一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車的朋友對ESP（車身電(dian)子穩(wen)定系統）、ABS（防抱死制動系統）、TCS（牽(qian)引力控制系統）等車載系統不會感到陌(mo)生，在新能(neng)源車上還有一(yi)個非常重要(yao)的系統，它(ta)就(jiu)是(shi)BMS（電(dian)池管(guan)理系統），它(ta)又叫電(dian)池管(guan)家，那么(me)它(ta)有什么(me)作用呢？

據了(le)解(jie)，新能源汽車(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管家是(shi)一(yi)個很龐大的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟硬件集(ji)合體(ti)，包括傳感(gan)器、中(zhong)央處理器、執行(xing)機構等(deng)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)主要(yao)是(shi)采集(ji)動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、溫度、電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)阻等(deng)數(shu)據，然(ran)后分析數(shu)據狀態和電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)環境，對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)過程進行(xing)監測和控制(zhi)，從而保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組在安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作區(qu)間內，提供(gong)車(che)輛控制(zhi)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)需信息，在出(chu)現異常時(shi)及(ji)時(shi)響應并進行(xing)處理，它也會(hui)根據環境溫度、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態及(ji)車(che)輛需求等(deng)決定電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)功率等(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電(dian)池管理系統是對電(dian)池進行監控與控制的系統，將采集(ji)的電(dian)池信(xin)息(xi)(xi)實時(shi)反饋給用戶(hu)，同時(shi)根據采集(ji)的信(xin)息(xi)(xi)調(diao)節參數，充分發揮電(dian)池的性(xing)能，其功能主(zhu)要有：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態(tai)分(fen)析最常見的(de)一種就(jiu)是動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統荷(he)電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)（SOC）估算，SOC其(qi)實(shi)指的(de)就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)量(liang)和電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)的(de)百分(fen)比(bi)。

SOC估(gu)算(suan)(suan)是BMS的(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心功能，同時也(ye)是評估(gu)電(dian)動車續航里程的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)。BMS通過遍布(bu)整個(ge)電(dian)池(chi)包的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳感(gan)器(qi)檢(jian)測電(dian)池(chi)參(can)數(shu)（電(dian)壓、電(dian)流和溫度等）信息(xi)，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓傳感(gan)器(qi)精度非(fei)(fei)常(chang)高，1mv的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化都可以(yi)被識(shi)別出(chu)來，由于探測的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)準確(que)外加優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)算(suan)(suan)法處(chu)理(li)，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余電(dian)量就可以(yi)被非(fei)(fei)常(chang)準確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)出(chu)來。

在(zai)日常用車(che)(che)過程中(zhong)，車(che)(che)主可以(yi)(yi)通過中(zhong)控(kong)屏自主設置(zhi)SOC，SOC目標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)可以(yi)(yi)理解成車(che)(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)平衡(heng)的目標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)。當車(che)(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)高于設置(zhi)值(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，系統動(dong)力(li)分(fen)配會優先用電，降低能耗；當車(che)(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)低于設置(zhi)值(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，車(che)(che)輛(liang)行駛(shi)時(shi)會有(you)一(yi)部分(fen)動(dong)力(li)用于發電使(shi)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)上升，以(yi)(yi)保證用電需要(yao)。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過高或者過低(di)都(dou)會(hui)(hui)影響電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)活性(xing)，甚至(zhi)會(hui)(hui)造(zao)(zao)成不(bu)可逆的(de)物理損傷，最終影響電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)壽命，而(er)BMS能夠為(wei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)營(ying)造(zao)(zao)良好的(de)運行環(huan)境。比如在(zai)寒冷的(de)地(di)區，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效率降低(di)，這(zhe)個時候BMS會(hui)(hui)調用(yong)加熱系(xi)統(tong)來讓電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)升溫(wen)(wen)使其達(da)到舒(shu)適的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)環(huan)境；如果在(zai)夏季或者是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)發熱的(de)情況下(xia)，BMS會(hui)(hui)調用(yong)冷卻(que)系(xi)統(tong)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)降溫(wen)(wen)，利用(yong)智能溫(wen)(wen)控系(xi)統(tong)大(da)大(da)提高電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)使用(yong)壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的單體(ti)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最高總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最高溫(wen)度、當前(qian)允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC以及當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等信息與充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備進行交互，從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統按(an)照適配的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高位后，BMS會限制充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進入到(dao)“涓(juan)流(liu)模式”（使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正飽和(he)、延長(chang)使用壽命），直到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程結束最后斷開連(lian)接。

此外，BMS還會起到(dao)“均(jun)衡管理”的(de)(de)作用(yong)，減小電(dian)(dian)池單(dan)體(ti)之間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差，從(cong)而保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)一致性。這是因(yin)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)由于先天因(yin)素或者工作溫度(du)不一致，導致電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)各有(you)不同，所以(yi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)里(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)會出現(xian)不一致的(de)(de)情(qing)況，比(bi)如(ru)有(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)已經(jing)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)了(le)，有(you)的(de)(de)卻還沒有(you)充(chong)滿(man)。BMS系統(tong)可(ke)以(yi)起到(dao)調節(jie)作用(yong)，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)幾乎可(ke)以(yi)同時完成，比(bi)如(ru)通(tong)過(guo)旁路電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)放電(dian)(dian)，使(shi)(shi)其達到(dao)和其他電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)相同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，最終達到(dao)整體(ti)均(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能(neng)對(dui)故障信息進(jin)(jin)行分析，通過相(xiang)關策略對(dui)電池系統進(jin)(jin)行保護(hu)和控(kong)制，同時讓故障燈點亮以便提醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除了通(tong)信功能(neng)(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)(neng)起到故障(zhang)診斷的(de)功能(neng)(neng)。BMS會根(gen)據(ju)電芯(xin)參(can)數(shu)和電池(chi)系統功能(neng)(neng)制定相應的(de)故障(zhang)閾值表，BMS通(tong)過(guo)故障(zhang)閾值表對電池(chi)系統進行(xing)保護(hu)(hu)并上報故障(zhang)類型，方便(bian)后期的(de)故障(zhang)排查以及檢修維護(hu)(hu)。