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一.產品介紹

簡介

西峽(xia)香菇，河南(nan)省南(nan)陽市西峽(xia)縣特產(chan)，中國(guo)國(guo)家地理標志產(chan)品。西峽(xia)香菇品質優，味道(dao)好，花(hua)菇率高，深受消費者歡(huan)迎，遠銷廣州、深圳、福(fu)建、浙江、日本、韓國(guo)、新加坡、臺灣、香港等地。

種植環境

西峽是一(yi)(yi)個深山(shan)縣，自然狀況為“八山(shan)一(yi)(yi)水(shui)零點七分田”，既具有北亞(ya)熱帶向暖溫(wen)帶過渡的(de)氣候(hou)特點，又(you)有冬(dong)季偏暖地(di)區的(de)氣候(hou)差異。海拔181米(mi)至2212米(mi)，年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)15.1℃，相對濕度69%，年均(jun)降水(shui)量881.6毫米(mi)。年均(jun)日照2019小時(shi)，無霜期(qi)236天，森林(lin)覆蓋率76.8%，生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)優越，適宜多(duo)種類農作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)長，是香菇生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)黃(huang)金地(di)帶。

生產情況

2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)，西(xi)峽(xia)縣(xian)(xian)從事香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)農戶達(da)3萬(wan)余戶，超過農戶總數的(de)1/3，年(nian)(nian)(nian)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規模保(bao)持在(zai)1億袋左右，年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量（干品(pin)）3.5萬(wan)噸(dun)左右，占全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)總產(chan)量的(de)1/10，成為“南菇(gu)(gu)(gu)北(bei)移”后中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)(zui)大的(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)生產(chan)地(di)。形成的(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)市場(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)交易額(e)穩定(ding)在(zai)10億元左右，成為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)(zui)大的(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)集散地(di)、加工地(di)，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)從這里(li)運(yun)出(chu)(chu)的(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)占全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)干香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)70%以上、占全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)總產(chan)量的(de)近1/5，由此奠定(ding)了全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)干香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)價格形成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)和(he)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)貨源集散中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)地(di)位(wei)。西(xi)峽(xia)先后被國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家農業部等(deng)部委確定(ding)為全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)藝產(chan)品(pin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)示(shi)范區，被全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)用菌(jun)協(xie)會評為十佳商品(pin)基(ji)地(di)縣(xian)(xian)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)用菌(jun)標準化示(shi)范縣(xian)(xian)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)用菌(jun)優(you)秀(xiu)基(ji)地(di)縣(xian)(xian)；通過了國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家原產(chan)地(di)地(di)理保(bao)護認證(zheng)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)用菌(jun)協(xie)會授予“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)之鄉”稱號。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)，河南西(xi)峽(xia)縣(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)7422噸(dun)，出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)額(e)11874萬(wan)美(mei)元。

產地范圍

西峽香(xiang)菇地理標志產品保護范圍(wei)為河(he)南省西峽縣(xian)丹水鎮(zhen)、田關(guan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、陽城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、回車鎮(zhen)、五里(li)橋鎮(zhen)、丁河(he)鎮(zhen)、重陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西坪鎮(zhen)、寨根鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、桑坪鎮(zhen)、石界河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、米坪鎮(zhen)、軍(jun)馬河(he)鎮(zhen)、雙(shuang)龍鎮(zhen)、二狼坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等15個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)現轄行政區域。

專用標志使用

西(xi)峽香菇地理(li)標志(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)保護范圍內的生產(chan)者，可向南(nan)陽出入境(jing)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)局提出使用“地理(li)標志(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)專用標志(zhi)”的申請，由(you)國家質檢(jian)總(zong)局公(gong)告批(pi)準。

技術要求

（一）菌種。

9608等優質香(xiang)菇(gu)菌種(zhong)的1、2、3級菌種(zhong)。

（二(er)）立體條件。

保(bao)護區范圍內海拔200m至800m。

（三）原料要求。

1、主料(liao)：為(wei)殼斗科的麻櫟屬、青岡屬和樺(hua)(hua)科的樺(hua)(hua)木屬的木屑。木屑直(zhi)徑3mm至8mm，鮮木屑含水(shui)量(liang)40%以下、干(gan)木屑含水(shui)量(liang)13%以下，無(wu)霉爛、腐(fu)朽、污染(ran)。

