東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞千角燈(deng),屬于花(hua)燈(deng)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong),是廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞市特有(you)的(de)特色傳統(tong)手(shou)工(gong)藝品,是廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞民間工(gong)藝的(de)瑰(gui)寶(bao),其(qi)制(zhi)作技(ji)藝是東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞最具代表性(xing)的(de)非物質文化(hua)遺(yi)產之一(yi)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞千角燈(deng)是宋(song)代八角宮燈(deng)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong),有(you)一(yi)千個角,綴(zhui)有(you)一(yi)千盞(zhan)燈(deng),燈(deng)身(shen)為多個不同的(de)立體(ti)三角形(xing)組成,集書(shu)畫、剪紙(刻紙)、刺繡等優(you)秀民間手(shou)工(gong)藝于一(yi)體(ti)。千角燈(deng)的(de)扎作無圖紙,也無樣本(ben)流(liu)傳,只有(you)師傅口傳身(shen)授。因為它歷史悠(you)久,體(ti)積巨(ju)大,工(gong)藝精湛,而被稱為千古一(yi)燈(deng)。2006年東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞千角燈(deng)制(zhi)作技(ji)藝入選第(di)一(yi)批國家級非物質文化(hua)遺(yi)產名錄(lu)。
龍(long)舟(zhou)作(zuo)為民(min)俗(su)文化(hua)(hua)中的(de)重要組(zu)成部分是(shi)(shi)(shi)中華民(min)族的(de)一(yi)(yi)個文化(hua)(hua)符號,而東(dong)莞中堂(tang)鎮是(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)舟(zhou)之鄉(xiang),這里的(de)龍(long)舟(zhou)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)已有一(yi)(yi)百多年的(de)歷史,中堂(tang)龍(long)舟(zhou)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)技(ji)藝是(shi)(shi)(shi)東(dong)莞一(yi)(yi)種古老的(de)傳統手工技(ji)藝,2008年經國(guo)務院(yuan)批(pi)準列入(ru)第(di)二批(pi)國(guo)家(jia)級非物質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺產名錄,成為東(dong)莞著名的(de)非物質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺產之一(yi)(yi)。中堂(tang)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)龍(long)舟(zhou)主要為龍(long)頭高高翹起(qi)的(de)“大頭龍(long)”,其結(jie)(jie)構(gou)分為龍(long)頭、龍(long)尾、龍(long)骨、龍(long)腸、冚板諸部分,包括選(xuan)底骨(龍(long)骨)—起(qi)底—起(qi)水(shui)—打水(shui)平—轉水(shui)—做大旁—做橫擋—做坐板—安(an)龍(long)腸—加(jia)固(gu)中腸—上桐油灰—刨(bao)光(guang)—涂清漆—制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)安(an)裝龍(long)頭—安(an)裝尾舵等工藝流程(cheng)。中堂(tang)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)龍(long)舟(zhou),設計精心,看上去氣宇軒(xuan)昂威風(feng)凜凜,用(yong)料上乘,結(jie)(jie)實、威武、流暢(chang),工藝精湛,非常受民(min)眾喜愛(ai)。
莞(guan)(guan)香,是廣東省(sheng)東莞(guan)(guan)市(shi)最具代表性(xing)的地(di)方特產(chan)之一,為(wei)(wei)國家地(di)理(li)標志產(chan)品,歷(li)來為(wei)(wei)沉香中的珍(zhen)品,居眾(zhong)香之首。而莞(guan)(guan)香制作(zuo)技藝是東莞(guan)(guan)香農歷(li)代相(xiang)傳(chuan)的沉香生(sheng)產(chan)制作(zuo)傳(chuan)統技藝,涵蓋了對原態(tai)香樹的培植獲取(qu)和加工(gong)(gong)取(qu)精兩大部分,包括(kuo)從辨土到合香等30多(duo)道工(gong)(gong)序。莞(guan)(guan)香制作(zuo)技藝已于2014年被列入(ru)第(di)四批國家級非物(wu)質文化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)名錄,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)東莞(guan)(guan)非物(wu)質文化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)傳(chuan)統技藝類的代表項目(mu)。
麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)舞(wu)(樟(zhang)木(mu)頭(tou)舞(wu)麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin))是(shi)東莞(guan)(guan)樟(zhang)木(mu)頭(tou)鎮的(de)(de)客(ke)家(jia)傳(chuan)統舞(wu)蹈,明末清初(chu)由客(ke)家(jia)人(ren)從(cong)北(bei)方帶來的(de)(de),距今有(you)四百五十(shi)多年的(de)(de)歷史,是(shi)南(nan)粵大(da)地上最有(you)特色(se)的(de)(de)一種民間娛(yu)樂活(huo)動之一,是(shi)東莞(guan)(guan)客(ke)家(jia)人(ren)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)民俗文化活(huo)動,入選2011年第三(san)批國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)非(fei)(fei)物質文化遺(yi)產名錄(lu),也是(shi)東莞(guan)(guan)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)物質文化遺(yi)產。樟(zhang)木(mu)頭(tou)舞(wu)麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)都是(shi)師傅口傳(chuan)身授(shou),每(mei)個姓(xing)氏自當一門,多為祖傳(chuan),世代相(xiang)承。