一、什么是集中供暖
在寒(han)冷(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)冬季,北方的(de)(de)城市會(hui)采(cai)取集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)形式(shi)為住宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),實際上是集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)形式(shi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)企(qi)業劃分(fen)片(pian)區,施工(gong)鋪管(guan)至每家(jia)每戶,業主(zhu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)在規(gui)定時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)到(dao)(dao)指定地(di)點(dian)繳費(fei),然后由(you)單位安排(pai)試壓(ya),等氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)降下來以后,統(tong)一(yi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan);一(yi)般供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)是設定好(hao)的(de)(de),不(bu)管(guan)是否(fou)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao),都是全天供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)的(de)(de),若業主(zhu)發現室內(nei)溫(wen)度(du)達不(bu)到(dao)(dao)約(yue)定的(de)(de)標準,可申(shen)請退款(kuan)。集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)用(yong)地(di)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)形式(shi),存在管(guan)網熱(re)損失、管(guan)路輸送能(neng)耗、初期建設成(cheng)本高(gao)等不(bu)利因素(su),且(qie)由(you)于建設或(huo)運行(xing)管(guan)理水平原因會(hui)造成(cheng)冷(leng)(leng)熱(re)不(bu)均的(de)(de)情況(kuang),但從大環(huan)境講(jiang),對(dui)北方地(di)區來說,天氣(qi)(qi)比較冷(leng)(leng),需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)長(chang),集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)是比較經濟(ji)節能(neng)、安全環(huan)保的(de)(de)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統(tong)形式(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人(ren)們生活質量(liang)及知識(shi)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao),人(ren)們的(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)環保意識(shi)不斷提(ti)(ti)升,為了提(ti)(ti)高(gao)資源的(de)利(li)用率(lv),減少污(wu)染排放,需要嚴(yan)格(ge)要求供熱系(xi)統各個環節(jie)(jie)。供熱采(cai)暖(nuan)系(xi)統節(jie)(jie)能(neng)的(de)主要途(tu)徑和措施(shi)有:1、熱源方面:選擇合適的(de)鍋爐設(she)備(bei)、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)操作(zuo)技術(shu)(shu)、運(yun)用新(xin)的(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)技術(shu)(shu)。2、熱網方面:采(cai)用平(ping)衡調節(jie)(jie)技術(shu)(shu)、聚氨(an)酯保溫直(zhi)埋技術(shu)(shu),實(shi)現熱力管網的(de)水(shui)力平(ping)衡,減少供熱管道的(de)熱損耗(hao),加強供熱能(neng)耗(hao)全程監測(ce),定期維(wei)護管理供熱設(she)備(bei)。3、熱用戶(hu)(hu)方面:讓用戶(hu)(hu)逐漸(jian)樹立(li)良好的(de)觀(guan)念,做到經濟取暖(nuan);推廣(guang)分(fen)戶(hu)(hu)雙(shuang)管系(xi)統,實(shi)施(shi)熱表到戶(hu)(hu)、計(ji)量(liang)收費;加強節(jie)(jie)能(neng)培訓(xun)工作(zuo)力度,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減耗(hao)意識(shi)。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱(re)采暖(nuan)是按面(mian)(mian)積(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)的(de)(de),一般以(yi)(yi)房(fang)(fang)屋所有權證標(biao)明(ming)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)準,對未列入(ru)房(fang)(fang)屋所有權證的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(贈(zeng)送面(mian)(mian)積(ji))部分(fen),有供暖(nuan)設施的(de)(de)應(ying)予(yu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei),無供暖(nuan)設施的(de)(de)不予(yu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei),公(gong)攤面(mian)(mian)積(ji)屬(shu)于建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)部分(fen),因(yin)此也要收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei),具體的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)標(biao)準是:室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在2.2米(mi)(含2.2米(mi))以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de),按房(fang)(fang)屋套(tao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)60%收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei);室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在2.2米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上,2.7米(mi)(含2.7米(mi))以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de),按房(fang)(fang)屋套(tao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)90%收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei);室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在2.7米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上,按房(fang)(fang)屋實際套(tao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。