寺廟歷史
顯通寺(si)(si)始建(jian)(jian)于東漢(han)明帝永平年(nian)間(公元(yuan)58年(nian)-公元(yuan)75年(nian)),相傳白馬寺(si)(si)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)以后,兩位天竺(zhu)高僧(seng)邇葉摩(mo)騰、竺(zhu)法蘭(lan)從洛陽來到五(wu)臺(tai)山,建(jian)(jian)起了這(zhe)座寺(si)(si)院,取名大(da)孚靈(ling)鷺寺(si)(si),世稱“中國(guo)第二古寺(si)(si)”,它與(yu)洛陽白馬寺(si)(si)同為(wei)中國(guo)最早的寺(si)(si)廟之一;2003-2004年(nian)9月,再次改擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)工程完工,新建(jian)(jian)的大(da)雄寶殿建(jian)(jian)筑面積達999平方(fang)米1982年(nian),列入全國(guo)重(zhong)點文物保護(hu)單位,后并入五(wu)臺(tai)山古建(jian)(jian)筑群。
建筑布局
在全寺中軸線上(shang),寺前(qian)銅塔聳(song)立,七(qi)重殿宇布從南到北,依次為觀音殿、大文(wen)殊(shu)殿、大雄寶殿、無量殿、千缽文(wen)殊(shu)殿、銅殿、藏(zang)經樓,此外,還(huan)有鐘樓、僧舍和各種配殿。
顯通(tong)寺的(de)大(da)雄寶殿(dian)為(wei)舉行(xing)佛事活動主要場(chang)所,是(shi)顯通(tong)寺的(de)第(di)三(san)重大(da)殿(dian),殿(dian)內(nei)供著(zhu)三(san)尊(zun)(zun)佛像:中是(shi)釋迦(jia)牟尼佛,西(xi)(xi)是(shi)阿(a)彌陀佛,東是(shi)藥師佛;兩(liang)旁有十八羅漢像背(bei)后有觀(guan)音(yin)、文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、普賢(xian)三(san)尊(zun)(zun)菩(pu)(pu)薩像。觀(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)殿(dian)內(nei),中間供著(zhu)觀(guan)音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)薩像,左右(you)供著(zhu)文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和普賢(xian)菩(pu)(pu)薩像。大(da)文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)殿(dian),是(shi)顯通(tong)寺的(de)第(di)二(er)重大(da)殿(dian)。大(da)文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)殿(dian)內(nei),供著(zhu)七尊(zun)(zun)文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菩(pu)(pu)薩像:正中的(de)為(wei)大(da)智文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu);前面(mian)的(de)五位(wei),從左至右(you),依次(ci)為(wei)西(xi)(xi)臺獅子文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),南臺智慧(hui)文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),中臺孺者(zhe)文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),北臺無(wu)垢文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),東臺聰明文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu);大(da)智文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后面(mian)是(shi)甘露文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)像前有護法神韋馱像,兩(liang)側有十八羅漢像。
寺內建筑
銅殿
銅殿高8.3米(mi),寬(kuan)4.7米(mi),深4.5米(mi),用銅10萬(wan)斤鑄成的。殿建(jian)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)見方(fang),寬(kuan)9尺,深8尺,高丈余,外(wai)觀兩層,內(nei)為一(yi)室(shi),四(si)(si)角(jiao)四(si)(si)柱,柱礎似鼓。殿內(nei)上(shang)層四(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)6扇門,下面(mian)(mian)四(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)八扇門,殿內(nei)四(si)(si)壁上(shang)有(you)小佛(fo)萬(wan)尊,金光閃(shan)(shan)閃(shan)(shan),灼灼照人。殿內(nei)四(si)(si)壁鑄滿了(le)佛(fo)像(xiang),號稱萬(wan)佛(fo);殿中央供奉著高3尺的銅佛(fo)。
銅殿是在(zai)明代萬歷三(san)十七年(公元1609年)萬歷皇(huang)帝(di)母親李(li)太后之師(shi)妙峰和尚,集全(quan)國(guo)13省市布施,先后鑄成(cheng)三(san)座(zuo)銅殿,一置峨眉山(shan),一置南京寶華山(shan),一置五臺(tai)山(shan)。三(san)個銅殿均在(zai)湖(hu)北(bei)省荊州澆鑄,運至(zhi)現場組裝,如今僅存五臺(tai)山(shan)這一座(zuo)了。銅殿方形(xing),外觀重(zhong)檐兩層(ceng),高約5米,四周(zhou)隔(ge)扇上欞花圖案和壺(hu)門花鳥裝飾。
內(nei)壁四(si)面鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿小佛(fo)萬尊(zun),中央臺(tai)上端坐一尊(zun)大(da)佛(fo),故(gu)稱(cheng)“萬佛(fo)如來(lai)”,殿(dian)前原(yuan)有(you)同期(qi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造銅(tong)塔(ta)五(wu)座(zuo)(zuo),按(an)東西(xi)南(nan)北中方(fang)位(wei)布置,象征五(wu)座(zuo)(zuo)臺(tai)頂,可惜在日(ri)本(ben)侵華期(qi)間(jian),被日(ri)本(ben)侵略(lve)者盜走了三座(zuo)(zuo),僅東西(xi)兩座(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)塔(ta)尚存。塔(ta)有(you)13層,高8米(mi),塔(ta)身滿鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)佛(fo)像(xiang)圖案,底座(zuo)(zuo)正方(fang)形,四(si)角(jiao)各鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一尊(zun)力士,手(shou)托,肩(jian)扛或頭頂塔(ta)身。兩塔(ta)下西(xi)南(nan)角(jiao)有(you)大(da)如拇(mu)指(zhi)(zhi)的(de)小銅(tong)廟,內(nei)坐小指(zhi)(zhi)大(da)的(de)土(tu)地像(xiang)。后又以鐵補(bu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)三座(zuo)(zuo)塔(ta)立(li)于原(yuan)處。銅(tong)殿(dian)、銅(tong)塔(ta)皆(jie)飾(shi)以金箔。
