一、什么是集中供暖
在寒冷的(de)(de)(de)冬季,北方的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)市會采(cai)取(qu)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)為(wei)住宅供(gong)(gong)熱(re)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),實際上是(shi)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)集(ji)團式(shi)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)一種形式(shi),供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)企(qi)業劃分片區,施工鋪(pu)管(guan)(guan)至(zhi)每(mei)家(jia)每(mei)戶,業主需要在規定時(shi)間到(dao)指(zhi)定地點繳(jiao)費(fei),然后(hou)由(you)單位安(an)排試壓,等(deng)氣(qi)溫降下來以后(hou),統一供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan);一般供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)溫度是(shi)設定好(hao)的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)否需要,都是(shi)全天供(gong)(gong)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de),若(ruo)業主發現室內溫度達不(bu)到(dao)約定的(de)(de)(de)標準,可申請(qing)退款。集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)主要采(cai)用地暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)形式(shi),存在管(guan)(guan)網(wang)熱(re)損失、管(guan)(guan)路輸送能耗、初期建設成本高(gao)等(deng)不(bu)利因(yin)素(su),且(qie)由(you)于建設或運(yun)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理水平原因(yin)會造(zao)成冷熱(re)不(bu)均的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況,但從大環(huan)境講,對北方地區來說,天氣(qi)比(bi)較冷,需要供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)時(shi)間長,集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)比(bi)較經(jing)濟節能、安(an)全環(huan)保的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統形式(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人們生(sheng)活質(zhi)量及知(zhi)識水(shui)平(ping)的(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao),人們的(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保意識不斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng),為(wei)了提(ti)(ti)高(gao)資源(yuan)的(de)利用(yong)(yong)率,減(jian)少(shao)污染排放,需要(yao)嚴格要(yao)求供熱(re)(re)(re)系統各個環節(jie)(jie)(jie)。供熱(re)(re)(re)采(cai)(cai)暖系統節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)途徑和措施(shi)有:1、熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)方面(mian):選擇合適的(de)鍋(guo)爐設(she)備(bei)、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)操作(zuo)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、運用(yong)(yong)新的(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。2、熱(re)(re)(re)網方面(mian):采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)平(ping)衡調節(jie)(jie)(jie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、聚氨酯保溫直埋技(ji)術(shu)(shu),實現熱(re)(re)(re)力(li)管網的(de)水(shui)力(li)平(ping)衡,減(jian)少(shao)供熱(re)(re)(re)管道(dao)的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)損耗,加強供熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)耗全程監測,定期(qi)維護管理(li)供熱(re)(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)。3、熱(re)(re)(re)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)方面(mian):讓(rang)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)逐漸樹立良好的(de)觀念,做到經濟取暖;推廣分戶(hu)雙管系統,實施(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)表到戶(hu)、計量收費;加強節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)培訓工作(zuo)力(li)度,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)耗意識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供(gong)熱采暖是按(an)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)收(shou)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de),一般(ban)以房(fang)(fang)屋所(suo)有權證(zheng)標明的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為準(zhun),對未列入房(fang)(fang)屋所(suo)有權證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(贈送面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji))部(bu)(bu)分(fen),有供(gong)暖設施的(de)(de)(de)應予(yu)收(shou)費(fei),無供(gong)暖設施的(de)(de)(de)不予(yu)收(shou)費(fei),公攤(tan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)屬于(yu)建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)分(fen),因此也要收(shou)費(fei),具體的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)費(fei)標準(zhun)是:室內(nei)(nei)凈高(gao)在(zai)2.2米(含(han)2.2米)以下的(de)(de)(de),按(an)房(fang)(fang)屋套內(nei)(nei)建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)60%收(shou)費(fei);室內(nei)(nei)凈高(gao)在(zai)2.2米以上(shang),2.7米(含(han)2.7米)以下的(de)(de)(de),按(an)房(fang)(fang)屋套內(nei)(nei)建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)90%收(shou)費(fei);室內(nei)(nei)凈高(gao)在(zai)2.7米以上(shang),按(an)房(fang)(fang)屋實(shi)際套內(nei)(nei)建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)收(shou)費(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。