清徐(xu)曾是(shi)春秋古郡,是(shi)中(zhong)國最(zui)早的(de)建制縣之(zhi)一,是(shi)《三(san)國演義》作者(zhe)古典(dian)文(wen)學大師(shi)羅貫中(zhong)故里(li),以“文(wen)化名城、醋(cu)都葡鄉”享譽黃土高(gao)原(yuan)。擁(yong)(yong)有老陳(chen)醋(cu)傳統釀造(zao)工藝、徐(xu)溝(gou)背鐵棍藝術(shu)、清徐(xu)磚雕、清徐(xu)彩門樓(lou)等國家級非物質文(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan),擁(yong)(yong)有清源文(wen)廟(miao)、狐(hu)突廟(miao)2處國保單(dan)位和省保單(dan)位4處、市保單(dan)位6處,以及350處文(wen)物遺(yi)存(cun),是(shi)晉商的(de)重要發祥(xiang)地之(zhi)一。
清(qing)(qing)徐彩(cai)(cai)(cai)門樓是(shi)(shi)一門集民(min)間古建筑技藝(yi)、民(min)間美術、民(min)間彩(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)、民(min)間手工技藝(yi)于一體的(de)綜合藝(yi)術。“獅子龍(long)燈跑旱船、彩(cai)(cai)(cai)樓當(dang)街撐面面”是(shi)(shi)流傳在(zai)清(qing)(qing)徐的(de)民(min)諺(yan),形(xing)象地概述了清(qing)(qing)徐彩(cai)(cai)(cai)門樓在(zai)當(dang)地民(min)俗活動中的(de)重(zhong)要地位(wei)。
當地老人(ren)說,祖祖輩(bei)輩(bei)的人(ren)們(men)每逢(feng)過春節,家(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)都(dou)要去集市購買(mai)柏葉(xie),將柏葉(xie)插(cha)在(zai)門(men)拴上,以示接(jie)福避邪(xie)(即可壓百邪(xie))。在(zai)大年三十,人(ren)們(men)將柏葉(xie)綁在(zai)一(yi)根竹竿或(huo)者(zhe)木棍(gun)的稍頭(tou),再用紅紙纏(chan)上,貼上“迎(ying)喜接(jie)福”的對聯(lian),然后綁在(zai)房頂的煙囪上,還(huan)有(you)的將柏葉(xie)同(tong)(tong)供品擺(bai)在(zai)一(yi)起供神(shen),祈求(qiu)來年生意興(xing)旺(wang);后來各家(jia)(jia)在(zai)門(men)前用幾根門(men)桿(gan)搭架,上邊綁上柏葉(xie)枝(zhi),兩邊寫上對聯(lian),成為了(le)柏葉(xie)門(men)樓(lou),家(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)戶(hu)戶(hu)門(men)樓(lou)造型不同(tong)(tong)。
隨(sui)著時代的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),人(ren)(ren)們(men)不(bu)斷用(yong)新的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料來(lai)(lai)反(fan)映他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)審美(mei)傾向,顯示各(ge)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)富裕(yu)程度,于(yu)是(shi)出現(xian)了(le)柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、扭彩(cai)(cai)彩(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、彩(cai)(cai)繪(hui)彩(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。商(shang)(shang)(shang)家(jia)更是(shi)在(zai)自家(jia)門(men)(men)(men)前(qian)壘起了(le)塔(ta)塔(ta)火,以(yi)此寓意(yi)(yi)(yi)生意(yi)(yi)(yi)興隆、紅紅火火,也(ye)為吸引更多(duo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu),后來(lai)(lai)發展(zhan)到商(shang)(shang)(shang)家(jia)在(zai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)鋪門(men)(men)(men)口的(de)(de)(de)街頭搭過街柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),又高又大,會吸引很遠地方人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi),同時也(ye)借此起到宣傳自己商(shang)(shang)(shang)號,吸引顧客(ke)光顧的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。當觀看的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)越聚越多(duo)時,商(shang)(shang)(shang)家(jia)便用(yong)柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)和(he)廢食用(yong)油(you)潑在(zai)塔(ta)塔(ta)火上(shang)(shang)(shang),象征(zheng)來(lai)(lai)年(nian)生意(yi)(yi)(yi)紅火。由此,柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)開始(shi)發展(zhan)為過街柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。隨(sui)著經濟的(de)(de)(de)繁榮,清徐城內的(de)(de)(de)一些較富裕(yu)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)號開始(shi)設(she)想搭制工藝更復(fu)雜、造(zao)型更美(mei)觀的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),于(yu)是(shi),由較大商(shang)(shang)(shang)鋪出面牽頭,采取自愿原則,向鄰(lin)近商(shang)(shang)(shang)行籌(chou)錢,籌(chou)起錢后請當時制作抬(tai)閣的(de)(de)(de)師傅制作較好的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。在(zai)原柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)(shang),產生了(le)用(yong)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)布(bu)裹木椽子(zi)并(bing)用(yong)彩(cai)(cai)布(bu)扭彩(cai)(cai)編(bian)織亭閣門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)古建(jian) 型狀的(de)(de)(de)新式彩(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),其名稱也(ye)由原來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)正式取名為彩(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),后來(lai)(lai)又在(zai)彩(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)掛(gua)上(shang)(shang)(shang)燈籠、繡球等(deng),并(bing)給(gei)每個彩(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)起上(shang)(shang)(shang)了(le)吉祥(xiang)如意(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)名字(zi),如“聚財門(men)(men)(men)”、“五(wu)福門(men)(men)(men)”、“興旺門(men)(men)(men)”、“平安門(men)(men)(men)”等(deng)等(deng),寄托著人(ren)(ren)們(men)美(mei)好的(de)(de)(de)心愿。20世紀90年(nian)代以(yi)來(lai)(lai),在(zai)原來(lai)(lai)扭彩(cai)(cai)編(bian)織的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)(shang),增(zeng)加了(le)美(mei)術彩(cai)(cai)繪(hui)部分,增(zeng)加了(le)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)燈光,在(zai)造(zao)型上(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)更加多(duo)樣(yang)。
