介紹
赤峰境內(nei)被(bei)國家考古(gu)界(jie)命名的(de)原始(shi)人類文(wen)化類型(xing)有興(xing)隆洼文(wen)化、趙寶(bao)溝(gou)文(wen)化、紅(hong)山文(wen)化、富河文(wen)化、小(xiao)河沿文(wen)化、夏家店(dian)下層(ceng)文(wen)化。從考古(gu)發掘(jue)出來的(de)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)、青(qing)銅器(qi)(qi)(qi)等生(sheng)產生(sheng)活(huo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)物證明(ming),早在8千余年前(qian)境內(nei)的(de)原始(shi)先民已經過著原始(shi)農(nong)(nong)耕、漁(yu)獵和(he)(he)畜牧的(de)定居(ju)生(sheng)活(huo)。赤峰市種植谷(gu)子歷(li)史(shi)悠久,2003年在興(xing)隆溝(gou)遺址(zhi)出土了距(ju)今8000年的(de)栗和(he)(he)黍的(de)碳(tan)化顆粒標本,經加拿大(da)、英國和(he)(he)我國的(de)研究機(ji)構用C14等手(shou)段(duan)鑒定論證后(hou),認為是人工栽培(pei)形態(tai)最(zui)早的(de)谷(gu)物,由此推斷赤峰敖漢地(di)區是中(zhong)國古(gu)代旱作(zuo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)起源地(di),也是橫(heng)跨歐亞大(da)陸旱作(zuo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)發源地(di)。赤峰市志記載(zai):遼史(shi)記載(zai):“保寧七(qi)年(976),漢有宋(song)兵(bing),使(shi)來乞糧,詔賜粟二十(shi)萬斛(hu)助之”。
自(zi)然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因(yin)素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況:赤(chi)(chi)峰(feng)市積(ji)(ji)極發展雜糧種植產業,在(zai)(zai)現有(you)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1600萬畝(mu)的基礎(chu)上,雜糧播(bo)種面(mian)積(ji)(ji)常年穩(wen)定在(zai)(zai)800萬畝(mu)左右,居全國(guo)之首。赤(chi)(chi)峰(feng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)大(da)興安嶺南(nan)段和燕山(shan)北(bei)(bei)麓山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)西拉木(mu)倫(lun)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)與老哈河(he)(he)(he)流域廣大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),呈三(san)面(mian)環(huan)山(shan),西高(gao)(gao)(gao)東(dong)低,多(duo)山(shan)多(duo)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌特(te)(te)征。山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)約占(zhan)(zhan)赤(chi)(chi)峰(feng)市總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的42%;丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)約占(zhan)(zhan)24%;高(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)約占(zhan)(zhan)9%;平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)約占(zhan)(zhan)25%。大(da)體分(fen)為(wei)(wei)四個地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)區(qu)(qu):北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)(qu);南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)(qu);西部(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu);東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu),海拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)300-2000米(mi)(mi)。東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)西拉木(mu)倫(lun)河(he)(he)(he)與老哈河(he)(he)(he)匯(hui)流處(chu)大(da)興三(san)角地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),海拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)不足300米(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)赤(chi)(chi)峰(feng)市地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢最低地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶;西部(bu)(bu)(bu)克旗、郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)和河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省圍場縣交界(jie)處(chu)的大(da)光頂子山(shan),海拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)2067米(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)赤(chi)(chi)峰(feng)市第一高(gao)(gao)(gao)峰(feng)。主(zhu)要山(shan)脈有(you)大(da)興安嶺南(nan)段,努(nu)魯(lu)兒虎和七老圖(tu)(tu)三(san)條山(shan)脈。赤(chi)(chi)峰(feng)市的土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源特(te)(te)點(dian)是,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)內蒙古(gu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)松遼平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)過渡(du)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)大(da)興安嶺南(nan)段山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),燕山(shan)山(shan)系的七老圖(tu)(tu)山(shan)屏于西部(bu)(bu)(bu),努(nu)魯(lu)爾虎山(shan)呈于東(dong)南(nan)側,構成了三(san)面(mian)環(huan)山(shan)的半環(huan)形(xing),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢西高(gao)(gao)(gao)東(dong)低,海拔(ba)(ba)一般在(zai)(zai)500—1500米(mi)(mi)之間,海拔(ba)(ba)最高(gao)(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)2067米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌形(xing)態可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、熔(rong)巖(yan)臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、低山(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)、沙(sha)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。其中(zhong)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)17.74%;高(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)5.72%;熔(rong)巖(yan)臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)3.21%;低山(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)(zhan)19.44%;黃土(tu)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)(zhan)22.9%;河(he)(he)(he)谷平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)8.17%;沙(sha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)23.3%。
2、水(shui)文情況:全市(shi)水(shui)資源總量(liang)為(wei)42.7億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),有烏力吉木淪(lun)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、西(xi)拉(la)沐淪(lun)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、老哈(ha)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、敖(ao)來河(he)(he)(he)(he)、灤(luan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、大凌河(he)(he)(he)(he)六條外流(liu)水(shui)系和內(nei)陸(lu)水(shui)系共(gong)308條大小河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu),72處(chu)天然湖泊(bo)。最大的湖泊(bo)為(wei)達(da)里諾爾(er)湖,水(shui)面面積(ji)為(wei)35.7萬畝(mu)。地表水(shui)徑流(liu)量(liang)32.6億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),地下(xia)水(shui)可開采10億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。人均占有水(shui)量(liang)670立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。耕地畝(mu)均占有水(shui)量(liang)323.7立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。西(xi)遼(liao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)的兩條主要支流(liu)西(xi)拉(la)沐淪(lun)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、老哈(ha)河(he)(he)(he)(he)都在(zai)赤峰境內(nei),大小干(gan)支流(liu)達(da)40余條,有達(da)里諾爾(er)等湖泊(bo)58處(chu),地表水(shui)總量(liang)為(wei)32.7億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),地下(xia)水(shui)可采集量(liang)為(wei)10億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。?