2、輔料：

（1）麥麩(fu)：無霉變、結塊、污染，含水(shui)量(liang)13%以下。

（2）白(bai)砂糖：食用(yong)菌糖。

（3）石(shi)膏：生、熟均(jun)可(ke)，色白，無雜(za)質。

（四）栽培管(guan)理(li)。

1、拌料、裝袋：

（1）栽(zai)培期：2至4月生產栽(zai)培。

（2）配(pei)方：木屑78%至80%、麥麩18%至20%、糖0.8%至1%、石膏1%的(de)比例，把料拌勻(yun)，兌水(shui)至含水(shui)量58%至60%。pH值5至7。

（3）裝袋(dai)：松緊(jin)適中(zhong)、每袋(dai)干料1.3kg至(zhi)1.5kg，栽培袋(dai)濕重3至(zhi)3.3kg。

2、常壓滅菌(jun)：料(liao)溫整(zheng)體達(da)到(dao)100℃后，保持18個小時以(yi)上。

3、接種(zhong)：料(liao)溫下降(jiang)到28℃以下時，在無菌條(tiao)件下接種(zhong)。

4、發菌：發菌需45d至(zhi)50d，保持發菌室干凈、干燥、暗光(guang)、通風，溫度維持在(zai)20℃至(zhi)25℃，適當(dang)刺孔增(zeng)氧，注意散堆(dui)降溫。

5、越夏(xia)管理(li)：越夏(xia)場(chang)地通風向陽、地勢(shi)高燥、水源潔(jie)凈、周邊環境(jing)干凈、整潔(jie)、無污染。

6、棚架(jia)環(huan)境(jing)要求及進棚管理：外(wai)棚四(si)周要比(bi)內架(jia)寬出(chu)2米(mi)，遮陰(yin)網(wang)不少于二層，層間有(you)35cm至(zhi)40cm間距。遮陰(yin)度(du)60%至(zhi)70%，溫度(du)在(zai)28℃以下(xia)，濕度(du)75%至(zhi)80%，通(tong)風良(liang)好。自然(ran)轉色，自然(ran)養菌(jun)，不隨意翻動。150天至(zhi)180天。

7、出菇(gu)管理(li)：氣(qi)溫(wen)穩定在(zai)(zai)20℃以(yi)下，10月中下旬以(yi)后催菇(gu)。菌袋含水量在(zai)(zai)原(yuan)袋重的80%至85%，濕度(du)60%至85%，溫(wen)度(du)8℃至18℃，溫(wen)差8℃至10℃。適當通風，保持空氣(qi)新鮮(xian)。初冬(dong)出菇(gu)，保持半(ban)(ban)陰半(ban)(ban)陽(yang)；冬(dong)季出菇(gu)，全光照(zhao)。

（五(wu)）采收與(yu)加工。

1、采收：10月中旬(xun)至(zhi)翌(yi)年4月采收，采收標準(zhun)為子實體7至(zhi)8成熟。

2、加(jia)工：烘干(gan)脫水(shui)加(jia)工，含(han)水(shui)量≤13%。

西峽香菇的醫(yi)用價(jia)值(zhi)