每(mei)年秋后(hou),村里(li)同宗(zong)同姓(xing)的(de)(de)年輕人(ren)集中(zhong)到本族祠堂里(li)的(de)(de)“拳館”練習(xi)功夫(fu),由本族的(de)(de)麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)師傅傳(chuan)授(shou)舞(wu)麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)。樟(zhang)木(mu)頭(tou)麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)藝(yi)人(ren)所扎的(de)(de)麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)頭(tou)以(yi)竹藝(yi)精、畫藝(yi)精、形(xing)態逼真、色(se)彩鮮艷(yan)贏得(de)了良好的(de)(de)聲(sheng)譽(yu)。據(ju)MAIGOO小編了解(jie),東莞(guan)(guan)麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)舞(wu)除了樟(zhang)木(mu)頭(tou)舞(wu)麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)外,還有(you)塘(tang)廈舞(wu)麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)、清溪麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)舞(wu)、竹塘(tang)麒麟(lin)(lin)(lin)舞(wu)等。
東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)(guan)賽(sai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)富有東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)(guan)地方特色的(de)傳統體育競(jing)技項(xiang)目(mu),為國(guo)家級非物質文化遺產(chan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)(guan)端午最(zui)熱鬧的(de)民俗火爆。東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)(guan)地處珠江口(kou)東(dong)(dong)岸(an),水(shui)鄉澤國(guo),河流縱橫,水(shui)面廣闊,賽(sai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)奪(duo)錦,自宋(song)以來(lai),沿襲至今。每年(nian)農歷(li)四月(yue)初八起,東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)(guan)人便開始做(zuo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)競(jing)渡(du)的(de)準備,直到五月(yue)底,東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)(guan)人劃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),洗龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui),趁龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)景(jing)(jing),吃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)餅,食(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)飯,唱龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)歌,延續(xu)一個(ge)多(duo)月(yue),稱為“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)月(yue)”。 龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)月(yue)的(de)中心活動是(shi)(shi)(shi)競(jing)渡(du),亦稱“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)景(jing)(jing)”。包括:龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)下(xia)水(shui)、搶青、設標、趁景(jing)(jing)、奪(duo)標、犒標等,是(shi)(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)(guan)最(zui)熱鬧的(de)景(jing)(jing)致。賽(sai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)已于2011年(nian)入(ru)選第三批國(guo)家級非物質文化遺產(chan)名(ming)錄。
清溪彩扎(麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)制(zhi)(zhi)作)是(shi)流(liu)行于廣(guang)東省東莞市(shi)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)美術(shu),為國(guo)家(jia)級非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan),是(shi)東莞傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)美術(shu)類代表性(xing)非(fei)遺(yi)項目。清溪麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)制(zhi)(zhi)作保留(liu)了客(ke)家(jia)麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)工藝(yi)風格,已(yi)有(you)(you)近150年(nian)歷史(shi)。其中,又以“高華麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)”具代表性(xing)麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)制(zhi)(zhi)作是(shi)一種(zhong)用竹篾、布、薄(bo)紗等(deng)(deng)材料扎制(zhi)(zhi)麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)舞道(dao)具——麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)民間傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)手工技(ji)藝(yi),伴(ban)隨著客(ke)家(jia)麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)舞的(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)和(he)發展,廣(guang)泛分布于廣(guang)東東莞、惠州、佛(fo)山、廣(guang)州和(he)粵東、粵北等(deng)(deng)地(di)的(de)(de)客(ke)家(jia)人聚居(ju)地(di)區。清溪麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)制(zhi)(zhi)作蜚聲(sheng)海(hai)外,其制(zhi)(zhi)作有(you)(you)獨特麒(qi)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)頭(tou)設計,精美的(de)(de)彩繪(hui)、裝潢,形(xing)神兼(jian)備,栩栩如生(sheng),工藝(yi)非(fei)常高超(chao)精致,具有(you)(you)極(ji)高的(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)觀賞(shang)和(he)保留(liu)價值,于2014年(nian)被列入(ru)第四批(pi)國(guo)家(jia)級非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)名錄。
