一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟(shu)悉汽(qi)車(che)(che)的朋友對ESP（車(che)(che)身電(dian)子穩定系統(tong)(tong)(tong)）、ABS（防抱死制(zhi)動系統(tong)(tong)(tong)）、TCS（牽引力控制(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)）等車(che)(che)載系統(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)會感到陌(mo)生，在新能(neng)源車(che)(che)上還有一個非常重(zhong)要的系統(tong)(tong)(tong)，它就(jiu)是BMS（電(dian)池管理(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)），它又叫電(dian)池管家，那么(me)它有什(shen)么(me)作用呢？

據了解，新(xin)能(neng)源汽車(che)上的電(dian)池管家是一(yi)個(ge)很龐大的軟硬件集合體，包括(kuo)傳感器(qi)、中央處(chu)理器(qi)、執(zhi)行機構等，它的作(zuo)用主(zhu)要(yao)是采集動力電(dian)池系統的電(dian)壓、溫度、電(dian)流、電(dian)阻等數(shu)據，然后分(fen)析數(shu)據狀(zhuang)態(tai)和(he)電(dian)池使用環(huan)境，對電(dian)池系統充(chong)放電(dian)過程進行監測和(he)控(kong)制，從而保證電(dian)池組在安全(quan)的工作(zuo)區(qu)間內，提供車(che)輛控(kong)制所需(xu)的必需(xu)信息，在出現異常(chang)時及時響(xiang)應(ying)并進行處(chu)理，它也會(hui)根據環(huan)境溫度、電(dian)池狀(zhuang)態(tai)及車(che)輛需(xu)求等決定電(dian)池的充(chong)放電(dian)功率等。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電(dian)池管理系(xi)統(tong)是對(dui)電(dian)池進行監控與控制的(de)系(xi)統(tong)，將采集(ji)的(de)電(dian)池信息(xi)實時反饋給用戶，同(tong)時根(gen)據采集(ji)的(de)信息(xi)調節參數，充分(fen)發揮電(dian)池的(de)性能(neng)，其功(gong)能(neng)主要有：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)池狀態分(fen)析最常(chang)見的一種就是動(dong)力電(dian)池系統荷電(dian)狀態（SOC）估算，SOC其(qi)實(shi)指的就是電(dian)池剩余電(dian)量和電(dian)池容量的百分(fen)比。

SOC估(gu)算(suan)是BMS的(de)(de)(de)核心功能，同時也是評估(gu)電(dian)動車續航里程的(de)(de)(de)主要參(can)數(shu)。BMS通過遍布整(zheng)個電(dian)池(chi)包的(de)(de)(de)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)檢測(ce)電(dian)池(chi)參(can)數(shu)（電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流和(he)溫度(du)等）信(xin)息，有的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)精度(du)非常(chang)高，1mv的(de)(de)(de)變化都(dou)可(ke)以被識別(bie)出來，由于探(tan)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息準(zhun)確外加優秀的(de)(de)(de)算(suan)法處理，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)剩余電(dian)量就可(ke)以被非常(chang)準(zhun)確的(de)(de)(de)計算(suan)出來。

在日常用車(che)(che)過(guo)程中，車(che)(che)主(zhu)可以通過(guo)中控屏自主(zhu)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)SOC，SOC目標值可以理(li)解成車(che)(che)輛電(dian)(dian)量平衡的目標值。當車(che)(che)輛電(dian)(dian)量高于(yu)(yu)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)值時(shi)，系統動力分(fen)配會優(you)先用電(dian)(dian)，降(jiang)低能(neng)耗；當車(che)(che)輛電(dian)(dian)量低于(yu)(yu)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)值時(shi)，車(che)(che)輛行駛時(shi)會有一部分(fen)動力用于(yu)(yu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)使電(dian)(dian)量上升(sheng)，以保證(zheng)用電(dian)(dian)需要(yao)。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)溫度(du)過(guo)高(gao)或者過(guo)低都(dou)會(hui)影(ying)(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)活(huo)性，甚至會(hui)造成不可逆的(de)物理損傷，最終影(ying)(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)，而BMS能(neng)夠為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)營(ying)造良好(hao)的(de)運(yun)行環境。比(bi)如在寒冷的(de)地(di)區，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率降低，這個時候BMS會(hui)調(diao)用加熱系(xi)統來讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)升溫使其達到舒適的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環境；如果在夏季或者是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發熱的(de)情況下(xia)，BMS會(hui)調(diao)用冷卻系(xi)統為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)降溫，利用智(zhi)能(neng)溫控(kong)系(xi)統大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)使用壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會(hui)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的單體最(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最(zui)高(gao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)度、當(dang)前允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以及當(dang)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等信息與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進行(xing)交互(hu)，從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統按照適配的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高(gao)位后，BMS會(hui)限制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進入到“涓流模(mo)式”（使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)真(zhen)正飽和(he)(he)、延長使用壽(shou)命(ming)），直(zhi)到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程結束最(zui)后斷開連接。

此外，BMS還(huan)(huan)會起到(dao)“均(jun)衡管理”的(de)作用(yong)(yong)，減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差，從而保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)一致(zhi)性(xing)。這是(shi)因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)由于先天因素或者(zhe)工作溫度不一致(zhi)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)各有不同，所以(yi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會出現(xian)不一致(zhi)的(de)情(qing)況，比如(ru)有的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)已經充滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有的(de)卻還(huan)(huan)沒有充滿(man)。BMS系(xi)統可以(yi)起到(dao)調節作用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可以(yi)同時完成，比如(ru)通過旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較高的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)其達到(dao)和(he)其他(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)相同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，最終達到(dao)整體均(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還(huan)能對(dui)(dui)故障(zhang)信息進行分析，通(tong)過相關策(ce)略對(dui)(dui)電池系統進行保(bao)護(hu)和控制，同時讓故障(zhang)燈點亮以便(bian)提醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除了通信功能(neng)外，BMS還(huan)能(neng)起到故(gu)(gu)障診斷(duan)的功能(neng)。BMS會根(gen)據電(dian)芯參數(shu)和電(dian)池系統功能(neng)制定相應的故(gu)(gu)障閾(yu)值(zhi)表，BMS通過故(gu)(gu)障閾(yu)值(zhi)表對(dui)電(dian)池系統進行保(bao)護并上報故(gu)(gu)障類型，方便后期的故(gu)(gu)障排查以及檢(jian)修維護。