發展歷史
惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)森林公(gong)園范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)的(de)錫(xi)(xi)山(shan)及(ji)惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)部分,解放(fang)初(chu)期就(jiu)辟(pi)為(wei)(wei)錫(xi)(xi)惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)園,其余風(feng)景(jing)優美有特(te)色的(de)地方也(ye)先后得到(dao)開(kai)發(fa),成為(wei)(wei)名勝景(jing)點。如嶂(zhang)山(shan)、蓮花山(shan)間的(de)東大池(chi),解放(fang)前就(jiu)是(shi)無錫(xi)(xi)有名的(de)風(feng)景(jing)點;二茅峰南(nan)的(de)青(qing)山(shan)寺是(shi)著(zhu)名廟宇,已(yi)(yi)開(kai)辟(pi)為(wei)(wei)青(qing)山(shan)公(gong)園;二茅峰北(bei)麓(lu)也(ye)曾開(kai)辟(pi)過二泉公(gong)園;舜柯山(shan)南(nan)麓(lu)的(de)舜龍(long)溪(xi)邊,已(yi)(yi)開(kai)辟(pi)為(wei)(wei)無錫(xi)(xi)太(tai)湖花卉園。
抗(kang)戰前,惠(hui)山(shan)生長著合抱大(da)松樹(shu)、櫟(li)樹(shu)和(he)楓香,后被日寇砍伐殆盡;解放后大(da)搞(gao)植(zhi)樹(shu)造(zao)林(lin)(lin),山(shan)上郁郁蔥蔥,有針葉林(lin)(lin),闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)和(he)針闊(kuo)混(hun)交林(lin)(lin),山(shan)下有果(guo)園(yuan)、茶園(yuan)和(he)竹林(lin)(lin)。林(lin)(lin)內棲(qi)息(xi)著眾(zhong)多鳥(niao)類和(he)一些獸類。公園(yuan)內人文景觀(guan)豐富,有建于南(nan)北朝的惠(hui)山(shan)寺、青山(shan)寺、明陽(yang)觀(guan);有建于唐代的“天下第二泉”,宋(song)代的東坡詩石,元代的忍草庵,明代的雙塔(ta)寺、寄(ji)暢園(yuan)、東林(lin)(lin)書院等。
惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園規劃面積7.18平方公里(li),始建(jian)于1989年(nian)。為順應旅游業走向森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)、回歸自然的趨勢,市(shi)(shi)(shi)委、市(shi)(shi)(shi)政府從改(gai)善生(sheng)態(tai)環境、提高市(shi)(shi)(shi)民生(sheng)活(huo)質量(liang)的角度出發,作出了(le)(le)把惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園的決(jue)定。1993年(nian)5月,林(lin)(lin)業部批(pi)(pi)準正(zheng)式建(jian)立無(wu)錫(xi)惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園。從此,這個(ge)素(su)有(you)無(wu)錫(xi)“市(shi)(shi)(shi)肺”之(zhi)稱的“城(cheng)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”便成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)們集中(zhong)植(zhi)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)綠(lv)的地(di)方。“民族(zu)林(lin)(lin)”、“成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)林(lin)(lin)”、“家(jia)庭(ting)同心(xin)林(lin)(lin)”遍布山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間,香(xiang)樟、楓樹(shu)、石楠等常(chang)綠(lv)、落葉闊葉樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等逐步(bu)改(gai)變了(le)(le)原(yuan)有(you)林(lin)(lin)相結構,大(da)(da)批(pi)(pi)適生(sheng)鄉土(tu)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)郁郁蔥蔥,累計植(zhi)樹(shu)50余萬株。隨之(zhi)而(er)來(lai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)原(yuan)本樹(shu)木品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比較(jiao)(jiao)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)的“城(cheng)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,已(yi)初(chu)具(ju)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)規模。惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)土(tu)地(di)權屬地(di)無(wu)錫(xi)郊區,在(zai)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園位(wei)于錢榮路的西(xi)入口(kou),修建(jian)了(le)(le)惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)史(shi)以來(lai)第一(yi)(yi)條直(zhi)通山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)的盤(pan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公路。曾經步(bu)行(xing)到(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)要化半天(tian)時間,乘汽車(che)從山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳盤(pan)旋(xuan)而(er)上只需20分鐘。然而(er)讓人(ren)(ren)遺憾的是(shi),惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園遲遲沒(mei)有(you)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)(kai)放,這里(li)的自然風光(guang)和人(ren)(ren)文景觀并未得到(dao)有(you)效綜合開(kai)(kai)發。森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園內人(ren)(ren)文古(gu)跡較(jiao)(jiao)為集中(zhong),已(yi)發現的有(you)宋代大(da)(da)詩人(ren)(ren)蘇(su)東坡(po)詩石、秦(qin)少游墓、明朝古(gu)跡水簾洞等。
地理環境
惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)為天(tian)目(mu)山(shan)(shan)余脈、毗鄰大(da)運河、山(shan)(shan)頂三峰(feng)并立,蔚為壯觀。主峰(feng)高328米,依次稱(cheng)為頭茅峰(feng)、二茅峰(feng)、三茅峰(feng),別稱(cheng)九龍山(shan)(shan)。又因山(shan)(shan)上(shang)多泉(quan)、故(gu)以"九龍十(shi)三泉(quan)"而名(ming)噪天(tian)下、素有"江南第一山(shan)(shan)"之譽。
資源情況
解放前,惠山(shan)(shan)是疏林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)茅(mao)草,山(shan)(shan)巖裸露。20世(shi)紀50年(nian)代、在此植樹500余(yu)萬(wan)(wan)株、1982年(nian),又種(zhong)(zhong)下了3.7萬(wan)(wan)株大樹、綠化惠山(shan)(shan)頭茅(mao)峰下20多公頃山(shan)(shan)村、成(cheng)效卓著(zhu)。惠山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)頂還(huan)建造了4個蓄(xu)水池。鋪設(she)了上(shang)山(shan)(shan)水管(guan),架設(she)電(dian)力線(xian)路。并將運河水送上(shang)22米高(gao)處。經精心(xin)養護。苗(miao)木成(cheng)活率高(gao)達92.4%,這些(xie)苗(miao)木都已成(cheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin),郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥(cong)蔥(cong),呈現一(yi)派森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)景觀(guan),林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)木成(cheng)為森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)公園(yuan)的巨大資源。如今園(yuan)內擁有54科、88屬、104種(zhong)(zhong)喬(qiao)灌(guan)木,蒼松翠柏,青(qing)翠欲滴(di)。
主要景點
惠山(shan)國(guo)家森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園現有五大景(jing)(jing)區(qu),即石門景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、東(dong)大池景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、二茅(mao)峰景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、三茅(mao)峰景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、別賞(shang)植物景(jing)(jing)區(qu)。園內筑有-條(tiao)寬6米、長6.24千(qian)米的盤山(shan)游覽通道(dao)(dao)。直達山(shan)頂,山(shan)道(dao)(dao)兩旁野花綻放,隨風(feng)搖曳,與林(lin)木交(jiao)相輝(hui)映,迎接遠方的來客,位于錫(xi)(xi)城中央處的惠山(shan)國(guo)家森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園,莽莽森(sen)林(lin)恰似綠(lv)色(se)的屏障(zhang),為無錫(xi)(xi)筑起一道(dao)(dao)綠(lv)色(se)的墻。成為錫(xi)(xi)城新興的旅游熱點。