藏經殿
銅(tong)殿兩旁又各有一座潔白小巧的重檐(yan)磚(zhuan)殿。最高層的藏經殿,俗稱后殿,原(yuan)放藏經,已辟(pi)為文(wen)物陳列室(shi)。其中手工藝品有北魏(wei)孝文(wen)帝時黃金鎮風印和銅(tong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)旃檀佛,南北朝(chao)的石雕(diao)觀音(yin)和脅侍瑪薩,清代(dai)燒(shao)制(zhi)的濟公(gong)和尚瓷(ci)像、蘇武(wu)牧(mu)羊花瓶(ping)、木雕(diao)善財童子和觀音(yin),銅(tong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)劉海戲金蟾和四十八臂(bei)觀音(yin),以及(ji)水晶(jing)塔(ta)、銀塔(ta)和各色景泰藍(lan)供件等。
書(shu)畫(hua)有北宋開寶年問(wen)印(yin)刷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)鋒塔(ta)藏經(jing),元(yuan)初(chu)趙子昂夫婦畫(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馬和觀(guan)音,明沈(shen)周(zhou)繪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關云長,明丁云鵬在小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菩提葉(xie)上(shang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十八羅漢等(deng)。最(zui)尊貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要數(shu)原奉供(gong)五(wu)臺碧山寺,顯通(tong)寺文(wen)物陳列內展出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)華嚴經(jing)字塔(ta)。字塔(ta)長l丈7尺,寬5尺,由(you)白綾(ling)(ling)和黃綾(ling)(ling)裱糊(hu)而成(cheng),上(shang)書(shu)《華嚴經(jing)》80卷,計600043字。綾(ling)(ling)上(shang)寫字不算奇(qi),奇(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是用(yong)一(yi)(yi)部經(jing)文(wen)正好組成(cheng)了一(yi)(yi)幅寶塔(ta)圖案。遠望象(xiang)是綾(ling)(ling)上(shang)用(yong)工(gong)筆畫(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)七級高塔(ta),塔(ta)身嵌以樓閣佛(fo)像,飛(fei)檐吊以風鐘,塔(ta)邊飾以花卉,十分(fen)形象(xiang)。蓮(lian)花的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細莖,風鐘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吊繩,佛(fo)像的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眉毛,都是一(yi)(yi)行行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)字。華嚴經(jing)字塔(ta)系清(qing)康熙年間蘇州三寶弟子許德心用(yong)十二年功(gong)夫書(shu)成(cheng)。
無量殿
五臺山顯通寺無量殿分上(shang)下兩層(ceng),明七(qi)間暗(an)三(san)間,仿木結構,面寬28.2米(mi),進深16米(mi),高20.3米(mi),重(zhong)檐歇山頂,磚券而(er)成,三(san)個連(lian)續拱并列,左(zuo)右山墻成為拱腳(jiao),各間之間依靠開拱門聯系,雕刻精湛(zhan),是中國古代磚石建(jian)筑藝術的杰作。外檐磚刻斗栱(gong)花卉,內(nei)雕藻井懸空,形似花蓋寶頂,殿內(nei)供(gong)有無量佛。
殿內(nei)保(bao)存的《華(hua)嚴(yan)經(jing)》字(zi)塔,屬稀世珍寶,塔是由長5.7米(mi)、寬1.7米(mi)的白(bai)綾組成(cheng)一幅七層(ceng)寶塔圖像(xiang),回欄曲(qu)檻,斗(dou)栱華(hua)檐,白(bai)綾上用蠅頭(tou)小楷寫《華(hua)嚴(yan)經(jing)》八(ba)十(shi)卷,共有(you)600043字(zi),它(ta)是康熙年間(jian)蘇州人許德興用十(shi)二年的時間(jian)寫成(cheng)的。無量殿正面每層(ceng)有(you)七個閣洞(dong),閣洞(dong)上嵌(qian)有(you)磚雕匾額,有(you)的題(ti)(ti)“普光明殿”,有(you)的題(ti)(ti)“法菩提場”,有(you)的題(ti)(ti)“逝多(duo)園林”等(deng)。
大佛殿
大(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)重建于清光緒二十五年(公(gong)元1899年),系(xi)木(mu)(mu)結構建筑。大(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian),是舉辦盛大(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)事活動的(de)場所。此殿(dian)(dian)占地一(yi)畝二分(fen),高大(da)肅(su)穆。殿(dian)(dian)內正前方的(de)橫梁上,高懸(xuan)康(kang)熙御筆“真如權應”木(mu)(mu)匾(bian),下面條幅橫懸(xuan),兩旁(pang)錦(jin)幡垂掛。殿(dian)(dian)臺(tai)上,并列主(zhu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)三(san)尊,中(zhong)間是釋迦牟(mou)尼(ni)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),東面是藥師佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),西面是阿彌陀佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),殿(dian)(dian)墻兩側是十八(ba)羅漢(han),均(jun)為明、清雕塑。