中(zhong)國不(bu)少古(gu)籍中(zhong)記載香菇(gu)“益氣不(bu)饑，治風破血(xue)和益胃助食”。民間用(yong)來助痘瘡、麻疹的誘(you)發，治頭(tou)痛(tong)、頭(tou)暈。現代(dai)研究證明，香菇(gu)多糖可調節(jie)人體內有免疫功(gong)能的T細(xi)胞(bao)活(huo)性，可降低甲基膽蒽(en)誘(you)發腫瘤的能力。香菇(gu)對癌細(xi)胞(bao)有強烈的抑(yi)制(zhi)作用(yong)，對小白(bai)鼠(shu)肉瘤180的抑(yi)制(zhi)率(lv)為97.5%，對艾氏(shi)癌的抑(yi)制(zhi)率(lv)為80%。香菇(gu)含有雙鏈核(he)糖核(he)酸，能誘(you)導(dao)產(chan)生干擾素(su)，具有抗病毒(du)能力。西(xi)峽香菇(gu)還對糖尿病、肺結(jie)核(he)、傳染性肝(gan)炎、神經炎等起治療作用(yong)，又可用(yong)于消化(hua)不(bu)良、便秘、減肥(fei)等。

1. 提高機體(ti)免疫功能(neng)(neng)：香菇多(duo)糖可提高巨噬細胞(bao)的(de)吞噬功能(neng)(neng)，還可促進T淋巴(ba)細胞(bao)的(de)產生(sheng)，并提高T淋巴(ba)細胞(bao)的(de)殺傷活性(xing)，從而增強人體(ti)體(ti)液免疫功能(neng)(neng)。

2. 西峽香(xiang)菇還對糖尿(niao)病、肺結核(he)、傳(chuan)染性(xing)肝(gan)炎、神經炎等起(qi)治療作用，又(you)可(ke)用于消(xiao)化不良、便秘等。

3. 延緩衰老：香菇的水提取物(wu)對過(guo)氧化氫有(you)清除(chu)(chu)作用(yong)，對體內的過(guo)氧化氫有(you)一定(ding)的消除(chu)(chu)作用(yong)；

4. 降血(xue)壓、降血(xue)脂、降膽(dan)固醇(chun)：香(xiang)菇中(zhong)含(han)有(you)嘌呤、膽(dan)堿、酪(lao)氨酸、氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)酶(mei)以及某(mou)些核酸物質，能起到(dao)降血(xue)壓、降膽(dan)固醇(chun)、降血(xue)脂的(de)作用(yong)，又可預防(fang)動脈硬(ying)化(hua)(hua)、肝硬(ying)化(hua)(hua)等疾病(bing)。

5. 防(fang)癌抗癌：香菇菌(jun)蓋部分含有雙(shuang)鏈(lian)結構的核(he)糖核(he)酸，進入人體后(hou)，會(hui)產生具有抗癌作用的干(gan)擾素。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況西(xi)峽(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)秦嶺東(dong)支脈伏牛山(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓，海拔高度從181米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)到2212.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。縣境(jing)自(zi)西(xi)北(bei)向東(dong)南(nan)(nan)依次為(wei)(wei)(wei)深山(shan)(shan)區(qu)、淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)、山(shan)(shan)谷盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)丘(qiu)陵區(qu)4種類(lei)型。西(xi)峽(xia)(xia)縣土(tu)壤(rang)系第四紀(ji)堆積(ji)、洪積(ji)型骨架(jia)土(tu)。其(qi)中黃棕壤(rang)類(lei)占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)82%、為(wei)(wei)(wei)總(zong)(zong)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60.7%；紫(zi)色土(tu)類(lei)占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%、為(wei)(wei)(wei)總(zong)(zong)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)35.1%；棕壤(rang)土(tu)類(lei)占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)7.7%；潮(chao)土(tu)類(lei)占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3%；河灘地(di)(di)(di)(di)僅占(zhan)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.2%，獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)小(xiao)氣候，適(shi)宜香菇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況境(jing)內溪流密布，共有大小(xiao)河流520余條，其(qi)中有灌(guan)河、淇河兩條過境(jing)河。全縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總(zong)(zong)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)18.54億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，其(qi)中年(nian)(nian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)(zong)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)14.06億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)(zong)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)4.48億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)開(kai)發量為(wei)(wei)(wei)11.6億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)開(kai)發量為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.6億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。伏牛山(shan)(shan)生態環境(jing)良好，地(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基本無(wu)污染。 2.3 氣候情(qing)況西(xi)峽(xia)(xia)處(chu)于(yu)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)向暖濕帶(dai)(dai)過度地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)，屬北(bei)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)區(qu)大陸(lu)性氣候，氣候溫(wen)和(he)，雨(yu)量適(shi)中，光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)(chong)足(zu)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣溫(wen)15.0攝(she)氏度，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降雨(yu)量878.1毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)無(wu)霜期236.2天，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)日照(zhao)時數1924.9小(xiao)時，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)相對濕度69%，季(ji)風(feng)(feng)平均(jun)風(feng)(feng)速(su)2.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每秒。由于(yu)境(jing)內多(duo)山(shan)(shan)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢復雜，有明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)體氣候特點，四季(ji)分明(ming)。充(chong)(chong)足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)照(zhao)，適(shi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雨(yu)量，溫(wen)和(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候給西(xi)峽(xia)(xia)食(shi)用(yong)菌產業帶(dai)(dai)來了良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展條件(jian)。

