子宮囊腫的病因

宮(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)囊腫(zhong)是慢性宮(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)炎的一種病理表現。在(zai)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)糜(mi)爛愈合過程中，新生(sheng)(sheng)的鱗(lin)狀(zhuang)上皮覆(fu)蓋宮(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)口(kou)或伸入腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)，將腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)口(kou)阻(zu)(zu)塞。腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)周圍(wei)的結締組織(zhi)增生(sheng)(sheng)或瘢痕形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)壓迫(po)腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)，使腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)變窄(zhai)甚至阻(zu)(zu)塞，腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)體(ti)(ti)分(fen)泌物(wu)引流(liu)(liu)受阻(zu)(zu)、潴(zhu)(zhu)留形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)囊腫(zhong)叫宮(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)納氏囊腫(zhong)。囊腫(zhong)大小不(bu)等，一般較小而分(fen)散。可單獨出現，亦(yi)可多個出現。在(zai)慢性子宮(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)炎時，子宮(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)體(ti)(ti)及周圍(wei)組織(zhi)都(dou)增生(sheng)(sheng)。當腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)被周圍(wei)組織(zhi)所擠壓，腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)口(kou)阻(zu)(zu)塞，使腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)的分(fen)泌物(wu)不(bu)能(neng)外(wai)流(liu)(liu)而潴(zhu)(zhu)留于內(nei)，致腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)腔擴張，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)大小不(bu)等的囊形(xing)腫(zhong)物(wu)，稱為“子宮(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)腺(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)潴(zhu)(zhu)留囊腫(zhong)”，又稱納博(bo)特囊腫(zhong)。

子宮囊腫的臨床表現

宮(gong)頸囊腫是慢性(xing)宮(gong)頸炎(yan)的一(yi)種，一(yi)般無明(ming)顯癥狀，而慢性(xing)宮(gong)頸炎(yan)的主要癥狀是白(bai)(bai)帶(dai)增多，由于(yu)病原菌的不同(tong)，白(bai)(bai)帶(dai)的顏色(se)、量也有所不同(tong)。白(bai)(bai)帶(dai)可為黏液(ye)的或(huo)(huo)(huo)膿性(xing)的，有時可帶(dai)有血(xue)絲或(huo)(huo)(huo)少量血(xue)液(ye)，也可有接觸性(xing)出(chu)(chu)血(xue)。下腹或(huo)(huo)(huo)腰骶經(jing)常(chang)出(chu)(chu)現疼痛，盆腔部(bu)可發生下墜痛或(huo)(huo)(huo)痛經(jing)，常(chang)于(yu)月(yue)經(jing)期、排便(bian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)交時加重，此外，可出(chu)(chu)現月(yue)經(jing)不調和不孕。

子宮囊腫如何治療

1、對于散在的比較小的宮頸(jing)腺(xian)囊(nang)腫(zhong)一般不需治(zhi)療，只要(yao)每年檢查即可。

2、對于密集的(de)較(jiao)小的(de)納氏囊腫(zhong)(zhong)或比較(jiao)大的(de)囊腫(zhong)(zhong)，可考慮光(guang)療、激光(guang)、微(wei)波(bo)、等(deng)物理治療。

如何預防子宮囊腫

1、平時應注意衛生，保(bao)持外陰清(qing)潔(jie)，防止病(bing)原菌侵入。

2、避免(mian)分娩時損傷(shang)宮頸，如發現(xian)宮頸裂傷(shang)應及(ji)時縫合，并使(shi)用抗生素。

3、實行計(ji)劃生(sheng)育(yu)，采取避孕措施(shi)，盡(jin)量避免多(duo)次人流對宮頸的機械(xie)性損(sun)傷。同時婦(fu)科手(shou)術操作要嚴格無(wu)菌(jun)，防(fang)止(zhi)醫源性的感染、損(sun)傷。

4、注意(yi)經期、流產期及產褥期衛生，經期、產后應嚴禁性交、盆浴，避免致病菌乘虛而入。

5、注意鍛煉身體，適當注意營養衛生(sheng)，保障身心健康。

6、定期做婦科檢(jian)查，發現(xian)宮頸(jing)炎(yan)癥(zheng)予以積(ji)極(ji)治療。

7、平素房事有(you)度，避免房勞過度。注意性衛(wei)生，配(pei)偶要(yao)注意清除陰(yin)莖的包皮垢。

8、在治療慢性(xing)宮頸炎的過程中(zhong)應禁(jin)止房事(shi)。經期停止局部上藥(yao)。