鮮(xian)雪菜葉(xie)面(mian)綠色(se)、葉(xie)柄及中肋綠白色(se),葉(xie)片半碎葉(xie)型、倒卵形,葉(xie)面(mian)較(jiao)光(guang)滑,無蠟粉和刺毛,質(zhi)地脆嫩。腌(a)雪菜色(se)澤黃亮,香氣濃郁、爽脆味鮮(xian)。嘉(jia)善縣地處杭嘉(jia)湖平原,位于浙江省東北部、江浙滬兩省一市(shi)交(jiao)匯處。境域輪(lun)廓呈田字形,地勢南高(gao)(gao)北低,平均(jun)海拔(ba)3.67米。宜(yi)種性(xing)廣,生產水平高(gao)(gao)。
楊廟(miao)雪(xue)菜(cai)地(di)理標志地(di)域保護范(fan)圍(wei)為:東經120°44′50〞-121°02′15〞,北緯(wei)30°45′31〞- 31°01′48〞。生(sheng)產地(di)域范(fan)圍(wei)為嘉善(shan)縣所轄天凝鎮(zhen)、陶(tao)莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)、西塘(tang)(tang)鎮(zhen)、干(gan)窯鎮(zhen)、姚莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)、大(da)云鎮(zhen)、魏(wei)塘(tang)(tang)街(jie)道、羅星街(jie)道、惠(hui)民街(jie)道等9個鄉鎮(zhen)(街(jie)道),104個行(xing)政(zheng)村。現有種植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)500公頃(qing),年產量4.5萬噸,保護區(qu)域面積(ji)(ji)22811公頃(qing)。
嘉(jia)善(shan)縣(xian)地處杭(hang)嘉(jia)湖(hu)平(ping)原,位于浙江省東(dong)北部、江浙滬兩(liang)省一市(shi)交(jiao)匯(hui)處。境(jing)域輪廓呈田字形,地勢南高北低,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)海(hai)(hai)拔3.67米(mi)。嘉(jia)善(shan)縣(xian)地處沿海(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)緯度地帶(dai),屬亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou),四季(ji)分明(ming)、溫和濕潤(run)、光照充(chong)足、雨(yu)量充(chong)沛,具有春濕、夏熱、秋燥、冬冷(leng)的特點。年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫15.8℃,極端最(zui)低氣(qi)溫-10.8℃,極端最(zui)高氣(qi)溫40.7℃,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)量1155.7毫米(mi),無霜期233.6天(tian),日照時(shi)數1927.3小時(shi),適合雪(xue)菜生產。境(jing)內(nei)水網交(jiao)織,水資(zi)源豐富。土(tu)壤以水稻土(tu)、潮土(tu)為主,質地中(zhong)(zhong)壤至(zhi)輕粘,微酸性(xing)至(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)有機質37.38g/kg,宜(yi)種性(xing)廣,生產水平(ping)高。
鮮(xian)雪菜(cai)(cai)葉面綠(lv)色、葉柄及中肋綠(lv)白色,葉片半(ban)碎葉型、倒(dao)卵形,葉面較光滑,無蠟粉和刺毛,質地脆(cui)嫩(nen)。 腌雪菜(cai)(cai)色澤(ze)黃亮,香氣濃郁、爽(shuang)脆(cui)味鮮(xian)。
選(xuan)(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)距離交通(tong)(tong)主干道200m以(yi)(yi)外、生(sheng)態環境(jing)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)塊(kuai),土壤肥(fei)(fei)沃,有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)(liang)豐富(fu),排(pai)灌方便(bian)。選(xuan)(xuan)擇嘉雪(xue)(xue)四月(yue)(yue)蕻等(deng)分(fen)(fen)蘗力(li)強、耐低溫、優質高產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品種。選(xuan)(xuan)擇保(bao)(bao)水保(bao)(bao)肥(fei)(fei)好、陽光充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土壤作苗(miao)床,苗(miao)床地(di)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)輪換。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)苗(miao)床施(shi)腐熟(shu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)1000kg、過磷酸鈣25kg。春(chun)雪(xue)(xue)播種期(qi)為9月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬,秧田(tian)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)播種量(liang)(liang)300g-350g,秧本(ben)比1:10-1:12。適(shi)時(shi)刪苗(miao),最終(zhong)留苗(miao)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)100株(zhu)/㎡-120株(zhu)/㎡。晚稻收(shou)割后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),開溝(gou)作畦,畦寬1.2m,溝(gou)寬0.25m。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)腐熟(shu)廄肥(fei)(fei)1000kg-1500kg或生(sheng)物有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)150kg-200kg,N、P2O5、K2O各15%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)30kg-40kg。苗(miao)齡35d-45d、5葉-6葉時(shi),即(ji)10月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬至(zhi)11月(yue)(yue)上旬定(ding)植。行距35cm-38cm,株(zhu)距25cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)栽6000株(zhu)左(zuo)右(you)。定(ding)植后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)澆定(ding)根(gen)水。保(bao)(bao)持土壤濕(shi)潤,定(ding)植后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)20d,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)追(zhui)施(shi)硫酸鉀10kg、尿素5kg,以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)隔15d-20d每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)追(zhui)施(shi)尿素7.5kg,采(cai)收(shou)前20d停止追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)控貫徹“預(yu)防(fang)為主,綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植保(bao)(bao)方針。