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)前的(de)地面十分(fen)寬敞,經案(an)上佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)燈(deng)高照(zhao),寶(bao)鼎焚香,擺著各(ge)色供果,敬有美麗鮮花。東面的(de)經案(an)頭,還擺著鼓(gu)、磬、鐺、木(mu)(mu)魚等佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)家(jia)樂(le)器。不僅本寺(si)僧人在這座殿(dian)(dian)內做早(zao)晚功課,每(mei)逢大(da)的(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)事活動日,由五臺(tai)山佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教協會(hui)主(zhu)持,各(ge)寺(si)廟的(de)僧尼(ni)都要(yao)身披袈裟,匯(hui)集到這里舉行禮佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)儀式。
文殊殿
大文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)殿(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)顯通(tong)寺(si)(si)的(de)第二(er)重(zhong)大殿(dian)(dian)。重(zhong)建(jian)于1746年(nian)(清(qing)乾隆11年(nian)),系木結構建(jian)筑(zhu)。五臺(tai)山(shan)是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菩薩(sa)的(de)道場,各寺(si)(si)廟均以供(gong)(gong)奉文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菩薩(sa)為(wei)主。自然顯通(tong)寺(si)(si)也不例外(wai)。所(suo)不同的(de)是(shi)(shi),顯通(tong)寺(si)(si)的(de)大文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)殿(dian)(dian)內,供(gong)(gong)著七尊文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菩薩(sa)像(xiang)(xiang):正中(zhong)的(de)為(wei)大智文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu);前面的(de)五位,從左(zuo)至右,依(yi)次為(wei)西臺(tai)獅子文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),南臺(tai)智慧文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),中(zhong)臺(tai)孺者文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),北臺(tai)無垢文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),東臺(tai)聰明文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu);大智文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后面是(shi)(shi)甘(gan)露(lu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。此外(wai),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)像(xiang)(xiang)前有(you)(you)護法(fa)神(shen)韋馱像(xiang)(xiang),兩(liang)(liang)側有(you)(you)十(shi)八羅(luo)漢像(xiang)(xiang)。大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)顯通(tong)寺(si)(si)的(de)第三重(zhong)大殿(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)內供(gong)(gong)著三世佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang):中(zhong)為(wei)釋迦(jia)牟尼佛(fo),西為(wei)阿(a)彌陀佛(fo),東為(wei)藥(yao)師佛(fo);兩(liang)(liang)旁有(you)(you)十(shi)八羅(luo)漢像(xiang)(xiang);背后有(you)(you)觀(guan)音、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、普賢三尊菩薩(sa)像(xiang)(xiang)。
寺廟評價
顯通寺(si)是(shi)五(wu)臺(tai)山(shan)建立的(de)(de)第(di)一座(zuo)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)寺(si)院,是(shi)五(wu)臺(tai)山(shan)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)源地和發(fa)(fa)(fa)展中(zhong)心,其發(fa)(fa)(fa)展歷史不僅見證了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)歷程,而且是(shi)五(wu)臺(tai)山(shan)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)縮影,同時也(ye)是(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)國(guo)北方佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)活標本。寺(si)內除文(wen)(wen)物建筑本體外,還保存有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)藝(yi)術珍(zhen)品,蘊藏(zang)著極為(wei)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)內涵,具有(you)較高的(de)(de)歷史、科學和藝(yi)術價值。(五(wu)臺(tai)山(shan)宗(zong)教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)物部門評)
旅游貼士
交通
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門票:10元(截止2015年2月)