滄(cang)海桑田(tian):來自麻姑所述“曾見東(dong)海三次變為桑田(tian)”。
麻(ma)姑(gu)獻壽:傳說有(you)三(san)月三(san)日西王母壽辰,麻(ma)姑(gu)于(yu)絳珠河邊以靈芝釀酒(jiu)祝(zhu)(zhu)壽的故事。過(guo)去中國(guo)民間為女性祝(zhu)(zhu)壽多贈(zeng)麻(ma)姑(gu)像,取(qu)名麻(ma)姑(gu)獻壽。
東晉(jin)時期,《神仙傳(chuan)·王遠》記載(zai):“麻(ma)姑降于蔡經家,自言曾見東海三次變為桑(sang)田(tian),蓬萊(lai)之(zhi)水也淺于舊(jiu)時,或許又(you)將變為平地。她的手纖細如鳥爪(zhua),蔡經見后曾想:“背大癢時,當(dang)以(yi)此爪(zhua)爬(pa)背,當(dang)佳”。”
唐朝(chao)時期,《撫州南城縣麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)山(shan)仙(xian)壇(tan)記》也記載了(le)《神(shen)仙(xian)傳》里麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)的說法,并提(ti)到:“按《圖經》,南城縣有麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)山(shan),頂有古壇(tan),相傳云麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)于此得道”。
宋朝時期,《夷堅丙(bing)志·卷四(si)》記載:“(四(si)川)青城山相去三十里.有麻(ma)姑洞.相傳云(yun)亦姑修真處也(ye)”。
清朝時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi),《古(gu)今(jin)(jin)圖(tu)書集成·神(shen)異典·卷(juan)二(er)百(bai)三(san)十七(qi)(qi)·麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)》中引《登州府志》記載:“按(an)《續文獻通考》:麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),后(hou)趙(zhao)石(shi)勒時(shi)(shi)(shi)麻(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)(qiu)女(nv)(nv),其(qi)(qi)(qi)父猛悍,人(ren)(ren)畏之(zhi)(zhi)。嘗(chang)筑城(cheng)(cheng)晝夜(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)止(zhi),雞鳴乃息。姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)賢(xian),有恤民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)心。假作雞鳴,群雞效聲(sheng),眾工乃止(zhi)。父覺欲(yu)撻之(zhi)(zhi),女(nv)(nv)懼而(er)逃入石(shi)洞(dong)(dong)修(xiu)道。后(hou)于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)北石(shi)橋飛(fei)升(sheng)。追者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及。名其(qi)(qi)(qi)洞(dong)(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):仙姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)洞(dong)(dong)。橋曰(yue)(yue)(yue):望(wang)仙橋。麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山在(zai)(zai)寧國府東(dong),麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)嘗(chang)脩道于(yu)此(ci)(ci),丹(dan)灶尚存。又嘗(chang)居(ju)建昌山,故(gu)亦號麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。開元中,立廟(miao)壇(tan)側,累封虛寂沖應真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。夷(yi)堅(jian)志曰(yue)(yue)(yue):劉氏鯉堂前(qian)有大槐。忽夢一(yi)女(nv)(nv)官,自(zi)稱麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。乞此(ci)(ci)樹脩廟(miao),劉漫(man)許之(zhi)(zhi)。既寤,異其(qi)(qi)(qi)事。后(hou)數日(ri)(ri),風(feng)雨(yu)大作。失槐所在(zai)(zai),即(ji)詣麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)廟(miao),視(shi)槐已臥其(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian),重和中賜。額曰(yue)(yue)(yue):顯異。又按(an),此(ci)(ci)麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)乃兩(liang)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。”。(麻(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)(qiu)女(nv)(nv)是東(dong)晉十六國時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)后(hou)趙(zhao)麻(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)(qiu)的女(nv)(nv)兒,與《神(shen)仙傳》里描述的東(dong)漢時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)降(jiang)于(yu)蔡經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)家(jia)的女(nv)(nv)仙麻(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)(qiu)是兩(liang)個人(ren)(ren)。)《欽定(ding)古(gu)今(jin)(jin)圖(tu)書集成·子部(bu)·神(shen)仙傳·王(wang)遠(yuan)》記載:”王(wang)遠(yuan),字方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping),欲(yu)東(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)括蒼山,過(guo)(guo)吳蔡經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)家(jia),教其(qi)(qi)(qi)尸解如(ru)蛻(tui)蟬也(ye)(ye)。經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)去十余年,忽還(huan)(huan)。語家(jia)言(yan)七(qi)(qi)月(yue)七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),王(wang)君當來過(guo)(guo),到(dao)期(qi)日(ri)(ri),方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)乘羽車,駕五(wu)龍,各(ge)異色。旌旗導從(cong),威儀赫奕如(ru)大將也(ye)(ye)。既至(zhi),坐須臾,引見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)父兄。