一、什么是集中供暖
在寒冷的(de)冬季,北(bei)(bei)方(fang)的(de)城市會采取集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)形式(shi)為住宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱采暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),實際上是(shi)集中(zhong)集團式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)形式(shi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)企業(ye)劃分片區,施工鋪管(guan)至每家每戶,業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)需要(yao)在規定時間(jian)到(dao)指定地(di)點(dian)繳費(fei),然后由單位安排試(shi)壓,等(deng)氣溫(wen)降(jiang)下(xia)來以后,統(tong)一(yi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan);一(yi)般供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)是(shi)設定好(hao)的(de),不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)否需要(yao),都(dou)是(shi)全天(tian)(tian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱的(de),若業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發現室內溫(wen)度(du)達不(bu)到(dao)約定的(de)標準(zhun),可申請退款。集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)采用地(di)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)形式(shi),存在管(guan)網(wang)熱損失(shi)、管(guan)路輸(shu)送能耗(hao)、初期(qi)建設成(cheng)本高(gao)等(deng)不(bu)利因(yin)素,且由于建設或運行管(guan)理水平原(yuan)因(yin)會造(zao)成(cheng)冷熱不(bu)均的(de)情況,但從(cong)大環境講(jiang),對北(bei)(bei)方(fang)地(di)區來說,天(tian)(tian)氣比較(jiao)冷,需要(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)時間(jian)長,集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)比較(jiao)經濟節能、安全環保的(de)采暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統(tong)形式(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人們生活(huo)質量(liang)及知識水平(ping)的(de)提高(gao),人們的(de)節(jie)能環(huan)保(bao)意(yi)識不斷提升,為了提高(gao)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)利用率,減(jian)少污染(ran)排放,需要嚴格要求供(gong)熱(re)系(xi)統(tong)各個環(huan)節(jie)。供(gong)熱(re)采暖系(xi)統(tong)節(jie)能的(de)主要途(tu)徑和措施有:1、熱(re)源(yuan)(yuan)方面:選擇合適(shi)的(de)鍋爐設備、提高(gao)操作(zuo)技(ji)術(shu)、運(yun)用新(xin)的(de)節(jie)能技(ji)術(shu)。2、熱(re)網方面:采用平(ping)衡調節(jie)技(ji)術(shu)、聚氨酯保(bao)溫(wen)直埋技(ji)術(shu),實現熱(re)力(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)網的(de)水力(li)(li)平(ping)衡,減(jian)少供(gong)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)道的(de)熱(re)損耗,加強供(gong)熱(re)能耗全程監測(ce),定期維護(hu)管(guan)(guan)理供(gong)熱(re)設備。3、熱(re)用戶方面:讓用戶逐(zhu)漸樹(shu)立良好(hao)的(de)觀念,做到(dao)經(jing)濟取暖;推廣分戶雙管(guan)(guan)系(xi)統(tong),實施熱(re)表到(dao)戶、計量(liang)收(shou)費;加強節(jie)能培(pei)訓工作(zuo)力(li)(li)度(du),提高(gao)節(jie)能減(jian)耗意(yi)識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供(gong)熱采暖是按(an)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)收費(fei)的(de)(de),一般以房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所有權證(zheng)標(biao)明的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)為準(zhun),對未列入房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所有權證(zheng)的(de)(de)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(贈送(song)面(mian)積(ji)(ji))部(bu)分,有供(gong)暖設施的(de)(de)應予收費(fei),無供(gong)暖設施的(de)(de)不予收費(fei),公攤(tan)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)屬于建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)部(bu)分,因此(ci)也(ye)要(yao)收費(fei),具體的(de)(de)收費(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)是:室(shi)內凈高在2.2米(含2.2米)以下(xia)的(de)(de),按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套內建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)60%收費(fei);室(shi)內凈高在2.2米以上,2.7米(含2.7米)以下(xia)的(de)(de),按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套內建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)90%收費(fei);室(shi)內凈高在2.7米以上,按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)實(shi)際套內建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)收費(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。