怎樣(yang)挑選皮(pi)蛋(dan)(dan) 怎么辨別皮(pi)蛋(dan)(dan)的(de)顏色
基本信息
皮蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)又(you)稱松(song)花蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)、變蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)等,是我(wo)國(guo)傳統的(de)(de)風味蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)制(zhi)品,不(bu)僅為(wei) 國(guo)內(nei)廣大消(xiao)費(fei)者所喜愛(ai),在(zai)國(guo)際市場上也享有(you)的(de)(de)盛名。皮蛋(dan)(dan)(dan),不(bu)但是美(mei)味佳肴,而且還有(you)一定的(de)(de)藥用價值。王士雄的(de)(de)《隨息居飲食譜》中說(shuo):“皮蛋(dan)(dan)(dan),味辛、澀、甘、咸(xian),能瀉熱、醒酒(jiu)、去大腸火,治瀉痢,能散能斂。”中醫認為(wei)皮蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)性涼,可治眼疼(teng)(teng)、牙疼(teng)(teng)、高血壓、耳鳴眩暈等疾病(bing)(bing)。大眾(zhong)都可食用:火旺者最(zui)(zui)宜;少(shao)兒(er)、脾陽不(bu)足、寒(han)濕下痢者、心血管病(bing)(bing)、肝腎疾病(bing)(bing)患者少(shao)食。注意事項(xiang):松(song)花蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)不(bu)宜與甲魚、李子、紅糖同(tong)食。用法用量:食用松(song)花蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)應配以姜末(mo)和醋解(jie)毒;松(song)花蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)最(zui)(zui)好(hao)(hao)蒸煮后食用,松(song)花蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)里(li)面還含有(you)鉛(qian),兒(er)童最(zui)(zui)好(hao)(hao)少(shao)吃。不(bu)宜存放(fang)冰箱。
種類
1.無鉛皮(pi)(pi)蛋:在我(wo)(wo)國(guo)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)皮(pi)(pi)蛋加(jia)(jia)工配方(fang)(fang)中,都加(jia)(jia)入了(le)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛,去皮(pi)(pi)后的(de)(de)皮(pi)(pi)蛋(黃(huang)丹粉),因(yin)鉛是一種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)毒的(de)(de)重金(jin)屬(shu)元(yuan)素(su),有(you)些國(guo)家作出了(le)禁銷規定,而影(ying)響了(le)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)出口皮(pi)(pi)蛋的(de)(de)銷路(lu)。為此(ci),有(you)關科研部門研究了(le)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛的(de)(de)代用(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)(wu)質,其(qi)(qi)中EDTA和FWD的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果較好。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)EDTA(乙(yi)二胺四(si)乙(yi)酸)時(shi),其(qi)(qi)它輔(fu)料配方(fang)(fang)和加(jia)(jia)工工藝不(bu)變,只(zhi)要剔除氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛,繼而用(yong)(yong)(yong)EDTA代替即可。一般加(jia)(jia)工1000只(zhi)鴨蛋,其(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量為0.12~0.13公(gong)(gong)斤。FWD是以微量元(yuan)素(su)鎂(mei)、錳等合成的(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)質,其(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)是將 0.5公(gong)(gong)斤的(de)(de)FWD溶于75公(gong)(gong)斤冷開水中,浸制1500只(zhi)鴨蛋,其(qi)(qi)它輔(fu)料配方(fang)(fang)與加(jia)(jia)工方(fang)(fang)法(fa),均與使用(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛時(shi)相(xiang)同。
2.彩花皮蛋(dan):主要(yao)原料新鮮鴨蛋(dan)、白(bai)石灰(hui)(hui)、次(ci)茶(cha)、食(shi)鹽、面(mian)(mian)(mian)堿(jian)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)丹(dan)粉(fen)(fen)、草木(mu)灰(hui)(hui)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)土(tu)、稻殼。設(she)備(bei)用(yong)具缸、盆等。制(zhi)作方法稱(cheng)取次(ci)茶(cha)25克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、食(shi)鹽100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)堿(jian)165克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),白(bai)石灰(hui)(hui)400克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),黃(huang)(huang)(huang)丹(dan)粉(fen)(fen)10克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、草木(mu)灰(hui)(hui)300克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)土(tu)1500克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、稻殼2500克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。先(xian)將1500克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)熱水(shui)(shui)倒入大缸里,把茶(cha)葉、食(shi)鹽、面(mian)(mian)(mian)堿(jian)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)丹(dan)粉(fen)(fen)放入水(shui)(shui)缸中拌勻,再將篩過的白(bai)石灰(hui)(hui)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)土(tu)、草木(mu)灰(hui)(hui)放入缸里,攪拌均勻成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)料泥。選購(gou)新鮮無破痕的鴨蛋(dan)35個(ge),戴上(shang)膠(jiao)皮手套,用(yong)配好的料泥逐個(ge)包(bao)泥,包(bao)均勻后放缸里,用(yong)塑料薄膜封嚴,在室(shi)溫15℃~30℃條件下(xia),貯30~40天(tian)即為(wei)(wei)成(cheng)品。工藝流程稱(cheng)料→配料→包(bao)蓋(gai)→貯存→成(cheng)品。
