瓷胎竹編,工藝品,又稱(細絲工藝品)、瓷胎竹編,是成都地區獨特的傳統手工藝品,也是四川特產的一(yi)種,起源(yuan)于清代中葉,當時(shi)主要(yao)用做貢品(pin)。由于世道(dao)艱辛(xin),技藝(yi)幾經(jing)絕傳,五十年(nian)代經(jing)重新發掘、恢(hui)復生產。瓷(ci)胎竹編產品(pin)技藝(yi)獨(du)特,以精(jing)細見長,具有(you)"精(jing)選(xuan)料、特細絲、緊(jin)貼胎、密(mi)藏頭、五彩圖"的技藝(yi)特色。瓷(ci)胎竹編產品(pin)只(zhi)有(you)四川(chuan)生產,以其紀念(nian)性、地方性成為中外賓(bin)客(ke)優選(xuan)的旅(lv)游紀念(nian)品(pin)。2008年(nian)入選(xuan)第一(yi)批國家級(ji)非物質文(wen)化遺產擴展(zhan)項目名錄。
瓷胎(tai)竹(zhu)編主要產地(di)在四川(chuan),瓷胎(tai)竹(zhu)編工藝(yi)品是(shi)成都地(di)區(qu)的地(di)方獨特(te)手工藝(yi)品,起(qi)源于(yu)清(qing)代(dai)中葉,當時(shi)主要用做貢品。瓷胎(tai)竹(zhu)編產品技藝(yi)獨特(te),以精細見長,具有"精選料、特(te)細絲、緊(jin)貼胎(tai)、密藏頭、五彩圖"的技藝(yi)特(te)色。而(er)由于(yu)世道艱辛(xin),技藝(yi)幾經絕傳,五十年代(dai)經重(zhong)新發掘、恢(hui)復生產。
瓷(ci)胎(tai)竹(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)工藝使用的竹(zhu)(zhu)材是經過(guo)(guo)嚴(yan)格(ge)挑選來自(zi)成(cheng)都(dou)地區的特長無節瓷(ci)竹(zhu)(zhu),經過(guo)(guo)破竹(zhu)(zhu)、烤色(se)(se)、去節、分層、定色(se)(se)、刮平、劃絲(si)、抽(chou)勻等十幾道(dao)工序(xu),全是手工操作(zuo),制作(zuo)出精(jing)細的竹(zhu)(zhu)絲(si)。瓷(ci)胎(tai)竹(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)所用竹(zhu)(zhu)絲(si)斷面(mian)(mian)全為矩形(xing),在(zai)(zai)厚(hou)(hou)薄粗細上都(dou)有嚴(yan)格(ge)要求,厚(hou)(hou)度僅(jin)為一兩根(gen)(gen)(gen)頭(tou)發(fa)絲(si)厚(hou)(hou),寬度也只(zhi)有四五根(gen)(gen)(gen)發(fa)絲(si)寬,根(gen)(gen)(gen)根(gen)(gen)(gen)竹(zhu)(zhu)絲(si)都(dou)通過(guo)(guo)勻刀,達到厚(hou)(hou)薄均勻,粗細一致,觀者無不(bu)贊嘆(tan)其難。瓷(ci)胎(tai)竹(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)在(zai)(zai)制作(zuo)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)全憑(ping)雙手和一把(ba)刀進行手工編(bian)織,讓(rang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)根(gen)(gen)(gen)竹(zhu)(zhu)絲(si)依胎(tai)成(cheng)形(xing),緊(jin)貼瓷(ci)面(mian)(mian),所有接頭(tou)之處都(dou)做到藏而不(bu)露,宛如天然(ran)生(sheng)成(cheng)、渾然(ran)一體(ti)。瓷(ci)胎(tai)竹(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)產品只(zhi)使用竹(zhu)(zhu)材表面(mian)(mian)一層,纖維(wei)十分致密,同時(shi)進行了特殊的處理(li),能夠耐干(gan)燥(zao),不(bu)變形(xing),不(bu)蟲蛀,耐水可清洗。
瓷(ci)(ci)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)產品(pin)(pin)按(an)(an)造型(xing)主要(yao)分為瓶(ping)(ping)壇(tan)包盒(he)具(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)幾大(da)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。花(hua)瓶(ping)(ping)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)小到(dao)(dao) 5 CM的(de)(de)單件瓶(ping)(ping),也(ye)有(you)大(da)到(dao)(dao) 145CM的(de)(de)千件瓶(ping)(ping),可適合(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)場(chang)合(he)的(de)(de)需要(yao)。壇(tan)罐類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)茶(cha)杯(bei)、糖缸、茶(cha)葉(xie)罐等(deng)實用(yong)(yong)(yong)品(pin)(pin)。竹(zhu)包類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)兩(liang)大(da)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)六個規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)竹(zhu)包手袋(dai)和(he)挎(kua)包。竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)盒(he)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)竹(zhu)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、紙(zhi)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、漆(qi)器胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)幾種,規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)有(you)7CM、9CM、11CM、13CM、15CM等(deng)幾種,還分為單盒(he)、內三(san)(san)格(ge)(ge)盒(he)和(he)套三(san)(san)盒(he)等(deng)。竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)具(ju)(ju)(ju)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)則是工(gong)(gong)廠的(de)(de)主要(yao)品(pin)(pin)種和(he)技術優勢所在(zai)。纏嘴(zui)過把、緊扣瓷(ci)(ci)器,精(jing)心編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)出(chu)(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)(an),是瓷(ci)(ci)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)產品(pin)(pin)與(yu)其它任何(he)竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)獨特(te)技藝(yi),是最能(neng)體現出(chu)(chu)瓷(ci)(ci)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)以(yi)(yi)精(jing)細見長特(te)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)地方。按(an)(an)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途分有(you)茶(cha)具(ju)(ju)(ju)酒具(ju)(ju)(ju)咖(ka)啡具(ju)(ju)(ju)、文具(ju)(ju)(ju)煙具(ju)(ju)(ju),還有(you)功夫茶(cha)具(ju)(ju)(ju)、日式茶(cha)具(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)提(ti)(ti)(ti)梁茶(cha)具(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)等(deng)。按(an)(an)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)分,從套二套三(san)(san)的(de)(de)酒具(ju)(ju)(ju)茶(cha)碗到(dao)(dao)十(shi)五頭二十(shi)二頭一套的(de)(de)咖(ka)啡具(ju)(ju)(ju)都有(you)。