一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)車發展越來越快，但人們對于(yu)動力電池(chi)的安(an)全性一直(zhi)非常在(zai)意，誰都不希(xi)望(wang)自己花錢買(mai)來的電動汽(qi)(qi)車存在(zai)極大的安(an)全風(feng)險(xian)，電池(chi)保(bao)護系統就是(shi)為(wei)了保(bao)護電池(chi)而設計的，俗稱電池(chi)保(bao)姆。

電池管理系統對于電池的保(bao)護，主要是通過(guo)下面兩種方式實現的：

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系(xi)統實時監控每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單元(yuan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫度，通過(guo)(guo)精確的數據監測來確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池工作在設(she)計(ji)的安全(quan)參數范(fan)圍內。當任何關鍵(jian)指標達到或超過(guo)(guo)預(yu)設(she)閾值(zhi)時，BMS會立即采(cai)取應對措施，例如切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源或降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)，從(cong)而(er)避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)(guo)熱、過(guo)(guo)充或過(guo)(guo)放，預(yu)防可能導致的損壞(huai)甚(shen)至安全(quan)事故。

2、BMS電(dian)池管理系(xi)統(tong)具備強大的(de)故障檢測和(he)診斷功能，它(ta)可(ke)以即時識別出電(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)異常行為，如(ru)電(dian)壓不穩、電(dian)流(liu)異常或是溫度突變等，并向駕(jia)駛員(yuan)或維修人員(yuan)發(fa)送警報，這些及時的(de)反饋(kui)可(ke)以幫助(zhu)迅速(su)解(jie)決(jue)潛(qian)在的(de)問題(ti)，從而(er)保障用戶的(de)行車安全(quan)。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電(dian)池保姆對電(dian)池的保護是它(ta)的主(zhu)要(yao)功能之一，一般(ban)電(dian)池管理(li)系(xi)統主(zhu)要(yao)有四大保護功能：

1、過充保護

過充(chong)保護是指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)到(dao)超出合理范(fan)圍(wei)后，會帶來(lai)不確定的(de)(de)危險。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統的(de)(de)過充(chong)保護功能就是實時監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)安全(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍(wei)頂點時，就切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)繼續升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)，從而(er)起到(dao)保護作用(yong)。

新能源(yuan)汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統會實時(shi)監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的每串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，只要有其中一串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到達過(guo)充保護值(zhi)（三元的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默(mo)認(ren)為4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰(li)的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默(mo)認(ren)為3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統就(jiu)會切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，整組鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都停(ting)止充電(dian)(dian)。

2、過放保護

過(guo)放保護是指(zhi)鋰電池(chi)(chi)在放電的(de)過(guo)程中，隨著電壓的(de)下降，如果把電全(quan)部(bu)放完(wan)耗盡，鋰電池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)的(de)化學(xue)材(cai)料(liao)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)失去活性(xing)，導(dao)致(zhi)充不進電或容量下降。而電池(chi)(chi)管理系統的(de)過(guo)放保護功能就(jiu)(jiu)是實時(shi)監測電池(chi)(chi)組的(de)電壓，當放電到電池(chi)(chi)電壓最低點時(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)切(qie)斷電源，防止電壓的(de)繼續(xu)下降，從而起到保護作用。

新能源汽車(che)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統會實時監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的每串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，只要有其(qi)中一串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)到(dao)達(da)過(guo)放(fang)保護值（三元的過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)默認(ren)(ren)為(wei)2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰的過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)默認(ren)(ren)為(wei)2.2V±0.1V），電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統就會切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源，整組鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

3、過流保護

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)給負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會(hui)隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)功(gong)率的(de)變化(hua)而(er)變化(hua)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很大(da)時，容易燒壞保護(hu)板(ban)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或設備。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理(li)系統的(de)過流(liu)保護(hu)功(gong)能就是充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過程中實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超過安全范圍內時，就切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)經(jing)過，防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或設備，從而(er)起到保護(hu)作(zuo)用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實時監測(ce)電(dian)池組電(dian)流，只要到達了設定的過流保護值，電(dian)池管理系統就會切斷(duan)電(dian)源，整組鋰電(dian)池都停止充放電(dian)。

4、溫度保護

電池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統的硬件(jian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的溫(wen)控(kong)探頭是(shi)焊(han)接到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)內部主板(ban)的，不(bu)可(ke)拔(ba)插。溫(wen)控(kong)探頭能實時(shi)監測電池(chi)(chi)(chi)組或(huo)工作(zuo)環境的溫(wen)度變(bian)化，當監測到(dao)溫(wen)度超出設(she)定的值(zhi)（硬件(jian)的溫(wen)控(kong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護默認：充(chong)電-20~55℃，放電-40~75℃，可(ke)根據客(ke)(ke)戶的要求更改，客(ke)(ke)戶不(bu)能自行設(she)置）時(shi)，斷(duan)開(kai)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)組的充(chong)放電，當溫(wen)度恢復(fu)指合(he)理(li)范圍后，才可(ke)繼續充(chong)放電，起到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護作(zuo)用。