背景介紹：

禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祖(zu)師為印(yin)度高僧達摩尊者(zhe)，傳慧可(ke)、僧璨、道信。至五(wu)祖(zu)弘(hong)忍后(hou)又分為南宗(zong)(zong)(zong)惠能(neng)（六祖(zu)），北宗(zong)(zong)(zong)神秀(xiu)。之后(hou)隨著(zhu)大范圍(wei)傳播發展，又分成(cheng)溈仰(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、臨濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、曹洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、云門(men)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、法(fa)眼宗(zong)(zong)(zong)；臨濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)后(hou)來(lai)又形成(cheng)黃龍、楊岐兩派，稱為“五(wu)家七宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”。禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)五(wu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)當中，保存下來(lai)的(de)只有臨濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和曹洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)兩派，其他(ta)三(san)派法(fa)眼云門(men)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和溈仰(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)從宋朝之后(hou)就已(yi)經失傳。

在禪門(men)五(wu)宗(zong)中，臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)從宋(song)以(yi)后(hou)基(ji)本(ben)上成(cheng)為禪宗(zong)主流(liu)，臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)流(liu)傳時間長(chang)，影響大，從曹溪的六(liu)(liu)祖惠(hui)能，歷南岳、馬祖、百丈、黃檗，一直到臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)的義玄，于(yu)(yu)臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)禪院舉揚一家(jia)，后(hou)世稱(cheng)為臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)。義玄是惠(hui)能的六(liu)(liu)世法(fa)孫。又臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)六(liu)(liu)世孫為石霜之圓(yuan)禪師(shi)。圓(yuan)禪師(shi)以(yi)后(hou)分楊岐(qi)派、黃龍派。已故深(shen)圳弘(hong)法(fa)寺(si)佛門(men)泰斗本(ben)煥(huan)長(chang)老是臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)法(fa)派第四十四代(dai)傳人，本(ben)煥(huan)長(chang)老舍利(li)供奉于(yu)(yu):深(shen)圳弘(hong)法(fa)寺(si)、敦(dun)煌雷(lei)音寺(si)、福泉(quan)寺(si)等(deng)。

曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)最初(chu)創立并(bing)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)云居(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，而是在(zai)(zai)宜春(chun)宜豐縣的洞(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和撫州宜黃縣的曹(cao)(cao)(cao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)分別創立。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)派要一(yi)直傳(chuan)(chuan)承下來并(bing)不(bu)(bu)容易，曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)在(zai)(zai)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)脈僅傳(chuan)(chuan)了(le)4代(dai)就失傳(chuan)(chuan)了(le)，最終還是洞(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)脈在(zai)(zai)云居(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)真(zhen)如寺弘法，將曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)傳(chuan)(chuan)承至今(jin)(jin)。禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)與(yu)凈土(tu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)流(liu)。臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)風(feng)一(yi)剛一(yi)柔，臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為國內主流(liu)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)漸臨(lin)消泯后(hou)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)一(yi)支，由于疏山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)匡仁、云居(ju)道膺門下弟子眾多(duo)，可以(yi)衍延下去，直至今(jin)(jin)天(tian)。另外新羅(今(jin)(jin)朝鮮)僧人利嚴(870—936年)曾嗣法于道膺，歸國后(hou)在(zai)(zai)須彌山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)建廣照增，創須彌山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)派。公元(yuan)13世紀(ji)初(chu)，日本(ben)僧人道元(yuan)又(you)將曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)日本(ben)，開立日本(ben)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。到20世紀(ji)80年代(dai)，日本(ben)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)信徒(tu)已(yi)發展到1000多(duo)萬人。

日(ri)本(ben)傳(chuan)統佛教的(de)(de)“十(shi)三宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”這13宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為(wei)：臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、黃檗宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自中(zhong)國(guo)本(ben)屬于臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)）、曹(cao)洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自中(zhong)國(guo)）、凈土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自中(zhong)國(guo)）、真言宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（又稱“東(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)”相(xiang)傳(chuan)為(wei)唐朝密(mi)(mi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)青(qing)龍寺惠果大師真傳(chuan)）、天臺宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)“東(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)”相(xiang)對，又稱“臺密(mi)(mi)”，源(yuan)于中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)天臺宗(zong)(zong)(zong)）、律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)似）、華(hua)嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)華(hua)嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)似）、法相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)法相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)似）、凈土真宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、日(ri)蓮(lian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、融通念(nian)佛宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、時宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。