蓄電池常用的充電方法

恒定電流充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流始終保持(chi)(chi)不變，叫做恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡(jian)稱恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或(huo)等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中由于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸升(sheng)高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸下(xia)降(jiang)，為保持(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不致因蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高(gao)而(er)(er)減(jian)小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)必須逐漸升(sheng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以(yi)維持(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流始終不變，這(zhe)對于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)自動化(hua)程(cheng)度要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao)，一般簡(jian)陋的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備是不能滿足(zu)恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)。恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最大(da)答應的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流情(qing)況下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就可以(yi)縮短。若(ruo)(ruo)從(cong)時間上考慮，采用此法(fa)有(you)利的(de)。但在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若(ruo)(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流仍不變，這(zhe)時由于大(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)水上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液出氣(qi)泡過(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)而(er)(er)顯沸騰狀(zhuang)，這(zhe)不僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而(er)(er)且輕易(yi)使(shi)極板(ban)上活性物質大(da)量(liang)脫落，溫(wen)升(sheng)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)，造成極板(ban)彎曲，容量(liang)迅速下(xia)降(jiang)而(er)(er)提前報廢(fei)。所以(yi)，這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)很少采用。

恒定電壓充電法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓始終(zhong)(zhong)保持不(bu)變，叫做(zuo)恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，簡(jian)稱恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法或等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。由于(yu)恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始至后期，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓始終(zhong)(zhong)保持一定，所以(yi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)相當(dang)大(da)(da)(da)，大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)超過(guo)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值。但隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸(jian)升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)減(jian)(jian)小。當(dang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相等時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減(jian)(jian)至最小甚至為(wei)零(ling)。由此可(ke)見，采用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)優點在于(yu)，可(ke)以(yi)避免(mian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)(da)(da)而造成(cheng)極(ji)板活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質脫落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)損失。但其缺點是(shi)，在剛開始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質體積變化收縮太快，影(ying)響(xiang)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質的(de)機械強度，致(zhi)使其脫落。而在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)又過(guo)小，使極(ji)板深處的(de)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質得不(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成(cheng)長期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，影(ying)響(xiang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命。所以(yi)這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法一般(ban)只適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備較簡(jian)陋的(de)特殊(shu)場合(he)，如汽車(che)上蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)式的(de)小蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用(yong)(yong)等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。采用(yong)(yong)等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法給蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓：酸性蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)每(mei)(mei)個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)2.4～2.8V左右，堿性蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)每(mei)(mei)個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)1.6～2.0V左右。

有固定電阻的恒定電壓充電

為(wei)補救恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的缺點而采(cai)用的一種方法。即在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間串聯一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以調(diao)整(zheng)。但有(you)時(shi)最大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)受到(dao)限制，因此隨(sui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)的進(jin)行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻幾乎成為(wei)直(zhi)線衰減。有(you)時(shi)使用兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值，約在2.4V時(shi)，從(cong)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻轉換到(dao)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以減少出氣(qi)。

階段等流充電法

綜合恒(heng)流(liu)和恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)特點(dian)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期用(yong)較大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，經過一段(duan)(duan)時間改用(yong)較小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，至充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期改用(yong)更小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即不同階段(duan)(duan)內以不同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方法(fa)，叫做階段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。階段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，一般可分(fen)為兩個階段(duan)(duan)進行，也可分(fen)為多個階段(duan)(duan)進行。

階段等流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法所需充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間短，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)效果(guo)也好。由于充電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期改用(yong)較小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣(yang)減少了氣泡對(dui)極板(ban)活(huo)性物質的(de)沖洗，減少了活(huo)性物質的(de)脫落。這種(zhong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法能(neng)延(yan)長(chang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)壽命，并節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底(di)，所以是(shi)當前(qian)常用(yong)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。一(yi)般蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池第一(yi)階段以10h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，第二階段以20h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。各(ge)階段充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)是(shi)非，各(ge)種(zhong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)具(ju)體要求和標準不一(yi)樣(yang)。

