簡介
皎口(kou)(kou)水(shui)庫(ku)所(suo)在(zai)河流――樟溪(xi),是甬江(jiang)水(shui)系奉化(hua)江(jiang)上(shang)游的主(zhu)要支流之一,發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于四明山(shan)對崗嶺(ling)東(dong)部蓮花村,主(zhu)流自西南向(xiang)東(dong)北流經北溪(xi)、李家坑、周公宅、杜岙、大皎等(deng)地(di),與(yu)小皎溪(xi)匯合后出(chu)皎口(kou)(kou)水(shui)庫(ku),并折(zhe)向(xiang)東(dong)南流經章水(shui)鎮和鄞江(jiang)鎮,再由鄞江(jiang)向(xiang)東(dong)入奉化(hua)江(jiang)、鄞江(jiang)鎮以上(shang)集水(shui)面(mian)積348.7平方公里,主(zhu)流長58.4 Km,其中已蓄水(shui)的周公宅水(shui)庫(ku)壩址集水(shui)面(mian)積132 平方公里,主(zhu)流長27.75 Km,流域(yu)地(di)形主(zhu)要為低(di)山(shan)及丘陵,山(shan)嶺(ling)高(gao)程一般在(zai)300~900之間(jian),最高(gao)峰為976米(mi),地(di)勢自西南向(xiang)北傾斜(xie),河道落差較大,源(yuan)(yuan)短流急,流域(yu)植(zhi)被良好(hao)(hao),水(shui)土(tu)(tu)保持較好(hao)(hao)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要為紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang)及黃壤(rang)(rang),海拔200米(mi)以下為紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang),500米(mi)以上(shang)為黃壤(rang)(rang),其中間(jian)為紅(hong)(hong)黃壤(rang)(rang)亞(ya)類(lei)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)并與(yu)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang)穿插。
氣候
本流(liu)(liu)域(yu)屬亞熱帶季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區,總(zong)的氣(qi)候(hou)特征是:冬夏(xia)季(ji)風(feng)交(jiao)替顯著(zhu),年(nian)(nian)溫適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),四季(ji)分明,雨(yu)量(liang)豐(feng)沛,日(ri)照充足,流(liu)(liu)域(yu)多年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)1781mm,多年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)雨(yu)日(ri)157日(ri),最(zui)(zui)多185日(ri),最(zui)(zui)少年(nian)(nian)126日(ri),降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)時(shi)空分布不均(jun),年(nian)(nian)際(ji)、年(nian)(nian)內變化顯著(zhu),實測最(zui)(zui)豐(feng)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)2225 mm(1981年(nian)(nian)),最(zui)(zui)枯年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)982.7 mm(1967年(nian)(nian)),豐(feng)枯年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)之比為(wei)2.3倍。本地(di)3、4月份是西北季(ji)風(feng)減退和(he)東南(nan)(nan)季(ji)風(feng)開始增強期,冷(leng)暖空氣(qi)交(jiao)匯,形成(cheng)綿綿春(chun)雨(yu),4月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬至7月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬,夏(xia)季(ji)風(feng)的暖氣(qi)流(liu)(liu)與(yu)南(nan)(nan)下的冷(leng)空氣(qi)相遇,本地(di)有(you)持(chi)續(xu)時(shi)間較(jiao)長的鋒面雨(yu)、陰雨(yu)連綿,降(jiang)(jiang)水集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),俗(su)稱梅雨(yu);夏(xia)秋季(ji)常受副(fu)高壓脊控制(zhi),降(jiang)(jiang)水主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)臺(tai)風(feng)暴雨(yu)和(he)局(ju)部雷(lei)陣(zhen)雨(yu),若夏(xia)秋季(ji)受臺(tai)風(feng)和(he)熱帶風(feng)暴影響(xiang)較(jiao)少,則易造成(cheng)高溫干旱(han),11月至翌年(nian)(nian)2月,受冷(leng)高壓控制(zhi),天氣(qi)以晴冷(leng)為(wei)主(zhu),雨(yu)量(liang)較(jiao)少。
周邊環境
流(liu)(liu)域內(nei)現有(you)(you)水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)較少,總庫容(rong)(rong)在(zai)100萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)以上(shang)的水(shui)庫有(you)(you)周公宅水(shui)庫和(he)榧(fei)樹(shu)潭水(shui)庫,周公宅水(shui)庫建于(yu)2003年,總庫容(rong)(rong)11180萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi),正常(chang)蓄水(shui)庫容(rong)(rong)9570萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi),榧(fei)樹(shu)潭水(shui)庫建于(yu)1991年,總庫容(rong)(rong)514萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi),正常(chang)庫容(rong)(rong)220萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi),上(shang)游河(he)道(dao)坡陡(dou)流(liu)(liu)急,下游河(he)道(dao)坡度較為平(ping)緩,流(liu)(liu)域內(nei)植被(bei)較好,人類(lei)活動影響較小(xiao)。
功用
皎口水(shui)庫(ku)是一(yi)座以防洪(hong)(hong)(hong)、灌溉(gai)為主,結合發(fa)電、養魚(yu)、供水(shui)的(de)綜合利用的(de)大(da)(da)(二(er))型水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),水(shui)庫(ku)于1970年(nian)(nian)5月動工(gong)(gong)興建,1973年(nian)(nian)5月封孔(kong)蓄水(shui),1975年(nian)(nian)1月主體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完工(gong)(gong),1980年(nian)(nian)6月電站(zhan)三臺機組(zu)全部投入運(yun)行(xing),1980年(nian)(nian)12月省水(shui)利廳組(zu)織對(dui)皎口水(shui)庫(ku)進行(xing)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou),1998年(nian)(nian)機組(zu)容量(liang)從原來(lai)3×1250千瓦增至3×1600千瓦,保壩(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于1984年(nian)(nian)10月動工(gong)(gong),1988年(nian)(nian)10月底完工(gong)(gong),1990年(nian)(nian)11月通過保壩(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)驗(yan)收(shou),水(shui)庫(ku)集(ji)水(shui)面(mian)積259平(ping)方(fang)公里(li),總庫(ku)容1.198億立(li)方(fang)米,樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由攔河大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)、壩(ba)(ba)體泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)洞(dong)、壩(ba)(ba)頂溢洪(hong)(hong)(hong)道、發(fa)電輸水(shui)洞(dong)和(he)壩(ba)(ba)后式電站(zhan)組(zu)成,皎口水(shui)庫(ku)屬于Ⅱ等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)溢洪(hong)(hong)(hong)道、泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)洞(dong)、發(fa)電輸水(shui)洞(dong)按2級(ji)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物設計,電站(zhan)按四級(ji)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物設計,設計洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)為百(bai)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇,校核洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)二(er)千年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇。
