一、電池管理系統為什么要進行均衡管理
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)甚至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)核心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控部件,對提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)安全(quan)性,延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用壽命,提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組的(de)有效儲能,估算電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量具有重要(yao)意義。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統一般要(yao)求均衡管理,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)為什么呢(ni)?
其(qi)實,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系統之所以需要進行(xing)均衡管(guan)理,是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)BMS是(shi)遵循短(duan)板效應的,因(yin)為(wei)某一節電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓比較低會導致SOX的估算(suan)直接不準,明明其(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)還(huan)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian),但是(shi)確有(you)勁(jing)無(wu)處使,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池包的影響還(huan)是(shi)非常大的。
動力電池在(zai)制作過程中,各個電池內部存在(zai)不一致(zhi)性,在(zai)使用過程中很容易造成電池的(de)過快損(sun)耗,所以在(zai)電池的(de)內部需(xu)要均衡管理系統。
二、電池管理系統均衡管理方法有哪些
電池管理系統均(jun)衡(heng)管理方法主要有被動均(jun)衡(heng)和主動均(jun)衡(heng)兩種:
1、被動均衡
一般采(cai)用旁路放(fang)電阻實現(xian)對高(gao)能量(liang)的(de)電池放(fang)電使其(qi)跟模塊(kuai)中具有最小電量(liang)的(de)單(dan)(dan)體保(bao)持(chi)一致,該方案結構(gou)簡單(dan)(dan),容(rong)易(yi)實現(xian),但由于(yu)每(mei)個單(dan)(dan)體并(bing)聯一個放(fang)電電阻,從(cong)而損耗電能并(bing)產生熱(re)量(liang),給電池系(xi)統熱(re)管(guan)理提出了更高(gao)的(de)要求。
2、主動均衡
通(tong)過儲(chu)能原件實(shi)現不均(jun)衡電池間的(de)能量轉移(yi)。該類方案(an)普遍結構復雜(za),硬(ying)件成本(ben)高,對(dui)系統的(de)可靠(kao)性設計也提出了較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)要求;但(dan)其能量利用率較(jiao)(jiao)高,是目前電池單(dan)體均(jun)衡研究的(de)一(yi)個(ge)熱點。