浮充電法

間歇使(shi)用(yong)的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池或僅在交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時才(cai)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)為浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)。一些(xie)特殊場合(he)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)固(gu)定型(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池一般(ban)均采用(yong)浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)優點主要(yao)在于能減(jian)少蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)析氣率，并可防(fang)止過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時由于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池同(tong)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源并聯供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池瞬時輸出大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這有助于鎮靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系(xi)統的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)正常。浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)缺點是個別蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不均衡(heng)和(he)充(chong)(chong)不足電(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以需要(yao)進(jin)行定期的(de)均衡(heng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池的快速充電方法

定電流定周期快速充電法

這(zhe)種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的特點是，以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅度(du)恒(heng)定和周期(qi)恒(heng)定的脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖之間有一(yi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖進(jin)行往極化(hua)，以(yi)進(jin)步蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能(neng)力(li)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)及其脈寬不受蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態的影響(xiang)(xiang)。因此，它(ta)是一(yi)種開環式脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)易使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池布滿容量，但假如(ru)不增加防止過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的保護裝置，輕易造成強烈的過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，影響(xiang)(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命。在這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)中，固然整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程均(jun)加有往極化(hua)措施(shi)，但是這(zhe)種固定的往極化(hua)措施(shi)，難于適合(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)過(guo)程的要求。

定電流定出氣率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)特點(dian)是：在整個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈沖的(de)(de)幅值(zhi)和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)率(lv)(lv)始終保持不變。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)初期，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)略低于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)初始接(jie)(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，由于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可接(jie)(jie)受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)減小，所(suo)以經過(guo)一段時間(jian)后，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)將超過(guo)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)可接(jie)(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，因而蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)(nei)將產生較多的(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)率(lv)(lv)明顯增加。此時，氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)檢(jian)測元(yuan)件能夠(gou)及時發(fa)出(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)制信號，迫使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進行短時放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)樣蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)(nei)部的(de)(de)極(ji)化作用很(hen)快消失(shi)，因而出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)率(lv)(lv)可以始終保持在較低的(de)(de)預定值(zhi)內(nei)(nei)。目前(qian)，國(guo)外有這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)方案。國(guo)內(nei)(nei)因缺少(shao)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)敏感元(yuan)件， 對這(zhe)種(zhong)方法很(hen)少(shao)研(yan)究(jiu)。

定電流定電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)(de)特點是，以(yi)恒(heng)定大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待充(chong)(chong)(chong)到一定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（相當于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)出氣(qi)點的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）時，停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進行大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（或小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極(ji)化，然后再以(yi)恒(heng)定大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，依此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)交(jiao)替地進行。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)而增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)(de)寬(kuan)度隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)而減少。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)基(ji)本相等時，表示(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已(yi)布滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，立即結(jie)束充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

根據這種方法(fa)，國內外都有多種方案(an)來實現(xian)蓄電(dian)(dian)池快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。這種方法(fa)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期無往極(ji)化措施。在加有往極(ji)化措施后充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖寬度不斷減小(xiao)，使(shi)得充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)均勻值下降較快，延長了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間。

定電流提升電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方法(fa)是(shi)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)往極化快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的改(gai)進(jin)。它是(shi)以恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)（如IC）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，當蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)出氣點電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后（單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)2.35～2.5V）時，停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)（如放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)2～3C，脈沖寬(kuan)度(du)(du)(du)為1ms），然后再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)……從加有放電(dian)(dian)往極化脈沖以后，用(yong)積分器件門路形(xing)跟(gen)蹤(zong)調(diao)高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（提(ti)升出氣點電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)），以加快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)速度(du)(du)(du)和(he)進(jin)步布滿程度(du)(du)(du)。其它和(he)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)相同(tong)。

定電壓定頻率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種方法的特點(dian)是，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)幅(fu)(fu)值保持恒定，隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的進行(xing)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)動勢逐漸上升(sheng)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流幅(fu)(fu)值逐漸減(jian)小(xiao)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)流的頻(pin)率恒定，在兩(liang)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)之間加有放(fang)電(dian)(dian)往極化脈沖(chong)。

端電壓和充放電頻率選擇脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方(fang)法的(de)特(te)點(dian)是，根(gen)據蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)過程中(zhong)的(de)極(ji)化情況選擇充放電(dian)脈沖的(de)頻率，并在充電(dian)后期將蓄電(dian)池端電(dian)壓限定(ding)在預選的(de)數值，使(shi)出氣率限制(zhi)在一(yi)定(ding)的(de)容許(xu)值。

