滄海(hai)桑田(tian):來(lai)自麻姑所述(shu)“曾見東海(hai)三次變為桑田(tian)”。
麻(ma)姑獻(xian)壽(shou):傳說有三月(yue)三日西王母壽(shou)辰,麻(ma)姑于絳珠河邊(bian)以靈芝(zhi)釀酒祝(zhu)壽(shou)的故事。過去(qu)中國(guo)民間為女性祝(zhu)壽(shou)多贈麻(ma)姑像,取名麻(ma)姑獻(xian)壽(shou)。
東晉(jin)時期,《神仙傳·王(wang)遠》記載:“麻姑降(jiang)于(yu)蔡經家,自(zi)言曾(ceng)見東海三次變(bian)為桑(sang)田,蓬萊(lai)之水也淺于(yu)舊時,或許又將變(bian)為平地。她的手纖(xian)細如鳥爪,蔡經見后(hou)曾(ceng)想:“背(bei)大(da)癢(yang)時,當(dang)以此爪爬背(bei),當(dang)佳”。”
唐朝(chao)時期,《撫州南城縣麻姑(gu)(gu)山仙(xian)壇記》也(ye)記載了(le)《神仙(xian)傳(chuan)》里麻姑(gu)(gu)的說法(fa),并(bing)提到:“按《圖經》,南城縣有(you)(you)麻姑(gu)(gu)山,頂有(you)(you)古壇,相傳(chuan)云麻姑(gu)(gu)于此得(de)道”。
宋朝(chao)時期,《夷堅丙志(zhi)·卷四(si)》記載:“(四(si)川)青城山相去三十里.有(you)麻(ma)姑洞.相傳云亦(yi)姑修(xiu)真處(chu)也”。
清朝時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi),《古(gu)(gu)今(jin)圖書集成·神異(yi)典·卷二百(bai)三(san)十(shi)七·麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)引《登州(zhou)府志》記載:“按《續文獻通考》:麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),后趙石(shi)勒時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)女(nv),其(qi)(qi)父(fu)猛悍,人(ren)畏之(zhi)。嘗(chang)筑城(cheng)晝夜不(bu)止(zhi)(zhi),雞鳴乃(nai)(nai)息(xi)。姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)賢,有(you)恤民之(zhi)心(xin)。假作(zuo)雞鳴,群雞效聲(sheng),眾工乃(nai)(nai)止(zhi)(zhi)。父(fu)覺(jue)欲撻(ta)之(zhi),女(nv)懼而(er)(er)逃入石(shi)洞修(xiu)道。后于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)北石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)飛升。追者(zhe)不(bu)及。名其(qi)(qi)洞曰(yue)(yue)(yue):仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)洞。橋(qiao)(qiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):望仙(xian)(xian)橋(qiao)(qiao)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山在(zai)寧國(guo)府東(dong),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)嘗(chang)脩道于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此,丹(dan)灶尚(shang)存。又(you)嘗(chang)居建昌山,故亦(yi)號麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。開元中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),立(li)(li)廟壇側,累封虛(xu)寂沖應真人(ren)。夷堅(jian)志曰(yue)(yue)(yue):劉氏鯉(li)堂(tang)前有(you)大槐(huai)。忽夢一女(nv)官,自稱麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。乞此樹脩廟,劉漫許之(zhi)。既寤,異(yi)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)。后數(shu)日,風雨大作(zuo)。失(shi)槐(huai)所在(zai),即(ji)詣(yi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)廟,視槐(huai)已(yi)臥其(qi)(qi)前,重(zhong)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)賜。額曰(yue)(yue)(yue):顯異(yi)。又(you)按,此麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)乃(nai)(nai)兩人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。”。(麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)女(nv)是(shi)(shi)東(dong)晉(jin)十(shi)六(liu)國(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)后趙麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)的女(nv)兒,與《神仙(xian)(xian)傳》里描述的東(dong)漢時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)降于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蔡經(jing)家的女(nv)仙(xian)(xian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)是(shi)(shi)兩個人(ren)。)《欽定古(gu)(gu)今(jin)圖書集成·子(zi)部·神仙(xian)(xian)傳·王遠》記載:”王遠,字方(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping),欲東(dong)之(zhi)括蒼山,過(guo)吳蔡經(jing)家,教其(qi)(qi)尸解如(ru)蛻蟬(chan)也(ye)(ye)。經(jing)去十(shi)余(yu)(yu)年(nian),忽還(huan)。語家言(yan)七月七日,王君當來(lai)過(guo),到(dao)期(qi)日,方(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)乘羽(yu)車,駕五龍,各(ge)異(yi)色。旌旗導從(cong),威(wei)儀赫奕如(ru)大將(jiang)也(ye)(ye)。既至(zhi),坐須臾,引見(jian)經(jing)父(fu)兄。