一、什么是集中供暖
在(zai)(zai)寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)冬季,北(bei)(bei)方(fang)的(de)(de)城(cheng)市會(hui)(hui)采(cai)取集中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)形式為住(zhu)宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan),所謂(wei)的(de)(de)集中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan),實際上是(shi)(shi)(shi)集中(zhong)(zhong)集團(tuan)式供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)一(yi)種形式,供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)企業(ye)(ye)劃分片區,施工(gong)鋪管至(zhi)每家每戶,業(ye)(ye)主需(xu)(xu)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)規定(ding)時間(jian)到(dao)指定(ding)地(di)點繳費,然后(hou)(hou)由單位安排試壓(ya),等氣溫(wen)降(jiang)下(xia)來以后(hou)(hou),統(tong)一(yi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan);一(yi)般供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度是(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)定(ding)好的(de)(de),不管是(shi)(shi)(shi)否需(xu)(xu)要(yao),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)天(tian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)的(de)(de),若業(ye)(ye)主發現室內溫(wen)度達不到(dao)約定(ding)的(de)(de)標準,可(ke)申請退款。集中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)主要(yao)采(cai)用地(di)暖(nuan)(nuan)形式,存在(zai)(zai)管網熱(re)損失、管路輸送能耗、初期建設(she)成本高等不利因素,且由于建設(she)或運行管理(li)水平原因會(hui)(hui)造成冷(leng)熱(re)不均的(de)(de)情況,但從大(da)環境講,對北(bei)(bei)方(fang)地(di)區來說,天(tian)氣比較冷(leng),需(xu)(xu)要(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)時間(jian)長,集中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)比較經濟節(jie)能、安全(quan)環保的(de)(de)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)系統(tong)形式。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人們(men)生活質量及知識(shi)水平的提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao),人們(men)的節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保意識(shi)不斷提(ti)(ti)(ti)升,為了提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)資源的利用(yong)(yong)率,減(jian)少(shao)污染排放(fang),需要(yao)(yao)嚴格要(yao)(yao)求供熱(re)(re)系(xi)(xi)統各個環節(jie)。供熱(re)(re)采(cai)暖系(xi)(xi)統節(jie)能(neng)(neng)的主要(yao)(yao)途徑和措施有(you):1、熱(re)(re)源方面(mian):選擇合適的鍋爐設(she)備(bei)、提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)操作技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、運用(yong)(yong)新(xin)的節(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。2、熱(re)(re)網方面(mian):采(cai)用(yong)(yong)平衡調節(jie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、聚氨酯保溫直埋技(ji)術(shu)(shu),實(shi)現熱(re)(re)力管(guan)網的水力平衡,減(jian)少(shao)供熱(re)(re)管(guan)道的熱(re)(re)損耗(hao),加強(qiang)供熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)全程監測,定期(qi)維護管(guan)理供熱(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)。3、熱(re)(re)用(yong)(yong)戶方面(mian):讓用(yong)(yong)戶逐漸樹立良好的觀念,做到(dao)經濟取暖;推(tui)廣分戶雙管(guan)系(xi)(xi)統,實(shi)施熱(re)(re)表到(dao)戶、計量收費;加強(qiang)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)培訓工作力度,提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)耗(hao)意識(shi)。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱采暖(nuan)是按(an)(an)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de),一般以(yi)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所有(you)(you)權證(zheng)標明的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)為準,對未(wei)列入房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所有(you)(you)權證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(贈送面(mian)積(ji)(ji))部(bu)分(fen),有(you)(you)供暖(nuan)設施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)予(yu)收(shou)費(fei)(fei),無供暖(nuan)設施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)予(yu)收(shou)費(fei)(fei),公攤面(mian)積(ji)(ji)屬于(yu)建(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)部(bu)分(fen),因此也要收(shou)費(fei)(fei),具體的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)標準是:室(shi)內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在(zai)2.2米(含2.2米)以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de),按(an)(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)60%收(shou)費(fei)(fei);室(shi)內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在(zai)2.2米以(yi)上(shang)(shang),2.7米(含2.7米)以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de),按(an)(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)90%收(shou)費(fei)(fei);室(shi)內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在(zai)2.7米以(yi)上(shang)(shang),按(an)(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)實際套內(nei)建(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。