簡介
明永樂(le)初年(nian)(nian),道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)長春(chun)派創始人(ren),謫滇“高道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”劉淵然(ran)(1351年(nian)(nian)~1432年(nian)(nian))即居此觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)闡道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。宣德四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1429年(nian)(nian)),黔國公沐晟兄弟出資,劉淵然(ran)的(de)(de)高徒蔣日和(he)主持擴建。先后(hou)(hou)用了(le)六年(nian)(nian)才完工。“凡門(men)廡、藏殿之(zhi)制一(yi)時具舉(ju)。”使得(de)“東郭之(zhi)間(jian),輝然(ran)增(zeng)勝(sheng)。”洪熙(xi)元年(nian)(nian)(1425年(nian)(nian)),真(zhen)武閣改(gai)名真(zhen)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),蔣日和(he)受封為“明真(zhen)顯(xian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)弘教(jiao)法師”。蔣日和(he)被(bei)褒獎后(hou)(hou)一(yi)直(zhi)任(ren)真(zhen)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)住持,在他苦(ku)心營造下,真(zhen)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)度成(cheng)(cheng)為昆(kun)(kun)明地區香火最(zui)(zui)旺的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)宮觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。至其“羽化(hua)”(道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)死(si)后(hou)(hou)婉稱)后(hou)(hou),由師弟徐道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)廣接任(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)長。傳徐有(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)術(shu),繼續把長春(chun)派要旨(zhi)發揚光(guang)大。真(zhen)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)自(zi)明正統以后(hou)(hou)嘉靖及(ji)清代康熙(xi)、乾(qian)隆,光(guang)緒各朝都(dou)有(you)(you)修葺和(he)擴建。民國36年(nian)(nian)(1947年(nian)(nian))昆(kun)(kun)明市市長曾恕懷頒保(bao)(bao)護真(zhen)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)布告,但(dan)到民國末年(nian)(nian)已逐漸衰(shuai)頹(tui)。自(zi)20世紀50年(nian)(nian)代開始,真(zhen)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)逐漸被(bei)工廠、單(dan)位和(he)居民占(zhan)用。及(ji)至“文化(hua)大革命”,古(gu)建筑(zhu)岌岌可危。至2001年(nian)(nian)夏重修之(zhi)前,經(jing)實地考察和(he)拍照。現(xian)存真(zhen)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)由真(zhen)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、都(dou)雷府和(he)鹽隆祠(ci)三部分組成(cheng)(cheng),占(zhan)地面積(ji)4萬余平方(fang)米。是昆(kun)(kun)明市區占(zhan)地面積(ji)最(zui)(zui)大、保(bao)(bao)存明清兩代建筑(zhu)最(zui)(zui)多,較(jiao)完整的(de)(de)古(gu)建筑(zhu)群。對云(yun)(yun)南(nan)的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)史、藝術(shu)史、宗教(jiao)史及(ji)云(yun)(yun)南(nan)與(yu)中原文化(hua)交流的(de)(de)研(yan)究有(you)(you)重要價值。
核心建筑
真(zhen)慶(qing)觀核心建(jian)筑由前殿(dian)、紫微殿(dian)、老(lao)君殿(dian)組(zu)成。舊塑神(shen)像(xiang)早已不存,據(ju)記載,正(zheng)殿(dian)供(gong)奉(feng)玉皇、左右配以雷神(shen)和真(zhen)武像(xiang),兩旁(pang)各(ge)有七(qi)八(ba)個雷部神(shen)像(xiang)。正(zheng)殿(dian)東西(xi)廊為群仙廊,供(gong)有60尊各(ge)路神(shen)仙,后(hou)殿(dian)供(gong)老(lao)君和其(qi)他神(shen)像(xiang),各(ge)各(ge)儀態閑如(ru)。其(qi)中保(bao)存完(wan)好的當數(shu)紫微殿(dian),進深四間,占地320平方米,單檐歇山,斗拱粗大疏(shu)朗,梁結構具明代北京皇家建(jian)筑風(feng)格,殿(dian)中央(yang)頂部原(yuan)有八(ba)卦(gua)太(tai)極(ji)圖(tu)藻井,結構精巧,特(te)點突出,但后(hou)來(lai)整修(xiu)時,將太(tai)極(ji)圖(tu)改為飛龍圖(tu),失去了道家特(te)色。
都雷府