按(an)(an)底胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)材(cai)質不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),既(ji)有(you)瓷(ci)(ci)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、陶胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、漆(qi)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、玻胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai), 也(ye)有(you)臺灣客人(ren)偏好的(de)(de)紫(zi)砂胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。按(an)(an)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)瓷(ci)(ci)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)產品(pin)(pin)分為普通(tong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)、提(ti)(ti)(ti)花(hua)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)和(he)五彩圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)(an)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)。普通(tong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)以(yi)(yi)古銅色(se)(se)的(de)(de)烤絲(si)為主,配以(yi)(yi)普通(tong)幾何(he)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)(an)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)制作批量產品(pin)(pin)。提(ti)(ti)(ti)花(hua)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)則用(yong)(yong)(yong)新竹(zhu)青絲(si)經緯等(deng)寬,便(bian)于(yu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)各類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)單色(se)(se)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)(an)文字手跡(ji),更以(yi)(yi)熊貓圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)(an)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)為多(duo),主要(yao)制作花(hua)瓶(ping)(ping)茶(cha)具(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)產品(pin)(pin)。五彩圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)(an)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)充(chong)分發揮五彩絲(si)的(de)(de)特(te)色(se)(se),運用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)種不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)技藝(yi)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)各種不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)色(se)(se)彩編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)出(chu)(chu)千變萬化的(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)(an)效果,多(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)制作展品(pin)(pin)、禮品(pin)(pin)和(he)高檔精(jing)品(pin)(pin)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)技藝(yi)主要(yao)有(you)疏編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、疏細結合(he)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、破(po)經編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、換經編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、浸色(se)(se)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、浮(fu)雕(diao)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、立體編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)等(deng)二十(shi)多(duo)種。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)五彩圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)(an)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)方法可制作出(chu)(chu)山水(shui)花(hua)鳥、飛禽(qin)走獸、人(ren)物故事等(deng)維妙維肖的(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)(an)。
瓷胎竹編以依胎成型、緊扣底胎為其特色,也受其限制。近年來,工廠發揮瓷胎竹編技藝,移植到其他底胎和無胎產品中,開發了竹編首飾盒和竹編包類、竹編動物等新產品新品種。我們將繼續努力,創造瓷胎竹編的未來。瓷(ci)胎竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)工藝品的產(chan)品常規(gui)分類:瓷(ci)胎竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)花瓶(ping)、竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)茶具、瓷(ci)胎竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)咖啡(fei)具、瓷(ci)胎竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)酒(jiu)具、瓷(ci)胎竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)文(wen)具、竹(zhu)編(bian)(bian)平面畫。
瓷胎(tai)竹(zhu)編(bian)產(chan)(chan)品只有四川生產(chan)(chan),以其紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)性、地方性成為中外賓客優(you)選的旅游紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)品。特別是5CM、7CM系列的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)小(xiao)花瓶(ping)以及功夫茶具等小(xiao)巧玲(ling)瓏、便于(yu)攜帶(dai)的瓷胎(tai)竹(zhu)編(bian)產(chan)(chan)品非常受旅游客人(ren)的青(qing)睞。瓷胎(tai)竹(zhu)編(bian)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品也可做(zuo)外事接待(dai)、出國(guo)人(ren)員禮品和國(guo)內大型活動(dong)的禮品、紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)品。瓷胎(tai)竹(zhu)編(bian)產(chan)(chan)品還是欣賞與(yu)實用相結合的實用工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品。不(bu)少日(ri)本(ben)客人(ren)和東南亞客人(ren)購買回去,不(bu)僅(jin)作(zuo)為工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品欣賞,也做(zuo)為實用品自(zi)賞或待(dai)客,甚(shen)至(zhi)作(zuo)為茶道用具。
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