三.地域范圍

西峽香(xiang)菇(gu)農產(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)標志登記地(di)(di)域保護，覆蓋西峽境內全域除(chu)城(cheng)區外16個鄉鎮：丹(dan)水、田關、陽(yang)城(cheng)、回車、丁河(he)、重陽(yang)、西坪(ping)、桑(sang)坪(ping)、米坪(ping)、石(shi)界河(he)、軍馬河(he)、二郎(lang)坪(ping)、五里橋、雙龍、太平鎮、寨(zhai)根。涉及242個行政村(cun)，其(qi)保護范圍地(di)(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標為北緯33°05′—33°48′東經111°01′—111°46′，地(di)(di)處河(he)南省(sheng)西南部(bu)、南陽(yang)市西部(bu)、伏(fu)牛山腹地(di)(di)、豫鄂陜三省(sheng)交匯地(di)(di)帶，,總面積3454平方公(gong)(gong)里，香(xiang)菇(gu)生產(chan)面積約1000公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，年均總產(chan)量穩定在(zai)15萬噸左右。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外(wai)在(zai)感官特征 4.1.1 菇形朵(duo)形圓整(zheng)，中(zhong)大(da)葉型，菇質(zhi)密，菇肉(rou)厚。 4.1.2 菌(jun)蓋色(se)澤(ze) 鮮菇菌(jun)蓋淺褐(he)(he)色(se)—褐(he)(he)色(se)。 4.1.3 菌(jun)柄(bing) 菌(jun)柄(bing)中(zhong)長型，3—5厘米(mi)，中(zhong)等粗。 4.1.4 菌(jun)褶(zhe) 整(zheng)齊(qi)，中(zhong)等密度，淺白(bai)色(se)。 4.1.5 口感脆嫩，爽滑，肉(rou)質(zhi)無海綿(mian)感。

五.特定生產方式

3.1場地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 3.1.1 無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)場地(di)(di) 應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)受污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源影(ying)(ying)響，或(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物含(han)量限制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)允(yun)(yun)許(xu)范圍(wei)之(zhi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)良好，具(ju)體要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：周圍(wei)100米無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)工(gong)業三廢、垃圾（糞便）場、各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源（如大量揚(yang)灰(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泥廠、窯灰(hui)(hui)廠等），并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)且遠(yuan)離(li)醫院、學校(xiao)和(he)公(gong)(gong)共場所；對(dui)(dui)農(nong)戶獨(du)立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)點(dian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)30米以(yi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畜(chu)禽圈舍和(he)家用(yong)廁所（衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)）；土(tu)壤、空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（312國道兩(liang)側50米以(yi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)）中(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)金屬(shu)背(bei)景值偏高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區，與(yu)(yu)土(tu)壤、水(shui)源環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)病高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)發區不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)作為(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)場地(di)(di)。 3.1.2空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)周圍(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)淅(xi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體排放，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)燃煤(mei)鍋爐需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)防(fang)塵(chen)除硫裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置。環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量指標(biao)(biao)(biao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符合(he)(he)(he)附表1標(biao)(biao)(biao)準。 3.1.3水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)表水(shui)、地(di)(di)下水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清潔無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)（包(bao)(bao)括重(zhong)(zhong)金屬(shu)、放射性(xing)元(yuan)素及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區；水(shui)域或(huo)(huo)水(shui)源上(shang)游沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)構成威(wei)脅的(de)(de)(de)(de)井水(shui)。水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符合(he)(he)(he)附表2標(biao)(biao)(biao)準。 3.1.4其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 場地(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)向(xiang)陽，地(di)(di)勢高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)燥(zao)，水(shui)源較近，交通(tong)(tong)方(fang)便，并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)相對(dui)(dui)集中(zhong)連(lian)片(pian)。 3.2栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)季(ji)節依(yi)據所選(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)型、菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)齡要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)件(jian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)，因地(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)，靈活(huo)推算確(que)定最佳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)栽(zai)(zai) 模式(shi)點(dian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2-4月(yue)份(fen)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.3品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 所選(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，須(xu)經正(zheng)(zheng)規食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)科(ke)研部門試驗示(shi)范后確(que)定該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度、濕度、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)、光(guang)照、海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度和(he)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)措施與(yu)(yu)本地(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)件(jian)相適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，還必(bi)須(xu)具(ju)備(bei)抗性(xing)好、優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)。我縣春(chun)(chun)(chun)栽(zai)(zai)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)家品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)用(yong)西峽縣食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)科(ke)研中(zhong)心生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“9608”品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.4菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)量標(biao)(biao)(biao)準 3.4.1標(biao)(biao)(biao)名菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶（袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)）上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)型、接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日期(qi)、檢驗合(he)(he)(he)格證(zheng)等。 3.4.2純度外觀看瓶（袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)）無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)破損，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)和(he)病蟲侵染(ran)(ran)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)粗壯整(zheng)齊(qi)，分(fen)枝濃(nong)密，色澤潔白(bai)呈現絨毛狀，鏡(jing)檢菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)透明(ming)，呈分(fen)枝狀，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)橫隔(ge)、鎖狀聯合(he)(he)(he)明(ming)顯，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征。 3.4.3香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei) 優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)而無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)異雜(za)(za)(za)味(wei)。 3.4.4長(chang)(chang)勢菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)形態(tai)(tai)正(zheng)(zheng)常，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛而無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)線，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吐水(shui)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畏縮現象，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)形態(tai)(tai)呈絨毛狀濃(nong)密，粗壯均(jun)勻(yun)齊(qi)整(zheng)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)速度快(kuai)。 3.4.5活(huo)力從菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶（袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)）中(zhong)隨機挖取一(yi)塊菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，感覺有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)韌性(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)松(song)(song)散，培(pei)養(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)呈淡黃色，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)29℃下培(pei)養(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)塊四(si)周的(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)萌發快(kuai)，向(xiang)四(si)周擴展快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)則說明(ming)吃料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)能(neng)(neng)力強。 