檢驗流程
成品(pin)松花(hua)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan),蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)殼(ke)易剝不粘(zhan)連,蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白呈半透(tou)明的(de)褐(he)色(se)凝(ning)固體, 蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白表面(mian)有(you)(you)松枝狀(zhuang)花(hua)紋,蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)黃呈深綠色(se)凝(ning)固狀(zhuang),有(you)(you)的(de)具有(you)(you)糖心。切開后蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)塊色(se)彩斑爛。食之清涼(liang)爽口,香而不膩(ni),味道(dao)(dao)鮮美。松花(hua)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)驗質分級(ji)是生產廠家的(de)最后一道(dao)(dao)重要工(gong)序,應按照(zhao)國(guo)家有(you)(you)關規定(ding)進行。消費者購買(mai)商品(pin)時,也要進行挑選(xuan)。松花(hua)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)質量檢驗常用(yong)的(de)方(fang)法主要是:一觀(guan)(guan)、二掂、三搖、四照(zhao)。一觀(guan)(guan):觀(guan)(guan)看(kan)包料有(you)(you)無(wu)發霉(mei),蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)殼(ke)是否完整(zheng),殼(ke)的(de)色(se)是否正常(以青缸色(se)為佳)。
二掂:將蛋(dan)放在手中,向上輕輕拋起,連(lian)拋幾(ji)次,若感覺有(you)彈(dan)性(xing)顫動感,并且較沉重者為好蛋(dan),反之為劣質(zhi)蛋(dan)。
三搖(yao):用拇指(zhi)和中指(zhi)捏住蛋(dan)(dan)的兩(liang)頭,在耳邊上下左右搖(yao)動,聽其有無水響聲(sheng)或(huo)撞擊聲(sheng),若聽不出聲(sheng)音則為好蛋(dan)(dan)。
四照:用(yong)燈光透視(shi),若(ruo)蛋(dan)內大(da)部分呈(cheng)黑(hei)色或(huo)深(shen)褐(he)色,小部分呈(cheng)黃色或(huo)淺紅色者為優質蛋(dan)。若(ruo)大(da)部分呈(cheng)黃褐(he)色透明體,則(ze)為未成熟松花蛋(dan)。
選購方法
市售的皮蛋(dan)(dan)有(you)鴨蛋(dan)(dan)皮蛋(dan)(dan)或雞蛋(dan)(dan)皮蛋(dan)(dan),可(ke)依個人喜好選擇(ze)。購(gou)買(mai)(mai)皮蛋(dan)(dan)時,可(ke)以注(zhu)意(yi)是否有(you)質量認證標志。此(ci)外鉛(qian)、銅含量高的皮蛋(dan)(dan),蛋(dan)(dan)殼表(biao)面的斑點會比較多(duo),剝殼后也可(ke)看到蛋(dan)(dan)白部份(fen)顏色較黑(hei)綠或偶有(you)黑(hei)點,不(bu)宜選購(gou)。傳統方式(shi)制造的皮蛋(dan)(dan),有(you)些會在蛋(dan)(dan)殼表(biao)面包裹著紅土及稻草等,其實(shi)并(bing)不(bu)衛生,也不(bu)方便由(you)外觀判斷含鉛(qian)量,并(bing)不(bu)適合(he)購(gou)買(mai)(mai),建議應選購(gou)包裝(zhuang)完整、標示(shi)清楚(chu)的產品(pin)。購(gou)買(mai)(mai)時也要注(zhu)意(yi)制造日期,并(bing)且回家保存(cun)時也要注(zhu)意(yi)保存(cun)的方式(shi)及期限。
選購皮蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)簡單易行的(de)辦法是一掂、二搖、三看殼(ke)(ke)、四品(pin)嘗。一掂:是將(jiang)皮蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)放(fang)在(zai)手(shou)(shou)掌中(zhong)輕(qing)輕(qing)地掂一掂,品(pin)質(zhi)好的(de)松(song)花蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)顫動(dong)大,無顫動(dong)皮蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)較(jiao)差;二搖:是用(yong)手(shou)(shou)取皮蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan),放(fang)在(zai)耳朵(duo)旁邊(bian)搖動(dong),品(pin)質(zhi)好的(de)皮蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)無響(xiang)聲(sheng),質(zhi)量差的(de)則(ze)有聲(sheng)音;而且聲(sheng)音越大質(zhi)越差,甚(shen)至是壞蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)或臭(chou)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan);三看殼(ke)(ke):即剝除松(song)花蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)外附的(de)泥(ni)料,看其外殼(ke)(ke),以(yi)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)殼(ke)(ke)完(wan)整,呈灰白(bai)色、無黑斑者為(wei)上(shang)品(pin);如(ru)果(guo)是裂紋(wen)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan),在(zai)加(jia)工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)往往有可能滲入過(guo)多的(de)堿,從(cong)而影響(xiang)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)的(de)風味,同時細(xi)菌也(ye)可能從(cong)裂縫(feng)處侵入,使松(song)花蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)變質(zhi);四品(pin)嘗:松(song)花蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)若是腌制(zhi)合格,則(ze)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)清明顯彈性較(jiao)大,呈茶褐色并有松(song)枝花紋(wen),蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)黃外圍呈黑綠色或藍(lan)黑色,中(zhong)心則(ze)呈桔紅(hong)色,這樣的(de)松(song)花蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)切開(kai)后(hou),蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)斷面色澤(ze)多樣化,具有色、香(xiang)、味、形(xing)俱佳(jia)的(de)特點。