一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽(qi)車(che)(che)的朋友(you)對ESP（車(che)(che)身電子穩定系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）、ABS（防抱死制(zhi)動(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）、TCS（牽引力控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）等車(che)(che)載系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)不會感到陌生，在新能源車(che)(che)上還有(you)一個非常(chang)重要的系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，它就是BMS（電池管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)），它又叫電池管(guan)家，那么它有(you)什么作(zuo)用(yong)呢？

據(ju)了解，新(xin)能源汽車(che)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管家是(shi)一個很龐(pang)大(da)的(de)軟硬件集(ji)合體，包括傳感器、中(zhong)央處理(li)器、執行(xing)機構等(deng)(deng)，它(ta)的(de)作用主要是(shi)采集(ji)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、溫度、電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)阻等(deng)(deng)數(shu)據(ju)，然后分析數(shu)據(ju)狀態(tai)和(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用環(huan)境(jing)，對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)進行(xing)監測和(he)控制(zhi)，從而保證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組在(zai)安全的(de)工作區間內(nei)，提供車(che)輛控制(zhi)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)必需(xu)信(xin)息，在(zai)出現異常時(shi)及時(shi)響應(ying)并進行(xing)處理(li)，它(ta)也(ye)會根據(ju)環(huan)境(jing)溫度、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態(tai)及車(che)輛需(xu)求等(deng)(deng)決定電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率等(deng)(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電(dian)池管理系統是對電(dian)池進行(xing)監控與(yu)控制(zhi)的系統，將采集的電(dian)池信息實(shi)時反(fan)饋給用戶，同時根據采集的信息調節參數，充分發揮電(dian)池的性能(neng)(neng)，其功(gong)能(neng)(neng)主要(yao)有(you)：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)池狀(zhuang)態(tai)分析(xi)最常見的(de)一(yi)種就(jiu)(jiu)是動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池系統(tong)荷電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)（SOC）估算，SOC其實指的(de)就(jiu)(jiu)是電(dian)池剩余電(dian)量(liang)和電(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)的(de)百(bai)分比。

SOC估算(suan)是BMS的核心(xin)功能，同(tong)時也是評(ping)估電動車續(xu)航里程的主要參數。BMS通過(guo)遍布整個電池(chi)包的傳感器檢測電池(chi)參數（電壓、電流和(he)溫度等）信(xin)息，有的電壓傳感器精度非常高，1mv的變化都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)被識別出來(lai)(lai)，由(you)于(yu)探測的信(xin)息準(zhun)確(que)外(wai)加優(you)秀的算(suan)法處理(li)，電池(chi)的剩余電量就可(ke)以(yi)被非常準(zhun)確(que)的計算(suan)出來(lai)(lai)。

在(zai)日常用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)過程中，車(che)(che)(che)主可(ke)以通過中控屏自主設(she)置SOC，SOC目(mu)(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)可(ke)以理解成車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)量平衡(heng)的目(mu)(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)。當(dang)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)量高于(yu)設(she)置值(zhi)時，系(xi)統動力分配會(hui)優先(xian)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)，降低能耗；當(dang)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)量低于(yu)設(she)置值(zhi)時，車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)行駛時會(hui)有一(yi)部(bu)分動力用(yong)(yong)于(yu)發電(dian)(dian)使電(dian)(dian)量上升，以保證用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度過高或(huo)者過低(di)都會(hui)影響電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)活性，甚至(zhi)會(hui)造(zao)(zao)成不(bu)可逆的(de)(de)(de)(de)物理損傷，最終影響電(dian)(dian)芯壽命，而BMS能夠為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)營造(zao)(zao)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行環境(jing)(jing)。比如在寒冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)效率降低(di)，這個時候BMS會(hui)調(diao)用(yong)(yong)加熱(re)系(xi)統來讓電(dian)(dian)芯升溫(wen)使其(qi)達到(dao)舒適的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)環境(jing)(jing)；如果(guo)在夏季(ji)或(huo)者是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)發熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，BMS會(hui)調(diao)用(yong)(yong)冷卻系(xi)統為電(dian)(dian)芯降溫(wen)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)智能溫(wen)控系(xi)統大大提高電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)(tong)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的單體最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫度、當(dang)(dang)前允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC以及當(dang)(dang)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等信息(xi)與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進(jin)行交互，從而使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)(tong)按照(zhao)適配(pei)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高(gao)(gao)(gao)位(wei)后(hou)，BMS會限制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進(jin)入到“涓流(liu)模式”（使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正飽(bao)和、延(yan)長使(shi)用(yong)壽命），直到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結束最(zui)(zui)后(hou)斷開連(lian)接。

此(ci)外，BMS還會(hui)起(qi)到“均(jun)衡管理”的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單體之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差(cha)，從而(er)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致性。這(zhe)是因(yin)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)由(you)于先天因(yin)素或(huo)者工(gong)作(zuo)溫度不一(yi)致，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓各有(you)不同，所以在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)會(hui)出(chu)現不一(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，比如(ru)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)已經充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卻(que)還沒有(you)充滿。BMS系統可以起(qi)到調(diao)節作(zuo)用，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎(hu)可以同時(shi)完(wan)成，比如(ru)通過(guo)旁(pang)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)其達(da)到和其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，最(zui)終達(da)到整體均(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能(neng)對(dui)故障(zhang)信息進(jin)行分析，通過(guo)相關策略對(dui)電池系統進(jin)行保(bao)護和控制，同(tong)時(shi)讓故障(zhang)燈點(dian)亮以便(bian)提醒(xing)車主。

5、故障診斷

除了通信(xin)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)起(qi)到故障診斷(duan)的功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。BMS會(hui)根據電芯(xin)參數(shu)和電池系(xi)統功(gong)(gong)能(neng)制定相應的故障閾值表(biao)，BMS通過故障閾值表(biao)對電池系(xi)統進行保護并(bing)上報故障類(lei)型，方便后期的故障排查以及檢修維護。