船舶是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)在地(di)理水(shui)中運行的(de)人造交通(tong)工具。另外(wai)，民用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，軍用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)艦，小型(xing)(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)艇或舟(zhou)，其總稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)艦船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)或船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)艇。內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包括容納(na)空間(jian)、支(zhi)撐結構和(he)排水(shui)結構，具有(you)利用(yong)(yong)外(wai)在或自帶能源的(de)推進(jin)系統(tong)。外(wai)型(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)是利于(yu)克服流體(ti)(ti)(ti)阻力的(de)流線性(xing)包絡，材料(liao)(liao)隨著科技(ji)進(jin)步不斷更新，早期為(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)、竹、麻等(deng)自然(ran)材料(liao)(liao)，近(jin)代(dai)多(duo)是鋼材以(yi)及(ji)鋁、玻璃纖維(wei)、亞克力和(he)各種(zhong)復(fu)合材料(liao)(liao)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)是由許多(duo)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)構成的(de)，按各部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)和(he)用(yong)(yong)途，可(ke)綜合歸納(na)為(wei)(wei)(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)力裝置(zhi)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)電氣(qi)等(deng)三大(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)是船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)基本部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)上(shang)層建筑部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)指上(shang)甲(jia)(jia)板以(yi)下的(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，它是由船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)殼(船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)底及(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)側(ce))和(he)上(shang)甲(jia)(jia)板圍成的(de)具有(you)特(te)定形狀的(de)空心體(ti)(ti)(ti)，是保證(zheng)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)具有(you)所需浮力、航海性(xing)能和(he)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)強度的(de)關鍵部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)布(bu)置(zhi)動(dong)力裝置(zhi)、裝載貨物、儲存燃油(you)和(he)淡水(shui)，以(yi)及(ji)布(bu)置(zhi)其他各種(zhong)艙(cang)室(shi)。