因(yin)遣人(ren)(ren)與麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相聞(wen)(wen),亦莫知麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是何神(shen)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)王(wang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)敬報久(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing),民(min)間今(jin)(jin)來在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci),想麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)能暫來否(fou)。有頃(qing),信還(huan)(huan)。但聞(wen)(wen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)語,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)所使人(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)再拜(bai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。忽已五(wu)百(bai)余年,尊卑(bei)有序(xu),修(xiu)敬無階,思念久(jiu)煩,信承(cheng)在(zai)(zai)彼。登山巔而(er)先被(bei)記,當按(an)行(xing)蓬萊,今(jin)(jin)欲(yu)暫往(wang)。如(ru)是便還(huan)(huan),還(huan)(huan)即(ji)親覲愿,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)去。如(ru)此(ci)(ci)兩(liang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),間麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)來,來時(shi)(shi)(shi)亦先聞(wen)(wen)人(ren)(ren)馬聲(sheng),既至(zhi)從(cong)官當半于(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)至(zhi)蔡經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),亦舉家(jia)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)。是好(hao)女(nv)(nv)子,年十八九許。頂中作髻(ji),余發垂至(zhi)腰,其(qi)(qi)(qi)衣有文章,而(er)非錦(jin)繡(xiu),光彩耀目(mu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)名。字皆世間所無有也(ye)(ye),得見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)為起(qi)立,坐定(ding),各(ge)進行(xing)廚金(jin)盤、玉杯、無限(xian)美膳,多是諸華。而(er)香氣達于(yu)內(nei)外。擘麟脯行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)。麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自(zi)言(yan)接待(dai)以(yi)來,已見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)東(dong)海三(san)為桑田,向(xiang)到(dao)蓬萊水又淺于(yu)往(wang)昔,會時(shi)(shi)(shi)略半也(ye)(ye)。豈將復(fu)為陵陸乎(hu)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue),圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)皆言(yan)海中行(xing)復(fu)揚塵也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)欲(yu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)蔡經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)母及婦等,時(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)弟婦新產數十日(ri)(ri),麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)望(wang)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)已知。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)噫,且止(zhi)勿前(qian)。即(ji)求少許米(mi)(mi)來,得米(mi)(mi)便以(yi)擲之(zhi)(zhi),墜(zhui)地即(ji)成丹(dan)砂。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue),姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)故(gu)年少,吾(wu)老矣,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)喜復(fu)作此(ci)(ci)狡獪(kuai)變化(hua)也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)手似(si)鳥爪,蔡經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)心中念言(yan),背癢時(shi)(shi)(shi),得此(ci)(ci)爪以(yi)爬背乃佳也(ye)(ye)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)已知經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)心中念言(yan),即(ji)使人(ren)(ren)牽經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),鞭(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),麻(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者,神(shen)人(ren)(ren)。汝何忽謂其(qi)(qi)(qi)爪可(ke)以(yi)爬背耶。見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鞭(bian)著(zhu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)背,亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有人(ren)(ren)持(chi)鞭(bian)者。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)告(gao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),吾(wu)鞭(bian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)妄得也(ye)(ye)。“
葛洪(東晉(jin))《神仙傳·王遠》
顏(yan)真卿(唐(tang))《撫州南城縣麻姑山(shan)仙壇記》
洪(hong)邁(宋)《夷堅丙(bing)志·卷四(si)》
永瑢等(清)《欽定古今圖書(shu)集成·子部(bu)·神仙傳·王遠》
陳夢雷(清)《古(gu)今(jin)圖書集(ji)成·神異(yi)典·卷(juan)二百三十七(qi)·麻姑(gu)》