清徐彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)從(cong)搭(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)名(ming)稱(cheng)上(shang)可分為彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(即(ji)搭(da)置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)街(jie)頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de))和(he)(he)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(即(ji)搭(da)置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)各(ge)單位(wei)和(he)(he)各(ge)家門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de))兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)。根據搭(da)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料不(bu)同,可分為柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、扭(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、噴繪(hui)(hui)(hui)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)五種(zhong)(zhong),它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨架制作基本相同,所不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)裝飾(shi)材料和(he)(he)工(gong)藝。柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)身,有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi):一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)家門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)頂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),兩(liang)旁(pang)扇形(xing)耳壁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單層(ceng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)橫(heng)跨大街(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)柱(zhu)三頂(ding),雙層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過街(jie)柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),它是(shi)(shi)(shi)由門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱(zhu)、橫(heng)梁、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)、脊(ji)檁(lin)(lin)組合而(er)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)似古(gu)牌樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)樣,門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)制作與柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)相同,兩(liang)邊(bian)小(xiao)(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)要(yao)比(bi)中門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)低,小(xiao)(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脊(ji)檁(lin)(lin)應在(zai)中門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)斜坡(po)之下為宜(yi),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)不(bu)宜(yi)過高(gao)。在(zai)柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)基礎上(shang)搭(da)建成了柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)明顯(xian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)用(yong)五色彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布(bu)(bu)進行了裝飾(shi)。將門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)前(qian)后兩(liang)處水斜坡(po)和(he)(he)挑角用(yong)柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)枝編織裝飾(shi),橫(heng)梁脊(ji)檁(lin)(lin)匾額部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分用(yong)五彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布(bu)(bu)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)子(zi)、綁(bang)好(hao)匾額,門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱(zhu)即(ji)用(yong)紅(hong)(hong)布(bu)(bu)包裹或(huo)用(yong)五彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布(bu)(bu)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)成網(wang)狀纏(chan)上(shang)去,并貼(tie)上(shang)對(dui)聯、掛上(shang)燈籠(long)。扭(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝飾(shi)分扭(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)與裝彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)兩(liang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分,門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)與橫(heng)梁、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)面(mian)為扭(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分,全部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)用(yong)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布(bu)(bu)包裝,周(zhou)邊(bian)用(yong)紅(hong)(hong)紙金紙條和(he)(he)手工(gong)紙貼(tie)出花邊(bian)圖(tu)(tu)案(an),圖(tu)(tu)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)藝人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕技,當地常扭(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)子(zi)有(you)“結魚網(wang)”、“編席子(zi)”、“結空心疙瘩”、“尖對(dui)尖”、“編九針(zhen)兒(er)”、“打燈籠(long)景”、“拉瓦棱”等(deng)樣式(shi)(shi)(shi),各(ge)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)子(zi)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)好(hao)后,要(yao)用(yong)淡紅(hong)(hong)色、淡綠色、淡黃(huang)色綢布(bu)(bu)襯(chen)底(di)(di),可以將圖(tu)(tu)案(an)襯(chen)得更加突出。彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)不(bu)拘(ju)泥傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)畫法,圖(tu)(tu)案(an)活(huo)潑自由,門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)四(si)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱(zhu)為紅(hong)(hong)底(di)(di)金字或(huo)者是(shi)(shi)(shi)紅(hong)(hong)底(di)(di)加祥云(yun)圖(tu)(tu)案(an),中門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)橫(heng)梁一(yi)(yi)般采用(yong)“包袱(fu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)”彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)“方(fang)心形(xing)”彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui),小(xiao)(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)橫(heng)梁采用(yong)“方(fang)心式(shi)(shi)(shi)”和(he)(he)“海漫式(shi)(shi)(shi)”彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)方(fang)法彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui),小(xiao)(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)采用(yong)仿古(gu)建筑(zhu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)工(gong)藝方(fang)法彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)畫,圖(tu)(tu)樣左(zuo)右(you)對(dui)稱(cheng),以青、綠色調為主。