一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟(shu)悉汽車的朋友對(dui)ESP（車身電(dian)子穩定系統(tong)）、ABS（防抱(bao)死制(zhi)動系統(tong)）、TCS（牽引力控制(zhi)系統(tong)）等車載系統(tong)不會感到(dao)陌生，在新能源車上還有一個非常(chang)重要(yao)的系統(tong)，它(ta)就是BMS（電(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統(tong)），它(ta)又叫電(dian)池(chi)管家，那么它(ta)有什么作用呢？

據(ju)了解，新能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)上的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)管家是(shi)一個(ge)很(hen)龐大的(de)(de)軟硬件集(ji)合體(ti)，包括傳感器、中央處(chu)理(li)器、執行機(ji)構等(deng)，它的(de)(de)作(zuo)用主要是(shi)采集(ji)動力電(dian)池(chi)系統的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)、溫(wen)(wen)度、電(dian)流、電(dian)阻(zu)等(deng)數據(ju)，然后分析數據(ju)狀態和(he)電(dian)池(chi)使用環(huan)境，對電(dian)池(chi)系統充放電(dian)過程進(jin)行監測(ce)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，從而保證電(dian)池(chi)組在(zai)安全的(de)(de)工作(zuo)區間(jian)內，提(ti)供車(che)(che)輛(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)所需(xu)的(de)(de)必需(xu)信息(xi)，在(zai)出現(xian)異常時及時響(xiang)應并進(jin)行處(chu)理(li)，它也會根據(ju)環(huan)境溫(wen)(wen)度、電(dian)池(chi)狀態及車(che)(che)輛(liang)需(xu)求等(deng)決(jue)定(ding)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充放電(dian)功率等(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)(xi)統是對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行監(jian)控(kong)與控(kong)制的系(xi)(xi)統，將采集的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)信(xin)息實時反(fan)饋給用戶，同時根(gen)據采集的信(xin)息調(diao)節參數(shu)，充(chong)分發(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的性能(neng)，其功能(neng)主要(yao)有：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)池狀態分析最常(chang)見的(de)一種(zhong)就是動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池系統荷電(dian)狀態（SOC）估(gu)算，SOC其(qi)實(shi)指的(de)就是電(dian)池剩余電(dian)量和電(dian)池容量的(de)百分比。

SOC估(gu)算是BMS的(de)核心功能，同時也是評(ping)估(gu)電(dian)動車續航里程(cheng)的(de)主(zhu)要參(can)數。BMS通過遍布整個電(dian)池包的(de)傳(chuan)感器檢測(ce)電(dian)池參(can)數（電(dian)壓、電(dian)流和溫度等）信息(xi)(xi)，有的(de)電(dian)壓傳(chuan)感器精度非常(chang)高，1mv的(de)變化都(dou)可以被識別出(chu)(chu)來，由于(yu)探測(ce)的(de)信息(xi)(xi)準確(que)外加優秀的(de)算法處理(li)，電(dian)池的(de)剩余電(dian)量就可以被非常(chang)準確(que)的(de)計算出(chu)(chu)來。

在日常(chang)用(yong)(yong)車過(guo)程中(zhong)，車主可(ke)以通過(guo)中(zhong)控屏自主設(she)置SOC，SOC目標值可(ke)以理解成車輛(liang)電量平衡的目標值。當車輛(liang)電量高于(yu)設(she)置值時，系統(tong)動力分配會(hui)優先用(yong)(yong)電，降(jiang)低能耗；當車輛(liang)電量低于(yu)設(she)置值時，車輛(liang)行(xing)駛時會(hui)有一(yi)部分動力用(yong)(yong)于(yu)發電使電量上升，以保證用(yong)(yong)電需要(yao)。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)池的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度過高或者過低都會(hui)影(ying)響電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)活性，甚至會(hui)造成不可逆的(de)(de)物理(li)損傷，最終(zhong)影(ying)響電(dian)芯(xin)壽命，而BMS能夠為電(dian)池營造良好(hao)的(de)(de)運行環境(jing)。比如在寒(han)冷的(de)(de)地區，電(dian)池充電(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)降低，這(zhe)個(ge)時候BMS會(hui)調(diao)用(yong)(yong)加熱系(xi)(xi)統來讓電(dian)芯(xin)升溫(wen)(wen)使其達到舒適(shi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)環境(jing)；如果在夏季或者是電(dian)池發熱的(de)(de)情況下，BMS會(hui)調(diao)用(yong)(yong)冷卻系(xi)(xi)統為電(dian)芯(xin)降溫(wen)(wen)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)智能溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統大大提高電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統允許充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的單體最(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最(zui)高(gao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最(zui)高(gao)溫度、當前允許充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以及當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等信息與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進行交互，從而(er)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統按照適配的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高(gao)位后，BMS會限(xian)制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，進入到“涓流模式”（使電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真(zhen)正飽和、延(yan)長使用(yong)壽命），直(zhi)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結束最(zui)后斷(duan)開連接(jie)。

此外，BMS還會起到(dao)“均衡(heng)管理”的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單體(ti)之間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差，從(cong)而(er)保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)。這是因(yin)(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯由于先天因(yin)(yin)素或者工作(zuo)(zuo)溫度不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)，導致(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)各有(you)不(bu)同(tong)，所以(yi)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯里(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會出(chu)現不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)情況，比(bi)如有(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯已經充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)的(de)(de)卻還沒有(you)充(chong)滿。BMS系(xi)統(tong)可以(yi)起到(dao)調節作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾(ji)乎可以(yi)同(tong)時完成，比(bi)如通過旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較高的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其(qi)達到(dao)和其(qi)他(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯相同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，最終達到(dao)整體(ti)均衡(heng)。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對故障信息(xi)進行分析(xi)，通過相關策略對電池系統進行保(bao)護和控制(zhi)，同時讓(rang)故障燈點(dian)亮以便(bian)提醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除了通信功(gong)能外(wai)，BMS還能起(qi)到故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)診斷的功(gong)能。BMS會根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)芯(xin)參數和電(dian)池系統功(gong)能制定相應的故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)閾值(zhi)表，BMS通過故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)閾值(zhi)表對電(dian)池系統進行保護并(bing)上報故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)類(lei)型(xing)，方便后(hou)期的故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)排(pai)查(cha)以(yi)及(ji)檢修維護。