【蔬菜種子(zi)催芽】哪些蔬菜種子(zi)需要催芽 蔬菜種子(zi)電熱毯催芽法
哪些蔬菜種子需要催芽
1、芹菜:先用清水浸泡種子半天或者一天左右,泡完之后再換清水用手搓洗一遍,然后將種皮搓開晾曬,等水份干之后用濕布包好放在陰涼處進行催芽,等到3天左右(you)就可(ke)以播種了。
2、西芹:這個(ge)要用(yong)48℃的溫水浸(jin)泡(pao)半(ban)小時,浸(jin)泡(pao)完之(zhi)后(hou)再用濕紗布包(bao)褒置于放(fang)在15到(dao)20度的溫度下開始催芽,要記住經常淘洗(xi),等到(dao)一(yi)周至兩周左右后(hou)發芽就可以播種了。
3、木(mu)耳萊(落葵(kui)):首先在(zai)25℃~30℃溫(wen)水中把種(zhong)(zhong)子浸泡1到2天(tian),然后(hou)在(zai)30℃左右(you)溫(wen)度下催芽,大(da)概一(yi)周后(hou)就可以播種(zhong)(zhong)。
4、菠菜(cai):也是用清水浸(jin)泡一(yi)天或半天的時(shi)間,然后把種子(zi)晾于10℃~15℃溫度下進行催芽(ya),過幾天等種(zhong)子發芽(ya)后就可以進行播種(zhong)。
5、萵(wo)苣:萵(wo)苣種(zhong)子的清泡時(shi)間相比來(lai)說比較少,只需(xu)5-10小時(shi)。然后將種(zhong)子取出(chu)放在(zai)5℃左右(you)的低溫下一天(tian)一夜,然后攤在(zai)濕毛(mao)巾(紗布)上,上面(mian)再蓋一層(ceng)紗布保濕,注意(yi),這(zhe)時(shi)候要放在(zai)室內,它屬于見光催芽。等個一兩(liang)天(tian)左右(you)后播(bo)種(zhong),此時(shi)要保持播(bo)種(zhong)的土壤濕潤,以(yi)不蓋土出(chu)苗為好。
6、芫(yan)荽(香菜):在(zai)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)前先(xian)把(ba)香菜的(de)種(zhong)果搓開(kai),跟上述其他(ta)種(zhong)子(zi)一樣用清水泡(pao)半天(tian)或一天(tian)左右(you),泡(pao)完后把(ba)種(zhong)子(zi)放在(zai)20℃~32℃溫度催(cui)芽(ya)(ya),等到(dao)種(zhong)字(zi)發芽(ya)(ya)后就可以進行播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)了。
蔬菜種子(zi)電熱毯催芽法
種子(zi)催芽(ya)是蔬菜(cai)生(sheng)(sheng)產的首要(yao)環節,是育苗(miao)(miao)、栽(zai)培上(shang)的一項(xiang)重(zhong)要(yao)技術措施。它不僅可使 種子(zi)發芽(ya)整齊,縮短(duan)苗(miao)(miao)齡,而且(qie)可以提高身苗(miao)(miao)質量,保證幼苗(miao)(miao)健壯生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。筆者(zhe)多年來(lai)對蔬菜(cai)種子(zi)進行電熱(re)毯催芽(ya),收到了(le)理想的交果。現將電熱(re)毯催芽(ya)的方(fang)法介紹如下,供(gong)菜(cai)農學(xue)習應用參考。
1、 種子消毒
為了提高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子活力(li),促進(jin)發芽,防止因種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子帶菌而造成病蟲危害,催(cui)芽 前應進(jin)行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子消毒處理,方法主要有熱(re)水(shui)燙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)藥(yao)劑浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。①熱(re)水(shui)燙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):燙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前先(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清水(shui)清洗種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,再用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)55-600C的(de)熱(re)水(shui)燙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)10-15分鐘(zhong)。注意(yi)要邊(bian)燙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邊(bian)攪攔(lan)以使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子受(shou)熱(re)均勻。②藥(yao)劑浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前先(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清水(shui)浸(jin)(jin)泡1小時(shi),要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)液(ye)進(jin)行浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.1%-0.35%高錳酸鉀溶(rong)液(ye)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20分鐘(zhong)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1%硫(liu)酸銅,2%氫(qing)氧(yang)化鈉溶(rong)液(ye)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5-15分鐘(zhong)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.2%的(de)50%多(duo)菌靈(ling)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20-30分鐘(zhong)或(huo)0.125甲霜靈(ling)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30分鐘(zhong)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.1%的(de)60%防霉寶加(jia)0.1%平平加(jia)溶(rong)液(ye)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)60分鐘(zhong)。以上兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)消毒方法在達到(dao)規定時(shi)間后,應取(qu)出(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子進(jin)行清洗、浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、催(cui)芽。
2、 清水浸種
浸種時(shi)間應根據蔬(shu)菜種類而不同一般而言番茄、黃(huang)瓜(gua)、西(xi)(xi)葫蘆、菜豆等浸種2小時(shi),辣椒、茄子浸種4-5小時(shi),苦瓜(gua)、西(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)浸種24-36小時(shi)。浸種時(shi)可(ke)稍加搓洗(xi),以除去雜(za)質及附屬物。
3、 電熱(re)毯催芽
先鋪(pu)(pu)電熱(re)毯(tan),再將(jiang)塑料薄(bo)(bo)(bo)膜(薄(bo)(bo)(bo)膜面積(ji)是電熱(re)毯(tan)面積(ji)的2倍以上)鋪(pu)(pu) 在電熱(re)毯(tan)上,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)毛(mao)(mao)巾在清水中搓(cuo)洗(xi)干凈擰干,平鋪(pu)(pu)于薄(bo)(bo)(bo)膜表面;將(jiang)經過處理后(hou)(hou)的種(zhong)子瀝(li)干,均勻鋪(pu)(pu)在濕毛(mao)(mao)巾上,折疊毛(mao)(mao)巾或(huo)(huo)用(yong)其他濕毛(mao)(mao)巾輕(qing)輕(qing)蓋于種(zhong)子表南;用(yong)另一半(ban)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)膜折疊鋪(pu)(pu)在毛(mao)(mao)巾上,薄(bo)(bo)(bo)膜上再加蓋毛(mao)(mao)巾被(bei)、毛(mao)(mao)毯(tan)或(huo)(huo)毛(mao)(mao)草等覆(fu)蓋物保溫,覆(fu)蓋完畢后(hou)(hou)通電;每(mei)天早晚(wan)用(yong)毛(mao)(mao)巾包裹好(hao)種(zhong)子進行淘洗(xi),瀝(li)干后(hou)(hou)繼續進行電熱(re)毯(tan)催芽(ya),直至種(zhong)子發芽(ya)為止。
4、 適用范圍
①適用于(yu)菜豆、豇(jiang)豆、西瓜、苦瓜、黃瓜、茄子、辣椒、糯(nuo)玉等種子的催芽;
②適用于(yu)大量(liang)種(zhong)子、小中型農(nong)場、西瓜基(ji)地等的催芽、育苗。
5、 注意事(shi)項
①熱水燙種一定要不斷攪攔,以免燙傷、燙死種子;
②進行(xing)操作時(shi)要先斷電,完(wan)畢(bi)后再行(xing)通電;③種(zhong)子發(fa)芽露白(bai)達50%以上時(shi)及時(shi)播(bo)種(zhong)。
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