木(mu)(mu)魚(yu)歌又稱“木(mu)(mu)魚(yu)書”、“摸魚(yu)歌”、“沐浴歌”,屬(shu)彈詞類曲(qu)種(zhong),是(shi)流行于廣東粵語(yu)地區(qu),尤其(qi)(qi)在東莞(guan)(guan)地區(qu)廣泛傳唱(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)曲(qu)藝(yi)形式(shi),在莞(guan)(guan)邑傳承350余年(nian),是(shi)東莞(guan)(guan)戲曲(qu)類最(zui)具(ju)代(dai)表性(xing)的(de)(de)非遺(yi)項目。東莞(guan)(guan)木(mu)(mu)魚(yu)歌以東莞(guan)(guan)話演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang),其(qi)(qi)行腔抑揚頓(dun)挫(cuo),委婉(wan)動(dong)聽。表演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時,演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)者往往用三弦或(huo)秦琴作(zuo)間歇(xie)性(xing)伴奏過渡。演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出依演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)方式(shi)分為“雅唱(chang)(chang)”和“俗唱(chang)(chang)”(也稱“讀歌”)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong),“雅唱(chang)(chang)”曲(qu)調(diao)委婉(wan)悠(you)長,“俗唱(chang)(chang)”近乎韻(yun)誦。木(mu)(mu)魚(yu)歌不僅(jin)是(shi)歷(li)史悠(you)久的(de)(de)“彈詞”類曲(qu)種(zhong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要代(dai)表性(xing)品種(zhong),也是(shi)傳統節目積累豐富(fu)的(de)(de)曲(qu)藝(yi)品種(zhong),于2011年(nian)入選(xuan)第三批國家級非物(wu)質文化遺(yi)產(chan)名錄。
莞草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)編織是流傳于(yu)廣(guang)東(dong)省東(dong)莞市的(de)傳統(tong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi),是廣(guang)東(dong)省級(ji)第二批非物質(zhi)文化(hua)遺產之一,也是東(dong)莞傳統(tong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi)類(lei)代(dai)表性非遺項目。東(dong)莞市地(di)處(chu)珠江、東(dong)江出(chu)海口的(de)水(shui)鄉(xiang)地(di)帶(dai),江河與海潮在這里交匯,咸水(shui)與淡水(shui)交替沖(chong)灌(guan),最(zui)適宜水(shui)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)生長,其(qi)質(zhi)地(di)柔軟堅韌,是編織草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)席(xi)(xi)的(de)上好(hao)材料,被(bei)稱(cheng)為莞草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),成為東(dong)莞著(zhu)名(ming)特產。莞草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)編織技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi)源遠流長,至今(jin)已有(you)兩千多年歷史(shi)。莞草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)編織有(you)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)繩(sheng)類(lei)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)辮類(lei)、繩(sheng)席(xi)(xi)類(lei)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)席(xi)(xi)類(lei)等多個種類(lei),草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)席(xi)(xi)是莞草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)編織技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi)的(de)代(dai)表,尤以(yi)厚街的(de)芥黃席(xi)(xi)最(zui)為著(zhu)名(ming),其(qi)制作包括挑(tiao)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、染(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、曬(shai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、行(xing)綆、織席(xi)(xi)、剪席(xi)(xi)、拍席(xi)(xi)、統(tong)席(xi)(xi)九道工序。
