一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的
新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)發(fa)展(zhan)越來越快,但人們(men)對于動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)安(an)全性一直(zhi)非常在意(yi),誰(shui)都(dou)不希望自己花錢買(mai)來的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)存在極大的(de)安(an)全風險,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保護系統就(jiu)是為了保護電(dian)(dian)池(chi)而設計(ji)的(de),俗稱電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保姆。
電池管理系統對于電池的(de)保護,主(zhu)要是(shi)通過(guo)下面兩種方式實現(xian)的(de):
1、電池管理系統實時(shi)監(jian)控(kong)每個電池單元的(de)(de)(de)電壓、電流(liu)和溫度,通過精(jing)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)數據監(jian)測來(lai)確(que)保電池工作(zuo)在設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)安全參數范(fan)圍內。當任何關(guan)鍵(jian)指標達到(dao)或(huo)超過預設(she)閾(yu)值時(shi),BMS會立即采取應對措施,例如(ru)切斷(duan)電源或(huo)降低電池的(de)(de)(de)充電和放電速(su)率,從而(er)避免電池過熱、過充或(huo)過放,預防可能導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)損壞甚(shen)至安全事(shi)故。
2、BMS電(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)具備強大的(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)檢測和(he)診斷功能,它可以(yi)即時識別(bie)出電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)異常(chang)行為(wei),如電(dian)(dian)壓不穩(wen)、電(dian)(dian)流異常(chang)或是溫(wen)度突(tu)變等,并(bing)向駕駛(shi)員或維修(xiu)人員發送警報,這些及時的(de)(de)(de)反饋可以(yi)幫助迅速解決潛在的(de)(de)(de)問題,從(cong)而保障(zhang)用戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)行車(che)安(an)全。
二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種
電(dian)池(chi)保姆對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)的保護是它(ta)的主(zhu)要功能之一,一般電(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)統主(zhu)要有四大保護功能:
1、過充保護
過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)護是(shi)指鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中,隨著電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)升(sheng)高到(dao)(dao)超出合理范圍后,會帶來(lai)不確定的(de)(de)危險。而電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統(tong)的(de)(de)過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)護功(gong)能(neng)就是(shi)實(shi)時監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓,當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)到(dao)(dao)安全電(dian)(dian)壓范圍頂點時,就切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源,防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)繼續升(sheng)高,從而起到(dao)(dao)保(bao)護作用。
新能源(yuan)汽車充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統會(hui)實時(shi)(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的每(mei)串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓,只要有其中(zhong)一串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓到達過(guo)充保護值(三元的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)壓默認為4.25V±0.05V,鐵(tie)鋰(li)(li)的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)壓默認為3.75V±0.05V),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統就會(hui)切斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan),整組(zu)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都(dou)停(ting)止充電(dian)(dian)。
2、過放保護
過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)保(bao)護是(shi)指鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)過(guo)(guo)程中,隨著電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)下(xia)降(jiang),如果(guo)把電(dian)(dian)全(quan)部放(fang)(fang)完耗盡(jin),鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部的(de)化學材料就會失去活性(xing),導致充(chong)不進電(dian)(dian)或(huo)容(rong)量下(xia)降(jiang)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統的(de)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)保(bao)護功能就是(shi)實(shi)時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),當放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最低點時(shi),就切斷電(dian)(dian)源,防止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)繼(ji)續下(xia)降(jiang),從(cong)而(er)起到保(bao)護作用。
新能(neng)源汽車放電(dian)(dian)時,電(dian)(dian)池管理(li)系統會實時監測電(dian)(dian)池組的(de)每串電(dian)(dian)壓,只要有(you)其中一串電(dian)(dian)壓到(dao)達過放保護值(三元的(de)過放電(dian)(dian)壓默認為2.7V±0.1V,鐵(tie)鋰的(de)過放電(dian)(dian)壓默認為2.2V±0.1V),電(dian)(dian)池管理(li)系統就會切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)源,整組鋰電(dian)(dian)池都停止放電(dian)(dian)。
3、過流保護
鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在給負載(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和功率(lv)的(de)變(bian)化而(er)變(bian)化,當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很大(da)(da)時,容易燒(shao)壞保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或(huo)設備(bei)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理(li)系統的(de)過流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)功能就是(shi)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過程中(zhong)實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超(chao)過安全范(fan)圍(wei)內時,就切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)經(jing)過,防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)(da)損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或(huo)設備(bei),從而(er)起到保(bao)護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用。
新能源汽車充放電時,電池管理系統會實(shi)時監測電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)電(dian)流,只要(yao)到達了設定的過流保護值,電(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統就會切斷電(dian)源,整組(zu)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)都停止充放電(dian)。
4、溫度保護
電(dian)池管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬件保護(hu)(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)控探頭(tou)是焊接到(dao)保護(hu)(hu)板內部主(zhu)板的(de)(de)(de)(de),不可拔插。溫(wen)控探頭(tou)能實時監測電(dian)池組或工作(zuo)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度變(bian)化,當(dang)監測到(dao)溫(wen)度超出設(she)(she)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)值(硬件的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)控保護(hu)(hu)默認:充電(dian)-20~55℃,放(fang)電(dian)-40~75℃,可根據客(ke)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求更改(gai),客(ke)戶不能自行設(she)(she)置)時,斷(duan)開電(dian)池組的(de)(de)(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian),當(dang)溫(wen)度恢復指合理(li)范圍后,才可繼續充放(fang)電(dian),起到(dao)保護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用。