依據《2021年太原市國民經濟和社會發展統計公報》，至2021年末，太原全市常住人口為5390957人，比上年增加72435人，增長1.36%，常住人口在山西全省位居首位，是山西人口最多的城市。2021年末全市常住人口中，出生人口41645人，出生率為7.83‰。死亡人口30967人，死亡率為5.82‰。人口自然增長率為2.01‰。 全市人口分布情況：021年末全市常住人口中，城鎮人口為4810087人，占常住人口的89.23%；鄉村人口為580870人，占常住人口的10.77%。男性為2757901人，占常住人口的51.16%；女性為2633056人，占常住人口的48.84%，性別比（以女性為100，男性對女性的比例）為104.74。

據Maigoo小(xiao)編了(le)解，截至2021年末，太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)10個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu))中，常(chang)住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)超過百萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu))有(you)1個(ge)，即小(xiao)店(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，常(chang)住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)達(da)到141.42萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)最多的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu))；常(chang)住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)在50-100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)之間的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu))有(you)4個(ge)，依(yi)次(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)柏林區(qu)(qu)(qu)、杏花(hua)嶺區(qu)(qu)(qu)、迎澤區(qu)(qu)(qu)、尖草(cao)坪區(qu)(qu)(qu)，常(chang)住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)分別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)96.83萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、78.56萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、59.14萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、53.43萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)；常(chang)住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)在10-50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)之間的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu))有(you)4個(ge)，依(yi)次(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)清徐縣(xian)(xian)、晉源區(qu)(qu)(qu)、古交市(shi)(shi)(shi)、陽曲縣(xian)(xian)，常(chang)住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)分別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)34.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、32.54萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、21.09萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、12.64萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)；常(chang)住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)少于(yu)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu))有(you)1個(ge)，即婁煩縣(xian)(xian)，常(chang)住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)僅8.86萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)最少的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu))。此外(wai)，太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)常(chang)住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)為(wei)461.91萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，占全市(shi)(shi)(shi)總人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)比(bi)重為(wei)85.68%。

從太原(yuan)各縣(市(shi)、區(qu))城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)分(fen)布情(qing)況來看，太原(yuan)市(shi)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)為(wei)481.01萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)，城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)率(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)89.23；其中，5個縣(市(shi)、區(qu))城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)率(lv)(lv)(lv)高于太原(yuan)平均(jun)(jun)水(shui)平，分(fen)別(bie)是萬柏林(lin)區(qu)、迎澤(ze)區(qu)、尖草坪區(qu)、杏花嶺區(qu)、小店區(qu)，萬柏林(lin)區(qu)全部為(wei)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)，城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)率(lv)(lv)(lv)100%；其余(yu)5個縣(市(shi)、區(qu))城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)率(lv)(lv)(lv)均(jun)(jun)低(di)于太原(yuan)平均(jun)(jun)水(shui)平，而清徐(xu)縣城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)14.79萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)，城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)率(lv)(lv)(lv)最低(di)，僅42.75%。