修繕
1984年(nian)至1988年(nian)根據水(shui)利部頒發(fa)的《水(shui)利水(shui)電樞(shu)紐工程(cheng)等級劃分及設(she)計標準》及省(sheng)水(shui)利廳下達的浙水(shui)法(78)第520號文要(yao)求,對(dui)皎口(kou)水(shui)庫進行保壩(ba)(ba)(ba)工程(cheng),主要(yao)項目壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體由(you)原(yuan)78.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)高程(cheng)升至79.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),加高1.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂上游(you)面設(she)混凝(ning)土防浪墻(qiang),墻(qiang)高1.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂加寬5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),達到(dao)(dao)(dao)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);溢流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)工作(zuo)橋(兼交通橋)抬高0.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),橋面增(zeng)寬3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);新建(jian)改建(jian)啟閉(bi)機(ji)室;更新設(she)計制(zhi)作(zuo)安裝(zhuang)6扇弧型閘門(men),并(bing)改制(zhi)啟閉(bi)設(she)備。經(jing)過保壩(ba)(ba)(ba)工程(cheng),最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高達到(dao)(dao)(dao)67.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),總庫容達到(dao)(dao)(dao)1.198億立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
浙江省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利廳浙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管52號文(wen)《關于下達牛頭山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大壩(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作的(de)通知》,皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)列入2003年(nian)(nian)安(an)(an)鑒(jian)(jian)計(ji)劃,根據文(wen)件精神,鄞(yin)州區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利局(ju)成(cheng)立(li)皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大壩(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)領(ling)導(dao)小組,皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)成(cheng)立(li)以局(ju)長為(wei)組長的(de)工作班子。按照(zhao)大綱(gang)要求,皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)管理局(ju)委托水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利部水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工金屬結構質(zhi)量檢驗測(ce)(ce)(ce)試中(zhong)心(xin)、省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電勘測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)計(ji)院(yuan)、省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利河(he)口(kou)研(yan)究院(yuan)等(deng)設(she)計(ji),科研(yan)單位,開展《閘門及啟閉機安(an)(an)全(quan)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》、《泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)建筑物安(an)(an)全(quan)復(fu)核(he)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》、《大壩(ba)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)分析報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》、《洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)復(fu)核(he)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》、《大壩(ba)滲流安(an)(an)全(quan)評(ping)價報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》、《大壩(ba)工程質(zhi)量評(ping)價報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》、《大壩(ba)應力復(fu)核(he)及變形觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)資(zi)料分析報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》、《電站(zhan)機組機電檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》、《大壩(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)綜合(he)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》等(deng)9項專題報(bao)告(gao)(gao)的(de)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)編定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作,至(zhi)2003年(nian)(nian)底各(ge)項檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)及報(bao)告(gao)(gao)編定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作結束,2003年(nian)(nian)12月下旬,省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利廳組織有部門專家對皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大壩(ba)進(jin)行安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),2004年(nian)(nian)11月,經過專家組第二會議,通過《大壩(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)書》安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)結論,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)安(an)(an)全(quan)等(deng)級(ji)為(wei)二類(lei)壩(ba),(具(ju)體(ti)內(nei)容見附錄大壩(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)書)2005年(nian)(nian)9月省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電勘測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)計(ji)院(yuan)完成(cheng)《皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)加固改造(zao)初步設(she)計(ji)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》2005年(nian)(nian)12月經寧波市發展和改革委員會批復(fu)立(li)項,區府已把皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)加固改造(zao)工程列入2007年(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利工程計(ji)劃。