3.5培(pei)養(yang)(yang)基(ji)配方(fang) 培(pei)養(yang)(yang)基(ji)配方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)若干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)案，西峽縣春(chun)(chun)(chun)栽(zai)(zai)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)配方(fang)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)采用(yong)：木(mu)屑(xie)(xie)84％、麩(fu)皮15％、石(shi)膏1％。 3.6培(pei)養(yang)(yang)基(ji)備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi) 3.6.1木(mu)屑(xie)(xie) 樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源影(ying)(ying)響，重(zhong)(zhong)金屬(shu)、放射性(xing)元(yuan)素及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)區域內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)闊葉硬雜(za)(za)(za)木(mu)均(jun)可使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)（不(bu)(bu)(bu)含(han)松(song)(song)、柏(bo)、樟、杉樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)），其(qi)(qi)(qi)砍(kan)(kan)伐季(ji)節應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬季(ji)休(xiu)眠(mian)期(qi)砍(kan)(kan)伐為(wei)(wei)好；木(mu)屑(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：用(yong)專用(yong)粉料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)機粉碎，顆粒應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)均(jun)勻(yun)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)尖刺，細度和(he)大片(pian)麥麩(fu)一(yi)樣，粉碎后可曬(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)備(bei)用(yong)。 3.6.2麥麩(fu) 麩(fu)皮要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大片(pian)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉變、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)、干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)松(song)(song)散、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)藥污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新鮮(xian)麩(fu)皮。 3.6.3石(shi)膏生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)熟均(jun)可，需(xu)經檢驗合(he)(he)(he)格，潔白(bai)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)毒(du)害。 3.8拌(ban)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao) 按(an)(an)照木(mu)屑(xie)(xie)84％、麩(fu)皮15％、石(shi)膏1％的(de)(de)(de)(de)配方(fang)比例，含(han)水(shui)量維持(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)55％-58％之(zhi)間(jian)，把各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)攪拌(ban)均(jun)勻(yun)。 3.9裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai) 一(yi)般(ban)(ban)用(yong)對(dui)(dui)折17-18公(gong)(gong)分(fen)寬，55公(gong)(gong)分(fen)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)，松(song)(song)緊(jin)適(shi)(shi)度，口(kou)(kou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)扎緊(jin)，輕(qing)拿(na)輕(qing)放，防(fang)破損、防(fang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)。 3.10滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun) 料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)進入滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)爐后，2-3小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)達(da)到(dao)100℃以(yi)上(shang)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)100℃不(bu)(bu)(bu)下降連(lian)續維持(chi)(chi)18個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)上(shang)。如袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)較多，可酌情適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)延長(chang)(chang)滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。 3.11冷(leng)卻滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)達(da)到(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)后，停止加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)，任(ren)其(qi)(qi)(qi)自然冷(leng)卻到(dao)70℃以(yi)下，可出(chu)(chu)(chu)鍋放入無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)室(shi)，繼續冷(leng)卻到(dao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)達(da)28℃以(yi)下時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，才能(neng)(neng)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.12接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱必(bi)須(xu)提前進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)消(xiao)毒(du)處理，并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)檢查接(jie)(jie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)箱嚴(yan)(yan)密不(bu)(bu)(bu)漏氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后可裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)入袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，再用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)霧消(xiao)毒(du)劑按(an)(an)1-2g/m3點(dian)燃消(xiao)毒(du)30分(fen)鐘后才能(neng)(neng)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，點(dian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：快(kuai)、凈、滿、實(shi)。 3.13培(pei)養(yang)(yang) 接(jie)(jie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)后，需(xu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)搬入用(yong)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)水(shui)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)霧消(xiao)毒(du)劑消(xiao)過毒(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)室(shi)。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)單層單行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擺(bai)放，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)1米左右(you)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20℃-25℃為(wei)(wei)好，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，致一(yi)死適(shi)(shi)度通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)換氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)室(shi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、暗光(guang)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、易(yi)于(yu)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。 3.14刺孔(kong)增(zeng)(zeng)氧為(wei)(wei)滿足菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)對(dui)(dui)氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，養(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)期(qi)間(jian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)刺孔(kong)2-3次，刺孔(kong)多少(shao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)與(yu)(yu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)大小(xiao)(xiao)、水(shui)份(fen)多少(shao)成正(zheng)(zheng)比例，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)刺孔(kong)總(zong)數50-80個(ge)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。