紫微殿(dian)東側為(wei)都(dou)雷(lei)(lei)府,建于(yu)清(qing)(qing)康熙年間(jian)重(zhong)修,大(da)門(men)(men)為(wei)單(dan)檐,四角(jiao)翹(qiao)起,斗(dou)拱承(cheng)(cheng)載,大(da)門(men)(men)兩側有木刻對聯(lian)一副:“愿天常生好人(ren),愿人(ren)常行好事。”門(men)(men)楣(mei)前題“都(dou)雷(lei)(lei)府”,后題:“萬古神(shen)(shen)風”。大(da)門(men)(men)內有一高亭(ting),名清(qing)(qing)風亭(ting),斗(dou)拱承(cheng)(cheng)載,雕梁畫(hua)棟,造(zao)型獨特,往前為(wei)都(dou)雷(lei)(lei)府大(da)殿(dian),清(qing)(qing)代除(chu)供奉雷(lei)(lei)神(shen)(shen)外,還“獨塑一王靈官像于(yu)殿(dian)內”。都(dou)雷(lei)(lei)府殿(dian)側有一香油井,用以存儲(chu)香油供各殿(dian)使用。都(dou)雷(lei)(lei)府往北尚存一古井,名八(ba)卦(gua)井,水(shui)甘冽,充(chong)滿神(shen)(shen)奇(qi)傳說。
鹽隆祠
都雷府北面(mian)為(wei)鹽(yan)隆祠(ci),光緒七年(1881年)云南鹽(yan)商(shang)集資(zi)興(xing)建,清末和民國(guo)初(chu)年鹽(yan)行(xing)即此處,鹽(yan)隆祠(ci)分戲臺、前(qian)殿、兩邊廂房和大(da)殿,大(da)殿為(wei)土木結構,進深(shen)兩間,面(mian)闊三(san)間,樓上有走廊花廳刻有二十(shi)四(si)孝圖等(deng)傳統道德(de)畫,石欄(lan)浮雕,栩栩如生。
劉淵然師徒
真(zhen)慶觀之所以(yi)蜚(fei)聲海(hai)內,除(chu)歷(li)史(shi)悠久以(yi)外,還因劉(liu)淵(yuan)然(ran)師(shi)徒在(zai)全國道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)界的(de)影響,劉(liu)淵(yuan)然(ran)(1351年(nian)~1432年(nian)),江西贛縣(xian)區人,道(dao)(dao)號(hao)(hao)體(ti)元(yuan)子,道(dao)(dao)行高(gao)深,明(ming)洪武間朱元(yuan)璋召(zhao)至師(shi)宗,賜號(hao)(hao)高(gao)道(dao)(dao)。永(yong)樂初年(nian)任道(dao)(dao)錄司右、左“正(zheng)一”管道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)事。嗣因得(de)罪權貴被謫至昆明(ming)。在(zai)龍泉觀闡教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。其(qi)門徒“殆(dai)百余人”。門徒中蔣日和(he)、邵(shao)(shao)以(yi)正(zheng)是名聞全國的(de)“高(gao)道(dao)(dao)”。其(qi)中,邵(shao)(shao)以(yi)正(zheng)是昆明(ming)人,號(hao)(hao)止止道(dao)(dao)人,又號(hao)(hao)承康(kang)子,天順元(yuan)年(nian)(1457年(nian))明(ming)英(ying)宗賜號(hao)(hao)“通妙真(zhen)人”。正(zheng)統(tong)十年(nian)(1445年(nian))整理(li)校定5305卷的(de)《正(zheng)統(tong)道(dao)(dao)藏》傳(chuan)世,在(zai)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)術史(shi)上有相當地位。明(ming)仁(ren)宗洪熙元(yuan)年(nian)(1425年(nian))劉(liu)淵(yuan)然(ran)受召(zhao)回京,得(de)封“沖虛至道(dao)(dao)玄(xuan)妙無為光范衍(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)莊靜普(pu)濟長春(chun)真(zhen)人”號(hao)(hao),并“領天下道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)事”,從而使(shi)真(zhen)慶觀名聲大(da)噪。
修復
真慶(qing)觀(guan)(guan)于2003年(nian)4月修(xiu)復(fu),修(xiu)復(fu)后的古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群面(mian)積約4800平方米,園(yuan)林建(jian)(jian)設9000平方米,仍按(an)原有布局分(fen)為(wei)三(san)個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區:真慶(qing)觀(guan)(guan)以(yi)紫微殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心,結合老君殿(dian)(dian)(dian),組(zu)(zu)成第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區,都雷(lei)(lei)府(fu)以(yi)雷(lei)(lei)神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心,由門樓、清風亭(ting)、火神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等組(zu)(zu)成第二個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區;鹽(yan)隆(long)祠以(yi)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心,由前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、戲臺等組(zu)(zu)成第三(san)個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區,新建(jian)(jian)真慶(qing)文(wen)化廣場融(rong)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)、道教文(wen)化、休(xiu)閑(xian)娛樂、精品展示、旅游觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體,是(shi)(shi)昆明(ming)歷史文(wen)化名城(cheng)的一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)亮點,也是(shi)(shi)國內旅游者的一(yi)(yi)(yi)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂。