蔬菜種子怎么分類

十字花科：蘿卜、蕪菁(jing)、蕪菁(jing)甘藍(lan)、芥藍(lan)、結球(qiu)甘藍(lan)、抱(bao)子甘藍(lan)、羽(yu)衣(yi)甘藍(lan)、花椰菜(cai)、青花菜(cai)、球(qiu)莖甘藍(lan)、小(xiao)白菜(cai)、結球(qiu)白菜(cai)、葉用芥菜(cai)、莖用芥菜(cai)、芽用芥菜(cai)、根(gen)用芥菜(cai)、辣根(gen)、豆瓣菜(cai)、薺菜(cai)。

豆科：豆(dou)(dou)(dou)薯(shu)、菜(cai)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、豌豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、蠶豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、菜(cai)用大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、扁豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、刀(dao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、矮刀(dao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、苜蓿。

傘形科：芹(qin)菜、根芹(qin)、水(shui)芹(qin)、芫荽、胡(hu)蘿卜(bu)、小茴香等。

唇形科：薄荷、荊芥、羅勒(le)、草石蠶。

茄科：馬鈴(ling)薯、茄(qie)子(zi)、番茄(qie)、辣(la)椒、香艷茄(qie)、酸漿。

葫蘆科：黃瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、甜(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、南(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)（中國(guo)南(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)）、筍瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)（印度南(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)）、西葫蘆(lu)（美洲南(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)）、西瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、冬瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、瓠瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)（葫蘆(lu)）、普(pu)通(tong)絲瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)（有棱絲瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)）、苦瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、佛手瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、蛇瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)。

菊科：萵(wo)(wo)(wo)苣(ju)（萵(wo)(wo)(wo)筍、長葉萵(wo)(wo)(wo)苣(ju)、皺葉萵(wo)(wo)(wo)苣(ju)、結球萵(wo)(wo)(wo)苣(ju)）、茼蒿、菊芋、苦苣(ju)、紫背天葵、牛蒡、朝鮮薊。

根菜類蔬菜：又分(fen)肉質根(gen)菜(cai)(cai)類(lei)(lei)和塊根(gen)菜(cai)(cai)類(lei)(lei)。前者包括蘿卜、胡(hu)蘿卜、大(da)頭菜(cai)(cai)、蕪箐(qing)(qing)、蕪箐(qing)(qing)甘藍(lan)、根(gen)用甜菜(cai)(cai)等(deng)；塊根(gen)菜(cai)(cai)類(lei)(lei)有豆(dou)薯、葛等(deng)。

芽菜類蔬菜：如豌豆芽、喬麥芽、苜蓿芽、蘿卜芽等。【詳細】

該圖片由注冊用戶"大吉大利"提供，版權聲明反饋

蔬菜種子選購方法

如何選購蔬菜種子

1、不要(yao)盲目求新

每一(yi)個地區都(dou)有(you)幾(ji)個常規大(da)量栽培的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，它們適應性強、高(gao)產抗病(bing)，很受市場歡迎(ying)。但有(you)些菜(cai)農總認為買新奇品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)好(hao)(hao)，其實(shi)恰恰相反，沒有(you)經過試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，極易失敗。一(yi)定要選自己已種(zhong)(zhong)過或(huo)別(bie)人種(zhong)(zhong)過多年的好(hao)(hao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)才行。要種(zhong)(zhong)新奇品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，必須經過2—3年小面(mian)積(ji)(ji)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)后再大(da)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)植。

2、買種不(bu)能圖便宜

目前市場上銷售的種子很多都是雜交一(yi)代(dai)(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)，二代(dai)(dai)留種(zhong)(zhong)就嚴重分離退化(hua)減產(chan)(chan)。而有(you)些雜交一(yi)代(dai)(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)價格(ge)高(gao)，有(you)些種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)商看到有(you)利可圖，就用二代(dai)(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)或其(qi)他種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)代(dai)(dai)替而低價銷售，給生產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)造成巨大損失(shi)。所以買(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)不能(neng)光(guang)看說明書(shu)和(he)包裝，也要(yao)看銷售者(zhe)的信譽度再買(mai)。

3、購種時應注意(yi)三看

一要(yao)(yao)看(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)包(bao)裝袋。現在市場上(shang)(shang)經(jing)銷的(de)(de)(de)蔬菜瓜果種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)都實(shi)行了小(xiao)(xiao)包(bao)裝，要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇包(bao)裝美觀大(da)方(fang)，有商標(biao)及信譽較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)包(bao)裝種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。要(yao)(yao)看(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)袋上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)圖形和(he)字(zi)跡(ji)是否(fou)清(qing)晰，袋上(shang)(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱、產地(di)(di)(di)、凈(jing)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)營許可證編號、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)指標(biao)、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說明(ming)、檢疫證明(ming)編號、生(sheng)產單位及聯系(xi)地(di)(di)(di)址(zhi)、聯系(xi)方(fang)式、生(sheng)產年月等內(nei)(nei)容是否(fou)齊全(quan)、明(ming)確。不(bu)要(yao)(yao)購(gou)買包(bao)裝效(xiao)果差(cha)，字(zi)跡(ji)模糊不(bu)清(qing)，袋上(shang)(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)內(nei)(nei)容不(bu)標(biao)準(zhun)、不(bu)正規、不(bu)明(ming)確的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。二要(yao)(yao)看(kan)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介紹和(he)栽培技(ji)術。任何品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)適應(ying)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)和(he)適應(ying)季(ji)節，要(yao)(yao)認真查看(kan)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介紹和(he)了解(jie)栽培技(ji)術，以便根(gen)據(ju)當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)自然條件、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植管理水平選(xuan)擇對(dui)路品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，決定(ding)購(gou)買數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。三要(yao)(yao)看(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。購(gou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時應(ying)查看(kan)一下包(bao)裝袋內(nei)(nei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)情況。一般質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)凈(jing)度較高(gao)，沒有雜質(zhi)，如小(xiao)(xiao)土塊及其他種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)顏(yan)色、粒型、大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)均勻一致，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表皮富(fu)有光澤、新鮮，有些種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)還具有特殊的(de)(de)(de)味道，如辣椒(jiao)、芹(qin)菜等新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)比陳(chen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)味道濃。另外，還要(yao)(yao)向(xiang)售(shou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單位索(suo)取注(zhu)明(ming)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱、數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、價格，具售(shou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單位公章的(de)(de)(de)發票。

4、選(xuan)購種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)時不要被(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)商忽悠

大(da)多(duo)數種(zhong)(zhong)子商喜歡(huan)推廣新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，因(yin)為新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)利潤高，但有(you)些新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)只是老(lao)(lao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)類似的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)換個包裝(zhuang)和名稱而(er)已。因(yin)此建議在購(gou)種(zhong)(zhong)時要以(yi)老(lao)(lao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為主(zhu)，少量購(gou)買新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)，這樣(yang)不至于上(shang)當受(shou)騙。

蔬菜種子選購注意

1、要保存好(hao)購買種子時的發票。

2、要及時拆開一袋做一下發(fa)芽率。如芽率不好(hao)的(de)，要及時與(yu)購種單位聯系，請求退貨或(huo)調換(huan)。

3、要注意保存種子。可將購買的種子放入布袋內，吊掛在陰涼通風處；也可將袋裝種子或用剩的種子重新密封好后放入冰箱或冷藏室保存。【蔬菜種子儲存方法】

4、種子播種后要保留一定的樣品和包裝袋，萬一種子質量有問題，種子播種后不能復原，可以此取得證據。【詳細】

蔬菜種子播種方法

蔬菜種子播種原則

1、計算播種量

按(an)大(da)田用苗量、種子發芽率及(ji)成苗率，略有多(duo)(duo)余的原則播(bo)種，以免過多(duo)(duo)造成浪費。

2、種子處理

種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)前曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)1～2天，對種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)進行(xing)消毒，以(yi)殺滅種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)攜(xie)帶的病原菌，可采(cai)用溫湯(tang)浸種(zhong)(zhong)法、熱水(shui)燙(tang)種(zhong)(zhong)法或藥劑(ji)消毒法，簡(jian)便常用的方法是(shi)溫湯(tang)浸種(zhong)(zhong)法，用5～6倍55℃左右的溫水(shui)浸種(zhong)(zhong)，不斷攪(jiao)拌(ban)，保(bao)持水(shui)溫10～15分(fen)鐘，即可讓水(shui)溫降低繼續浸種(zhong)(zhong)。