茶(cha)園(yuan)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),即東岳(yue)廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)期為每年(nian)農(nong)歷三(san)月(yue)二十(shi)五至二十(shi)八日,是茶(cha)山歷史悠久的(de)民俗(su)活動,是廣(guang)東省東莞市茶(cha)山鎮重要的(de)賽會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)活動,同時(shi)也(ye)是嶺南(nan)地(di)區保留(liu)最為完整、最具(ju)特色(se)的(de)東岳(yue)廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。2021年(nian),茶(cha)園(yuan)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)被(bei)列(lie)入國家級非物質文化遺(yi)產(chan)代表性項目名錄(lu)拓(tuo)展項目名錄(lu),成為東莞民俗(su)類(lei)代表性的(de)非遺(yi)項目。茶(cha)園(yuan)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)源(yuan)遠流長(chang),當地(di)民諺“茶(cha)園(yuan)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)雨淋頭、石崗(gang)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)曬出(chu)油、溫塘爛(lan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)年(nian)年(nian)有、寮步好會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)無返頭”道出(chu)了(le)茶(cha)園(yuan)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)期間的(de)天氣特征,也(ye)印證(zheng)了(le)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在本土的(de)影響力(li)。游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)以擺會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、扮(ban)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、走菩薩、做木頭公、做大(da)戲、燒豬(zhu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)等為基本內容,是含有民間信俗(su)、出(chu)巡禮儀、游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)活動、村社共慶、地(di)方文化展示和娛(yu)樂等內容的(de)民俗(su)活動。
寮步香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)市(shi)是東(dong)莞(guan)一(yi)種傳統(tong)民俗活動,與廣(guang)州花市(shi)、廉州珠市(shi)、羅(luo)浮藥市(shi)并稱(cheng)廣(guang)東(dong)“四(si)大名(ming)市(shi)”而名(ming)揚天下,先后被列為(wei)東(dong)莞(guan)市(shi)第一(yi)批(pi)(pi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)名(ming)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)、廣(guang)東(dong)省第二批(pi)(pi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)名(ming)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)和第四(si)批(pi)(pi)國家級非(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)名(ming)錄(lu)(lu)(lu),成為(wei)東(dong)莞(guan)著名(ming)的非(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)名(ming)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)。寮步自古(gu)以(yi)來商(shang)貿業就十分興(xing)盛,明清(qing)時期(qi),久負盛名(ming)的“莞(guan)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”集(ji)散(san)于(yu)此,經廣(guang)州、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)港遠銷于(yu)東(dong)南亞等地,素(su)有“香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)市(shi)”之稱(cheng)。
研究聲明:東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)非(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺產十大(da)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)榜單是Maigoo小編主要依據(ju)東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)地(di)區代(dai)表(biao)(biao)性(xing)非(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺產的(de)(de)歷史(shi)、藝術、科學價值(zhi)、傳(chuan)承情(qing)況(kuang)以及在東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)地(di)區的(de)(de)影響力等(deng)因(yin)素進(jin)行選擇,參考國務院及廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)、東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)市政(zheng)府評(ping)選的(de)(de)“國家級非(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺產名(ming)錄”“廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)省(sheng)級非(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺產名(ming)錄”“東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)市級非(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺產名(ming)錄”和廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)宣傳(chuan)部評(ping)選的(de)(de)“嶺(ling)南十大(da)文化(hua)(hua)名(ming)片”名(ming)單,并綜合參考互聯網相關排行榜/榜單進(jin)行推薦,名(ming)單僅(jin)供參考,幫助您了解東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)著名(ming)的(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺產,如(ru)有疑問,歡迎在末尾(wei)評(ping)論(lun)/交流指正。