堅持物理(li)防(fang)治(zhi)和(he)化學防(fang)治(zhi)相結合(he)(he)(he),合(he)(he)(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao),禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高殘留農(nong)藥(yao)(yao),嚴格執行農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)關(guan)規定(ding)。針對(dui)病(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)、菌核病(bing)(bing)、根(gen)腫病(bing)(bing)和(he)蚜蟲(chong)等(deng)主要(yao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害,采(cai)取培育壯苗(miao),深溝(gou)高畦,配方施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)、合(he)(he)(he)理(li)輪作、合(he)(he)(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高效、低毒、低殘留農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)等(deng)防(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)。3月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬—4月(yue)(yue)上旬抽薹前收(shou)割。原輔料(liao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇以(yi)(yi)老嫩適(shi)中、干凈(jing)(jing)整(zheng)齊、無(wu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害侵蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雪(xue)(xue)菜作為原料(liao),去除黃葉和(he)腐爛葉,在(zai)(zai)田(tian)間適(shi)度失水變軟(ruan)(ruan)。腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)應符合(he)(he)(he)GB2721的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。加(jia)(jia)工(gong)環境(jing)選(xuan)(xuan)擇干凈(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水泥(ni)池(chi)和(he)陶缸類(lei)容器(qi)。裝甏封(feng)(feng)口后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)選(xuan)(xuan)擇陰涼(liang)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)、地(di)面易于(yu)排(pai)水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)內存(cun)放(fang)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)100kg雪(xue)(xue)菜控制(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)9kg-12kg。腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)兩次進行,第(di)(di)一次鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)量(liang)(liang)為總(zong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%,分(fen)(fen)層放(fang)入腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)容器(qi),一層雪(xue)(xue)菜一層鹽(yan)(yan)(yan),踏平、壓實(shi),腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)1-2天(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)進行第(di)(di)二次腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)。第(di)(di)二次腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)將(jiang)咸(xian)坯翻(fan)踩至(zhi)另一個腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)容器(qi)中,并(bing)將(jiang)剩余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)40%食鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)層加(jia)(jia)入,腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)1-2天(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裝甏。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)容量(liang)(liang)10kg左(zuo)右(you)清(qing)潔(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)口甏腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)成熟(shu)并(bing)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)。裝甏時(shi),按每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)甏分(fen)(fen)3-4次分(fen)(fen)層裝入咸(xian)坯,壓實(shi),加(jia)(jia)面鹽(yan)(yan)(yan),薄膜(mo)覆蓋后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)含(han)12%食鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礱糠軟(ruan)(ruan)泥(ni)封(feng)(feng)口。將(jiang)封(feng)(feng)口后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菜甏倒置(zhi)疊放(fang)于(yu)陰涼(liang)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)內,讓其自然發酵30-45天(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)達到成熟(shu)。甏裝雪(xue)(xue)菜在(zai)(zai)陰涼(liang)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)處可(ke)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)1年(nian)。將(jiang)發酵成熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雪(xue)(xue)菜分(fen)(fen)切、定(ding)型包裝。