3、浸種催芽

以提(ti)高出(chu)苗率及整齊度(du)，不(bu)同的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)種類種子的(de)浸種催(cui)芽(ya)時間及溫(wen)度(du)均不(bu)同，如喜歡高溫(wen)的(de)西甜(tian)瓜等(deng)蔬(shu)菜(cai)品種一般(ban)為(wei)浸種12小時，要求(qiu)在(zai)30℃左(zuo)右溫(wen)度(du)催(cui)芽(ya)30小時左(zuo)右發芽(ya)后再播種，而夏秋高溫(wen)季節(jie)播種喜冷涼的(de)芹菜(cai)、香菜(cai)等(deng)蔬(shu)菜(cai)則要求(qiu)在(zai)20℃左(zuo)右溫(wen)度(du)催(cui)芽(ya)24小時左(zuo)右再播種。

4、整平苗床

鋪好營養土，提前澆足底水，種子晾干后均勻撒播在苗床上，西甜瓜等穴播的要求芽眼朝下，覆蓋上適量的營養土，再蓋上稻草、地膜或遮陽網即可。掌握出苗前保持較高的溫度，出苗后及時降低溫度，防止徒長。【詳細】

蔬菜種子種植時間表

【詳細】

蔬菜種子催芽方法

1、芹菜：清水浸種12～24小時，再(zai)用清水沖洗(xi)并用手(shou)揉搓(cuo)，將種皮(pi)搓(cuo)開(kai)后，攤開(kai)晾種。待種子(zi)水分稍干后，用濕布包好，置(zhi)20℃左右的陰涼處催芽，3～4天后即可播種。

2、西芹：用48℃溫(wen)水浸種(zhong)30分鐘，然后(hou)(hou)用濕(shi)紗布包(bao)褒(bao)置于(yu)15～20℃溫(wen)度(du)下催芽，并經常(chang)淘洗，7～12天后(hou)(hou)種(zhong)子發(fa)芽時即可播(bo)種(zhong)。

3、木耳萊：在25℃～30℃溫水中浸種(zhong)(zhong)1～2天(tian)，井(jing)在30℃左右溫度(du)下催芽(ya)，可在7天(tian)左右出苗播種(zhong)(zhong)。

4、菠菜：清水浸(jin)種(zhong)12～24小時(shi)，在水中充分攪拌，于(yu)10℃～15℃溫度下(xia)催芽(ya)，3～4天后(hou)大部分種(zhong)子(zi)發芽(ya)時(shi)即可播種(zhong)。

5、萵苣：種子清洗(xi)后(hou)浸種5～10小(xiao)時，取出(chu)置于5℃低(di)溫下一(yi)晝夜，然(ran)后(hou)攤(tan)在濕(shi)毛巾（紗(sha)布）上(shang)，上(shang)面再(zai)蓋一(yi)層(ceng)紗(sha)布保濕(shi)，室(shi)內(nei)見光催芽，1～2天后(hou)播(bo)種，播(bo)后(hou)保持土(tu)壤濕(shi)潤(run)，以不蓋土(tu)出(chu)苗為好。

6、香菜：播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前先把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果搓開，清(qing)水(shui)浸12～24小時，置20℃～32℃溫度催芽，待大(da)部分種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發芽后即可(ke)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

7、空心菜：50℃～55℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)中浸種(zhong)，不(bu)斷(duan)攪拌至(zhi)水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)30℃時(shi)，保(bao)持恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)浸種(zhong)5～10小時(shi)，后(hou)取出用濕布包好，在(zai)20℃～25℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度下催(cui)芽，待大(da)部(bu)分種(zhong)子萌發(fa)后(hou)播種(zhong)，播后(hou)需覆蓋保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。

8、胡蘿卜：選用優質新種子，搓去刺毛，創(chuang)造良好的發芽(ya)條件(jian)。發芽(ya)后即可(ke)播種。

9、碗豆：選用優質新種子，用25℃～30℃溫水浸種1～2天，置于20℃～30℃溫度下催芽，大部分種子發芽后即可播種。【詳細】

紙上種菜的種子有哪些

如黑豆芽苗菜、紅豆、黃豆、綠豆芽苗菜、大葉香菜、空心菜、蘿卜芽菜、蕎麥芽菜苗、小白菜、小麥草、油菜苗、苜蓿、香椿、豌豆、蕓松等等，這些種子只需要水，鋪上一層紙就可以長出蔬菜。【詳細】