省(sheng)立(li)一中(zhong)(zhong)具有光榮的(de)革命(ming)傳統,是太原(yuan)市暨山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)共黨(dang)團(tuan)組(zu)織的(de)誕(dan)生地,被(bei)稱(cheng)為山(shan)(shan)西(xi)革命(ming)史(shi)上的(de)“南湖”,在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)共發展史(shi)上具有重要的(de)意義。高(gao)君(jun)宇、王振翼、賀昌、王瀛、張叔平、張友清、彭真等(deng)曾就讀于此。
這里原(yuan)(yuan)是明清時期山(shan)西的(de)(de)貢院,1906年(nian)(nian)(nian)創辦山(shan)西公立(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)堂(tang),1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)更名為(wei)(wei)山(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)(li)(li)第(di)一中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)校。五四(si)運動時,省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)(li)(li)一中(zhong)的(de)(de)進(jin)步學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)與其他學(xue)(xue)校的(de)(de)進(jin)步學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)一起,與當局進(jin)行堅決的(de)(de)斗爭,取得了(le)勝利。高(gao)(gao)君宇(yu)、王振翼、賀(he)昌、王瀛、張(zhang)叔平、張(zhang)友(you)清、彭(peng)(peng)真(zhen)等大批早期共(gong)產(chan)主(zhu)義者和(he)無(wu)產(chan)階級革命家曾就(jiu)讀于(yu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)(li)(li)一中(zhong),并從事革命活動。1921年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue),以“喚醒勞工,改造社(she)會”為(wei)(wei)宗(zong)旨的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)社(she)會主(zhu)義青(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)團在(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)(li)(li)一中(zhong)成(cheng)立(li)(li)(li),這是山(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)立(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)第(di)一個團組織(zhi)(zhi)。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue),高(gao)(gao)君宇(yu)受中(zhong)共(gong)北方區(qu)委(wei)(wei)和(he)李大釗的(de)(de)委(wei)(wei)派,在(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)(li)(li)一中(zhong)建立(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)共(gong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)黨小組(后改為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)共(gong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)支(zhi)(zhi)部),這也是在(zai)山(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)建立(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)第(di)一個共(gong)產(chan)黨組織(zhi)(zhi)。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue),山(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)(fu)于(yu)彭(peng)(peng)真(zhen)同志誕辰100周年(nian)(nian)(nian)之際在(zai)此建起了(le)中(zhong)共(gong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)支(zhi)(zhi)部舊址紀念(nian)館(guan)。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)27日,經中(zhong)央同意,正式定名為(wei)(wei)彭(peng)(peng)真(zhen)生(sheng)平暨中(zhong)共(gong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)支(zhi)(zhi)部舊址紀念(nian)館(guan)。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)被省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)(fu)命名為(wei)(wei)愛國主(zhu)義教育基(ji)地,2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)被山(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)民(min)政府(fu)(fu)公布為(wei)(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級重點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位,2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)被國家文(wen)物(wu)(wu)局評為(wei)(wei)“國家二級博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)”,2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)被省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)(fu)和(he)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)軍區(qu)確定為(wei)(wei)國防教育基(ji)地。 2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)入(ru)選第(di)七批全(quan)國重點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位。