適應全過程往極化脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方法的特點是，在(zai)(zai)充(chong)電全過(guo)程都(dou)適時(shi)加有(you)往(wang)(wang)極(ji)化(hua)的放電脈沖，在(zai)(zai)放電脈沖后充(chong)電電流(liu)恢復之前，均進(jin)行往(wang)(wang)極(ji)化(hua)效(xiao)果(guo)檢測，達(da)到一定往(wang)(wang)極(ji)化(hua)效(xiao)果(guo)再轉(zhuan)回(hui)充(chong)電，否則再次進(jin)行往(wang)(wang)極(ji)化(hua)放電，直至達(da)到往(wang)(wang)極(ji)化(hua)要求的效(xiao)果(guo)才轉(zhuan)回(hui)充(chong)電，這樣，可使往(wang)(wang)極(ji)措施適應全過(guo)程。這種方案能有(you)效(xiao)地將氣體析出量(liang)抑(yi)制在(zai)(zai)很小(xiao)的數值(zhi)內。

蓄電池理想充電方法

三階段充電法

目前的航(hang)空(kong)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)均采(cai)(cai)用(yong)階段(duan)恒流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。一般(ban)酸(suan)性航(hang)空(kong)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)恒流(liu)兩(liang)階段(duan)充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。堿性航(hang)空(kong)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)恒流(liu)兩(liang)階段(duan)充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)或恒流(liu)一階段(duan)充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。但這種充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)在充電(dian)(dian)中間階段(duan)闊別了充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)接受率曲線，所(suo)以(yi)三階段(duan)充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)更好一點(dian)。

三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)是兩(liang)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)等(deng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)和恒(heng)定等(deng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)相結合(he)的方式。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)和結束時(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，中間(jian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)為恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期用(yong)(yong)較大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，經過一段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)改為恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流衰減(jian)到預定值(zhi)時(shi)，由第(di)二階(jie)(jie)段(duan)轉到第(di)三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的優點是：避免了(le)恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過大，而后期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流又過小的情況，比二階(jie)(jie)段(duan)等(deng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在中間(jian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)更接近充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流接受率曲(qu)線。這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)減(jian)少了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣量，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹(che)底，延長(chang)了(le)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)(yong)壽命。三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變(bian)化曲(qu)線如圖1所示。

定電流定電壓快速充電法

以恒(heng)定大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當充(chong)(chong)(chong)到蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的出氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)進(jin)行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)依次交替進(jin)行。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)的寬(kuan)度(du)隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)增加(jia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)寬(kuan)度(du)隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)增加(jia)而(er)減(jian)小。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)相(xiang)等時，表明蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已基(ji)(ji)本(ben)布滿，立即(ji)結(jie)束充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

地方上已有(you)這種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，其工作(zuo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)三(san)相(xiang)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經(jing)接觸器、變(bian)壓(ya)器及(ji)可控硅(gui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。待蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，經(jing)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳(chuan)感器檢測并發(fa)出(chu)(chu)(chu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。此信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)使(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態控制(zhi)器轉為停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，并發(fa)出(chu)(chu)(chu)三(san)個(ge)控制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。第(di)(di)一個(ge)控制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)是(shi)關(guan)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)發(fa)生器的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。第(di)(di)二控制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)是(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)往極化(hua)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，它(ta)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路延時(shi)(shi)（t1-t2）后，發(fa)出(chu)(chu)(chu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)，打(da)開(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)向(xiang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并經(jing)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路延時(shi)(shi)（t2- t3）后，發(fa)出(chu)(chu)(chu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)關(guan)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)，結束(shu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。依次(ci)重復進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，直(zhi)至(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)。第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)控制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)送給開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計時(shi)(shi)器，使(shi)(shi)其從(cong)第(di)(di)一次(ci)往極化(hua)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)計時(shi)(shi)，到預定的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)后結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，自動(dong)關(guan)機。用這種(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流波形如(ru)圖2所示。上述兩種(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)改進方向(xiang)。我國采用的(de)(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方案很(hen)多(duo)，性(xing)能差異很(hen)大。各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)壽命影響(xiang)也大不相(xiang)同。這兩種(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)在理論上比較適合(he)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)要求。

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