因遣(qian)人(ren)與麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相聞,亦(yi)莫知(zhi)(zhi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)(shi)何神也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)王方(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)敬報久不(bu)行(xing)(xing),民間今(jin)來(lai)在(zai)此,想麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)能暫來(lai)否。有(you)頃,信還(huan)。但聞其(qi)(qi)語,不(bu)見(jian)所使人(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)再拜不(bu)見(jian)。忽已(yi)五百(bai)余(yu)(yu)年(nian),尊卑有(you)序,修(xiu)敬無(wu)階,思念(nian)久煩,信承在(zai)彼。登山巔而(er)(er)先被(bei)記,當按行(xing)(xing)蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai),今(jin)欲暫往(wang)。如(ru)是(shi)(shi)便還(huan),還(huan)即(ji)親覲愿,不(bu)即(ji)去。如(ru)此兩時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),間麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)來(lai),來(lai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)先聞人(ren)馬聲(sheng),既至(zhi)從(cong)官當半于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)至(zhi)蔡經(jing),亦(yi)舉家見(jian)之(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)好女(nv)子(zi),年(nian)十(shi)八(ba)九許。頂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)髻,余(yu)(yu)發垂至(zhi)腰,其(qi)(qi)衣有(you)文章,而(er)(er)非錦繡,光彩耀目,不(bu)可(ke)名。字皆(jie)世間所無(wu)有(you)也(ye)(ye),得(de)見(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)為起立(li)(li),坐定,各(ge)進行(xing)(xing)廚(chu)金(jin)盤、玉杯、無(wu)限美膳,多(duo)是(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)華(hua)。而(er)(er)香氣達(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)外(wai)。擘(bo)麟脯(fu)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自言(yan)接(jie)待以來(lai),已(yi)見(jian)東(dong)海三(san)為桑田,向到(dao)蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)水又(you)淺于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)往(wang)昔,會時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)略半也(ye)(ye)。豈(qi)將(jiang)復為陵陸(lu)乎。方(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue),圣人(ren)皆(jie)言(yan)海中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)復揚塵(chen)也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)欲見(jian)蔡經(jing)母及婦等,時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)弟婦新產數(shu)十(shi)日,麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)望見(jian)之(zhi)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)噫,且止(zhi)(zhi)勿前。即(ji)求少(shao)許米來(lai),得(de)米便以擲之(zhi),墜地即(ji)成丹(dan)砂(sha)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue),姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)故年(nian)少(shao),吾老矣(yi),不(bu)喜復作(zuo)此狡獪變化也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)手似鳥爪,蔡經(jing)心(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)念(nian)言(yan),背(bei)(bei)癢(yang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),得(de)此爪以爬背(bei)(bei)乃(nai)(nai)佳也(ye)(ye)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)心(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)念(nian)言(yan),即(ji)使人(ren)牽經(jing),鞭之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe),神人(ren)。汝何忽謂其(qi)(qi)爪可(ke)以爬背(bei)(bei)耶。見(jian)鞭著經(jing)背(bei)(bei),亦(yi)不(bu)見(jian)有(you)人(ren)持鞭者(zhe)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)告經(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),吾鞭不(bu)可(ke)妄(wang)得(de)也(ye)(ye)。“
葛洪(東(dong)晉)《神仙傳·王遠(yuan)》
顏真卿(qing)(唐)《撫州南城縣麻(ma)姑山(shan)仙壇記》
洪邁(宋)《夷堅丙(bing)志·卷四》
永瑢等(清)《欽定(ding)古今圖書集成·子部·神(shen)仙傳·王(wang)遠》
陳夢雷(lei)(清)《古今圖書集成(cheng)·神異(yi)典·卷二百三(san)十七·麻姑》