刺孔(kong)后應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)特(te)別注(zhu)意，嚴(yan)(yan)防(fang)超(chao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)燒堆，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 3.15轉(zhuan)色養(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)結束后，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)靈活(huo)調控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度、濕度、光(guang)照、通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)促使(shi)(shi)(shi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)自然轉(zhuan)色，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)皮厚薄(bo)適(shi)(shi)中(zhong)，茶褐色、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彈性(xing)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光(guang)澤為(wei)(wei)好。 3.16越夏越夏主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)任(ren)務是防(fang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、防(fang)暴曬(shai)(shai)，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)情況下必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)上(shang)旬將(jiang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)移到(dao)室(shi)外，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)外陰棚(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)越夏，遮陰棚(peng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)搭高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、塔寬、搭厚，陰棚(peng)凈高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3.5米以(yi)上(shang)，蔭棚(peng)四(si)周距(ju)離(li)內(nei)(nei)(nei)架(jia)2米以(yi)上(shang)，厚度要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隔(ge)熱(re)(re)隔(ge)光(guang)，伏天(tian)棚(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)過30℃為(wei)(wei)好。 3.17催(cui)菇(gu)(gu) 時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10月(yue)下旬，利(li)用(yong)白(bai)天(tian)蓋膜、夜晚揭(jie)膜，拉(la)大溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)達(da)10℃ 3.18疏蕾(lei)養(yang)(yang)蕾(lei)，培(pei)育花(hua)菇(gu)(gu) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)現蕾(lei)后，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)割口(kou)(kou)選(xuan)蕾(lei)，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)留10個(ge)左右(you)，嚴(yan)(yan)格調控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度為(wei)(wei)15—18℃，濕度70%～80%，并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)注(zhu)意通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)換氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，調節光(guang)照；如果生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)須(xu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)13℃～15℃，干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)，濕度控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)60%～70%，還須(xu)適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)光(guang)照，拉(la)大溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)。 3.19采收(shou)、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)與(yu)(yu)貯(zhu)運(yun) 3.19.1 采收(shou) 可根(gen)據客商(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，適(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采摘(zhai)，采摘(zhai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)分(fen)級放入干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)凈無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)竹筐內(nei)(nei)(nei)，嚴(yan)(yan)禁(jin)落入泥土(tu)、木(mu)屑(xie)(xie)或(huo)(huo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)雜(za)(za)(za)物，確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。 3.19.2 加(jia)(jia)工(gong) 一(yi)是保(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)。可利(li)用(yong)專用(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)庫低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)（2～3℃）保(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)，按(an)(an)客商(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)挑揀分(fen)級、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，再利(li)用(yong)冷(leng)藏(zang)車及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)銷。二是烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。采用(yong)專用(yong)烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)機烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)掌握(wo)起始溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)35℃，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)升1～2℃，逐(zhu)步升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)慢慢把菇(gu)(gu)體水(shui)份(fen)蒸發掉(diao)，最后階(jie)段溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)過65℃，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可關(guan)閉進風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)和(he)出(chu)(chu)(chu)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)，利(li)用(yong)熱(re)(re)循環(huan)(huan)(huan)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)維持(chi)(chi)2小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左右(you)，能(neng)(neng)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)達(da)到(dao)烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)后，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密封(feng)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)售(shou)。 3.19.3 貯(zhu)存和(he)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu) 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)貯(zhu)存、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、通(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)避風(feng)(feng)，防(fang)鼠、防(fang)曬(shai)(shai)、防(fang)震(zhen)、防(fang)雨淋、防(fang)塵(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)與(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物品(pin)(pin)混(hun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)混(hun)運(yun)。 3.19.4 注(zhu)意事項 3.19.4.1 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)過程中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)允(yun)(yun)許(xu)為(wei)(wei)了達(da)到(dao)防(fang)腐、保(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)或(huo)(huo)漂白(bai)等目的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)對(dui)(dui)人體有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良影(ying)(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥劑對(dui)(dui)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)處理。 3.19.4.2 不(bu)(bu)(bu)允(yun)(yun)許(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過農(nong)藥、化肥(fei)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容器包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)。 3.19.4.3 包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)須(xu)符合(he)(he)(he)國家有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過程應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉變，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)符合(he)(he)(he)國家有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包裝主要采用袋式或箱式包裝，包裝材(cai)料(liao)必須符(fu)合(he)國家強制性技術(shu)規范要求。產(chan)品(pin)有(you)明確標(biao)(biao)簽，內容包括：產(chan)品(pin)名稱、商標(biao)(biao)、產(chan)品(pin)執行標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、生產(chan)者(zhe)及詳(xiang)細地(di)址、凈含量及包裝日(ri)期，要求字跡清(qing)晰、完(wan)整、準(zhun)確。