一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的
新能源汽車發展越來越快,但人們(men)對于動力電(dian)池的安全(quan)性一直非常在(zai)意(yi),誰都不希望自己花錢買來的電(dian)動汽車存在(zai)極大的安全(quan)風險,電(dian)池保護(hu)系統就是為了保護(hu)電(dian)池而設(she)計的,俗稱電(dian)池保姆(mu)。
電池管理系統對(dui)于電池(chi)的保護(hu),主要是通過下面(mian)兩(liang)種方式實(shi)現(xian)的:
1、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統實時監控每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)單元的電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流和溫度(du),通過(guo)精確(que)的數(shu)據(ju)監測來確(que)保電(dian)(dian)池(chi)工作在(zai)設(she)計的安(an)全(quan)參(can)數(shu)范圍內(nei)。當(dang)任何關鍵指(zhi)標達到或(huo)超(chao)過(guo)預設(she)閾值時,BMS會立即采取應對措施,例如切斷電(dian)(dian)源或(huo)降低電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)速率,從而避免電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)熱、過(guo)充或(huo)過(guo)放,預防可能導致的損壞甚至(zhi)安(an)全(quan)事故。
2、BMS電(dian)(dian)池管理系統具備強大的故(gu)障檢(jian)測和診(zhen)斷功能,它可以(yi)即時識別(bie)出電(dian)(dian)池系統中的異(yi)常行(xing)為,如電(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)穩、電(dian)(dian)流異(yi)常或是溫度(du)突(tu)變等,并向駕駛員或維修人員發(fa)送警報,這些及時的反饋可以(yi)幫助(zhu)迅速解決潛(qian)在的問題,從(cong)而保障用(yong)戶的行(xing)車安全。
二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種
電池(chi)保姆對電池(chi)的(de)保護是(shi)它的(de)主要功能(neng)之(zhi)一(yi),一(yi)般電池(chi)管理系統主要有四大保護功能(neng):
1、過充保護
過(guo)充保(bao)護是(shi)指鋰電(dian)池(chi)在充電(dian)的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong),隨著電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)到超出(chu)合理(li)(li)范圍后,會帶來不確定(ding)的(de)危(wei)險。而電(dian)池(chi)管理(li)(li)系統(tong)的(de)過(guo)充保(bao)護功(gong)能就是(shi)實時(shi)監測電(dian)池(chi)組的(de)電(dian)壓(ya),當充電(dian)到安全電(dian)壓(ya)范圍頂點時(shi),就切(qie)斷電(dian)源,防止電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)繼(ji)續升(sheng)高(gao)(gao),從而起到保(bao)護作用(yong)。
新能源汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)池管理系(xi)統會實時(shi)監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)的每(mei)串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),只要有其(qi)中一串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到達過充保護值(zhi)(三元的過充電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認為(wei)(wei)4.25V±0.05V,鐵(tie)鋰(li)的過充電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認為(wei)(wei)3.75V±0.05V),電(dian)(dian)池管理系(xi)統就會切斷電(dian)(dian)源,整組(zu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池都停止充電(dian)(dian)。
2、過放保護
過(guo)放保護(hu)(hu)是指(zhi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過(guo)程中,隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang),如果(guo)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全部(bu)放完耗盡,鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)的化學(xue)材料就會(hui)失(shi)去活(huo)性,導致充不進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或容量下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統的過(guo)放保護(hu)(hu)功能就是實(shi)時監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,當放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓最低點(dian)時,就切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的繼(ji)續下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang),從(cong)而(er)起(qi)到保護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。
新能源汽車放(fang)(fang)電(dian)時(shi),電(dian)池管理系統(tong)會實時(shi)監測(ce)電(dian)池組的每串電(dian)壓(ya),只要有其中一串電(dian)壓(ya)到(dao)達過放(fang)(fang)保護值(三元的過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)壓(ya)默(mo)認為(wei)2.7V±0.1V,鐵鋰(li)的過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)壓(ya)默(mo)認為(wei)2.2V±0.1V),電(dian)池管理系統(tong)就會切斷電(dian)源,整(zheng)組鋰(li)電(dian)池都停止放(fang)(fang)電(dian)。
3、過流保護
鋰電(dian)池(chi)在給負載供電(dian)時(shi),電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)會隨著電(dian)壓和功率的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)而變(bian)化(hua)(hua),當(dang)(dang)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)很大時(shi),容易燒壞(huai)保(bao)護板、電(dian)池(chi)或(huo)(huo)設備(bei)。而電(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理系統的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護功能(neng)就是充放電(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中實時(shi)監測電(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu),當(dang)(dang)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)安全范(fan)圍內時(shi),就切斷電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)經過(guo)(guo)(guo),防止電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)大損(sun)壞(huai)電(dian)池(chi)或(huo)(huo)設備(bei),從而起到保(bao)護作用。
新能源汽車充放電時,電池管理系統會(hui)實時監(jian)測電池組(zu)電流(liu),只要(yao)到達(da)了設定(ding)的過流(liu)保護值,電池管理系(xi)統就會(hui)切斷電源,整(zheng)組(zu)鋰電池都停(ting)止充放電。
4、溫度保護
電(dian)池(chi)管理系統的硬件保護(hu)板(ban)的溫(wen)控探(tan)頭是焊接(jie)到(dao)保護(hu)板(ban)內部主板(ban)的,不可(ke)拔插(cha)。溫(wen)控探(tan)頭能(neng)實時(shi)監(jian)(jian)測電(dian)池(chi)組或(huo)工作環(huan)境的溫(wen)度變(bian)化,當(dang)監(jian)(jian)測到(dao)溫(wen)度超出設定的值(硬件的溫(wen)控保護(hu)默(mo)認:充(chong)電(dian)-20~55℃,放電(dian)-40~75℃,可(ke)根據客(ke)(ke)戶的要(yao)求(qiu)更改,客(ke)(ke)戶不能(neng)自行設置)時(shi),斷開電(dian)池(chi)組的充(chong)放電(dian),當(dang)溫(wen)度恢復(fu)指(zhi)合理范圍后(hou),才可(ke)繼(ji)續(xu)充(chong)放電(dian),起(qi)到(dao)保護(hu)作用。