3、氣候情況:赤峰市屬中(zhong)溫(wen)帶半干旱(han)大(da)陸性季(ji)風氣候區(qu)。冬季(ji)漫長(chang)而寒冷,春季(ji)干旱(han)多大(da)風,夏季(ji)短促炎熱(re)、雨水集中(zhong),秋(qiu)季(ji)短促、氣溫(wen)下降(jiang)快、霜凍降(jiang)臨早。大(da)部地區(qu)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)0—7℃,最冷月(yue)(yue)(1月(yue)(yue))平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)-10℃左右,極端最低氣溫(wen)-27℃;最熱(re)月(yue)(yue)(7月(yue)(yue))平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)在(zai)20—24℃之間。年(nian)降(jiang)水量的地理分(fen)布(bu)受地形影響十分(fen)明顯(xian),不同地區(qu)差別很大(da),有300—500毫米不等。大(da)部地區(qu)年(nian)日照時(shi)(shi)數為(wei)2700—3100小時(shi)(shi)。每當(dang)5—9月(yue)(yue)天(tian)空無云時(shi)(shi),日照時(shi)(shi)數可長(chang)達12—14小時(shi)(shi)。
地域范圍
赤(chi)(chi)峰市(shi)地處(chu)內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)自治(zhi)區東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)部(bu),東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)地區西端,西遼(liao)河(he)上游(you),大興安嶺西南(nan)(nan)段山(shan)脈與燕山(shan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)麓山(shan)地、內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)高原(yuan)、西遼(liao)河(he)平原(yuan)的(de)復(fu)合截(jie)接部(bu)位(wei)。地理坐標:北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯(wei)41°17'10"-45°24'15",東(dong)(dong)(dong)經116°21'07"-120°58'52"。總面積(ji)為90021平方公(gong)(gong)里(li),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西最寬375公(gong)(gong)里(li),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)最長(chang)457.5公(gong)(gong)里(li)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)與遼(liao)寧省朝(chao)陽市(shi)接壤,西南(nan)(nan)與河(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)省承德(de)地區交界(jie),西部(bu)和北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)與內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)自治(zhi)區錫林郭勒盟接連,東(dong)(dong)(dong)與通遼(liao)市(shi)毗鄰(lin)。赤(chi)(chi)峰小(xiao)米(mi)農產品地理標志保(bao)護范圍為赤(chi)(chi)峰市(shi)12旗縣(xian)區132個蘇木(鄉鎮),2014年赤(chi)(chi)峰谷(gu)子播種面積(ji)96344公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),總產量為238610噸,單產為2477公(gong)(gong)斤/公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。
品質特性特征
1、外在感官(guan)特征:赤峰(feng)的氣(qi)候條件決定了(le)根植于赤峰(feng)旱坡地的粟(su)耐(nai)干旱、抗倒伏、適應(ying)性強、品質優良等(deng)特點,致使當地谷子(粟(su))加工后的小米顆粒大、粒徑約為1.0-1.5毫米,粒呈圓形、晶瑩透明(ming),小米適口(kou)性好、營養豐富(fu)、金黃馨(xin)香。
2、內在(zai)品(pin)質指標:赤峰的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)米富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)人體(ti)所(suo)需的(de)蛋白質、維(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)、微(wei)量元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su),蛋白質含(han)(han)(han)量是8.65~11.4g/100g;維(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)B1含(han)(han)(han)量是0.31~0.48mg/100g;維(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)B6含(han)(han)(han)量是0.04~0.05mg/100g;維(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)E含(han)(han)(han)量是0.79~1.32mg/100g;葉酸含(han)(han)(han)量為23.8~34.1μg/100g;磷含(han)(han)(han)量是176~290mg/100g;鉀含(han)(han)(han)量是183~255mg/100g;營養(yang)豐富(fu),質純味(wei)正,香軟(ruan)可口(kou),是平(ping)衡膳食(shi)(shi)、調節口(kou)味(wei)的(de)理想食(shi)(shi)品(pin),也非(fei)常適合懷孕期婦(fu)女及產后進補食(shi)(shi)用。正是由于赤峰的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)米適口(kou)性好、營養(yang)豐富(fu),金黃馨香的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)米粥(zhou)成為女人哺乳、老(lao)人患病、嬰(ying)兒斷奶(nai)的(de)首(shou)選(xuan)食(shi)(shi)物。