長(chang)詩(shi)(shi)是(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)文(wen)學體裁之一(yi),為一(yi)種具有比較完整的(de)故(gu)事情節(jie)的(de)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)文(wen)或(huo)散韻(yun)(yun)(yun)結(jie)合的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)詩(shi)(shi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge),也是(shi)中(zhong)國民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)文(wen)學的(de)重要組成(cheng)部分。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)敘(xu)事長(chang)詩(shi)(shi)是(shi)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)集體創作、口頭流傳的(de)以第三人(ren)稱進行(xing)敘(xu)事的(de)具完整故(gu)事情節(jie)并注重人(ren)物刻畫的(de)長(chang)篇韻(yun)(yun)(yun)文(wen)或(huo)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)散相間(jian)(jian)的(de)詩(shi)(shi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)作品,也稱“故(gu)事歌(ge)(ge)(ge)”或(huo)“故(gu)事詩(shi)(shi)”。在(zai)中(zhong)國非遺項(xiang)目中(zhong),也產生了很多(duo)國家級非遺民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)敘(xu)事詩(shi)(shi),如云(yun)南(nan)石林(lin)彝族敘(xu)事長(chang)詩(shi)(shi)《阿詩(shi)(shi)瑪》、甘肅米(mi)東(dong)《米(mi)拉尕黑》、青海互助(zhu)土族民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)敘(xu)事長(chang)詩(shi)(shi)《祁家延西》、云(yun)南(nan)西雙版納傣(dai)族《召樹(shu)屯與喃木諾娜》等,還有聞名(ming)遐邇的(de)《孔雀東(dong)南(nan)飛》《木蘭辭》,為我國古代(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)敘(xu)事長(chang)詩(shi)(shi)中(zhong)璀璨耀(yao)眼的(de)“雙子星座(zuo)”。
民(min)(min)間(jian)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)(chang)是以說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)(chang)唱(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式來(lai)敷(fu)演故(gu)(gu)事(shi)或刻畫人物(wu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)象的(de)(de)口頭文(wen)(wen)(wen)學作品(pin),也叫說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)(chang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學,是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學的(de)(de)重要(yao)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。民(min)(min)間(jian)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)(chang)同(tong)民(min)(min)間(jian)曲藝(yi)既有(you)密(mi)切的(de)(de)關系(xi),又(you)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)區別,不同(tong)于民(min)(min)間(jian)曲藝(yi),民(min)(min)間(jian)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)(chang)側重于文(wen)(wen)(wen)學方面,主要(yao)是從(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學角(jiao)度探討作為(wei)曲藝(yi)表演底(di)本的(de)(de)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與特點(dian),屬(shu)于民(min)(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學的(de)(de)范疇。民(min)(min)間(jian)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)(chang)從(cong)內容和形(xing)(xing)(xing)式上,分(fen)(fen)為(wei)唱(chang)(chang)故(gu)(gu)事(shi)、說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)故(gu)(gu)事(shi)、說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)笑話三個類(lei)別。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)間(jian)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)(chang)歷(li)史悠(you)久,形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了富有(you)民(min)(min)族(zu)特色的(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)傳(chuan)統。在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)非遺保護中(zhong)(zhong),說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)(chang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學以曲藝(yi)或者(zhe)民(min)(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學的(de)(de)名義進入到各級非遺名錄(lu)當中(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong),河西寶(bao)卷(juan)、靖江寶(bao)卷(juan)、吳地寶(bao)卷(juan)、岷縣寶(bao)卷(juan)、楊家將說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)(chang)等入選國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家級非物(wu)質文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺產名錄(lu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)非物(wu)質文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺產重要(yao)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。尤其是寶(bao)卷(juan),是一種綜合文(wen)(wen)(wen)學、音樂、表演于一體的(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)(chang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學,被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)俗文(wen)(wen)(wen)學的(de)(de)“活化(hua)石”。
榜單聲明:中國(guo)(guo)十大非(fei)物質文化(hua)(hua)遺產的(de)(de)(de)民間文學(xue)排行(xing)榜,是Maigoo小編主要依據國(guo)(guo)內國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)非(fei)物質文化(hua)(hua)遺產之民間文學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)、藝術、科學(xue)價(jia)值、傳承情況以及在國(guo)(guo)內地區的(de)(de)(de)影響力等因(yin)素進行(xing)選(xuan)擇(ze),參考聯合國(guo)(guo)教科文組(zu)織評選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)《人類非(fei)物質文化(hua)(hua)遺產代表作名(ming)(ming)錄》和國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院批準(zhun)并公布的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)非(fei)物質文化(hua)(hua)遺產名(ming)(ming)錄,并綜合參考互(hu)聯網相關(guan)排行(xing)榜/榜單進行(xing)推(tui)薦,名(ming)(ming)單僅供參考,排名(ming)(ming)不(bu)分先(xian)后,歡(huan)迎大家在評論區留言補充(chong)。