電動汽車蓄電池容量一般是多少
一般(ban)家用汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)為54-60Ah之間,汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)表示在一定條件下(放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)、溫度(du)、終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)放(fang)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。一般(ban)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)容量(liang)單位為Ah,例如容量(liang)為60Ah的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)如果連續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為1A,那么它(ta)可連續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)60小時(shi)。基于國(guo)家GB標準,以型號為6-QAW-54a的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為例:
1、6表示(shi)由6個(ge)單(dan)(dan)格(ge)電(dian)池組成,每個(ge)單(dan)(dan)格(ge)電(dian)池電(dian)壓為(wei)2V,即額定電(dian)壓為(wei)12V。
2、Q表(biao)示蓄電池(chi)(chi)的用途,Q為汽車啟動(dong)用蓄電池(chi)(chi)。
3、A表(biao)示干荷型(xing)蓄電池。
4、W表(biao)示免維(wei)護型蓄電池(chi),若不標表(biao)示普(pu)通型蓄電池(chi)。
5、54:表示(shi)蓄電池的額定容量(liang)為54Ah。
6、角(jiao)標a:表示(shi)對原產品(pin)的第一次(ci)改進。
7、角標b表示第二次改(gai)進,依次類(lei)推。
8、注:型號后加(jia)D表(biao)示低溫(wen)啟動性能好,如6-QA-110D。
電動汽車蓄電池性能參數
1、電動勢
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)動勢,又稱電(dian)(dian)池(chi)標準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)壓或理論電(dian)(dian)壓,為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)斷(duan)路時正負兩極間的電(dian)(dian)位差。
2、額定電壓
額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(或公(gong)稱電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)),系(xi)指該(gai)電(dian)(dian)化(hua)學體系(xi)的電(dian)(dian)池工作時公(gong)認的標(biao)準電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
3、開路電壓
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的開路電(dian)(dian)壓是無負(fu)荷情況(kuang)下的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓。開路電(dian)(dian)壓不等于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)。必須(xu)指出(chu),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)是從熱(re)力學函數(shu)計算而得到的,而電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的開路電(dian)(dian)壓則是實(shi)際測(ce)量出(chu)來的。
4、工作電壓
指蓄電池在某負載(zai)下實際的放電電壓,通(tong)常是指一個(ge)電壓范圍(wei)。
5、充電電壓
指外(wai)電(dian)路直流電(dian)壓(ya)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)的電(dian)壓(ya)。一(yi)般的充電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)要大于電(dian)池(chi)的開路電(dian)壓(ya),通(tong)常在一(yi)定(ding)的范圍(wei)內。
6、內阻
蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)包(bao)括:正負(fu)極板的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),隔板的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和連接(jie)體(ti)的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)等。
7、正負極電阻
目前普遍使(shi)用(yong)的(de)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池正、負(fu)極板為涂膏式,由鉛(qian)銻合金或(huo)鉛(qian)鈣(gai)合金板柵(zha)架和活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)兩部分(fen)構成。因此,極板電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)也由板柵(zha)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)組成。板柵(zha)在活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)內層,充放電(dian)(dian)時,不(bu)會發(fa)生化學變化,所(suo)以它的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是(shi)板柵(zha)的(de)固有(you)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是(shi)隨著電(dian)(dian)池充放電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態的(de)不(bu)同而變化的(de)。
8、電解液電阻
電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)視其濃(nong)度(du)不同(tong)而(er)異。在(zai)規定(ding)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)范圍內(nei)一(yi)旦選定(ding)某一(yi)濃(nong)度(du)后,電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)將隨充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)程(cheng)度(du)而(er)變。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi),在(zai)極板(ban)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質還原的(de)同(tong)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)濃(nong)度(du)增加,其電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)下(xia)降;蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)時(shi),在(zai)極板(ban)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質硫酸化的(de)同(tong)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)濃(nong)度(du)下(xia)降,其電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)增加。
9、隔板電阻
隔(ge)板(ban)的電(dian)阻視其孔率而異,新電(dian)池(chi)的隔(ge)板(ban)電(dian)阻是趨于一個(ge)固定(ding)值,但隨(sui)電(dian)池(chi)運行(xing)時間的延長,其電(dian)阻有(you)所(suo)增(zeng)加。因(yin)為,電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)運行(xing)過程中(zhong)有(you)些鉛渣和其他沉積(ji)物(wu)在(zai)隔(ge)板(ban)上,使(shi)得隔(ge)板(ban)孔率有(you)所(suo)下(xia)降(jiang)而增(zeng)加了電(dian)阻。
10、連接體電阻
連(lian)(lian)接體包(bao)括單體電(dian)(dian)池串聯時連(lian)(lian)接條等金屬(shu)的固有電(dian)(dian)阻,電(dian)(dian)池極板間的連(lian)(lian)接電(dian)(dian)阻,以及(ji)正、負極板組成極群的連(lian)(lian)接體的金屬(shu)電(dian)(dian)阻,若焊接和連(lian)(lian)接接觸良好(hao),連(lian)(lian)接體電(dian)(dian)阻可視為一固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)阻。
11、容量
電池(chi)的容(rong)量(liang)單位(wei)為(wei)庫侖(lun)(C)或安時(Ah)。理論容(rong)量(liang)指(zhi)根(gen)據(ju)參(can)加電化(hua)學反應的活性物質電化(hua)學當(dang)量(liang)數計算得到的電量(liang)。額定(ding)(ding)容(rong)量(liang)指(zhi)在設計和生產電池(chi)時,規定(ding)(ding)或保證在指(zhi)定(ding)(ding)放(fang)(fang)電條(tiao)件下電池(chi)應該(gai)放(fang)(fang)出(chu)(chu)的最低限度的電量(liang)。實際容(rong)量(liang)指(zhi)在一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的放(fang)(fang)電條(tiao)件下,即在一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的放(fang)(fang)電電流(liu)和溫度下,電池(chi)在終止電壓前所能放(fang)(fang)出(chu)(chu)的電量(liang)。
12、比能量
電池的輸出能量是指在一定的放電條件下,蓄電池所(suo)能作出的(de)(de)電(dian)功(gong),它等于電(dian)池的(de)(de)放電(dian)容量(liang)和電(dian)池平均工作電(dian)壓的(de)(de)乘積,其單位常用瓦(wa)時(Wh)表示。
13、壽命
電池的(de)(de)壽(shou)(shou)命有(you)“干貯(zhu)存壽(shou)(shou)命”和“濕(shi)貯(zhu)存壽(shou)(shou)命”兩個(ge)概念(nian)。必(bi)須指(zhi)出,這(zhe)兩個(ge)概念(nian)僅是針對(dui)電池自放電大小(xiao)而言的(de)(de),并非(fei)電池的(de)(de)實際使用期(qi)限。電池的(de)(de)真正壽(shou)(shou)命是指(zhi)電池實際使用的(de)(de)時(shi)間長短。
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