一、什么是集中供暖
在(zai)(zai)寒(han)冷的(de)(de)冬(dong)季(ji),北(bei)方的(de)(de)城市會(hui)采(cai)(cai)取集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)為住宅(zhai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan),實際上是(shi)集(ji)中集(ji)團式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)一種形(xing)(xing)式(shi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)企(qi)業(ye)劃分片區,施工鋪管至每(mei)家(jia)每(mei)戶,業(ye)主需(xu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)規定時間到指定地點(dian)繳(jiao)費,然后由(you)單位安排試壓,等(deng)氣(qi)溫(wen)降下來(lai)以(yi)后,統(tong)一供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan);一般供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度是(shi)設定好的(de)(de),不(bu)管是(shi)否需(xu)要(yao)(yao),都是(shi)全天供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)的(de)(de),若業(ye)主發現室內溫(wen)度達不(bu)到約定的(de)(de)標準,可申(shen)請退款。集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)主要(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)用地暖(nuan)(nuan)形(xing)(xing)式(shi),存在(zai)(zai)管網熱(re)損(sun)失(shi)、管路輸送(song)能耗、初期建設成本高(gao)等(deng)不(bu)利(li)因素,且(qie)由(you)于建設或(huo)運(yun)行(xing)管理水平原因會(hui)造成冷熱(re)不(bu)均的(de)(de)情(qing)況,但從大(da)環境講,對(dui)北(bei)方地區來(lai)說,天氣(qi)比較(jiao)(jiao)冷,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)時間長,集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)比較(jiao)(jiao)經濟節能、安全環保的(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)系統(tong)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人們生活質量(liang)及知識(shi)水(shui)平的(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao),人們的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)能環(huan)(huan)保(bao)意識(shi)不斷提(ti)升,為了提(ti)高(gao)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)利用(yong)率,減(jian)少污染排(pai)放(fang),需要(yao)嚴(yan)格要(yao)求供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)(xi)統各個(ge)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)采暖(nuan)系(xi)(xi)統節(jie)(jie)能的(de)(de)主要(yao)途(tu)徑(jing)和措施(shi)有:1、熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)方面:選(xuan)擇合適的(de)(de)鍋爐設備(bei)、提(ti)高(gao)操(cao)作技術(shu)(shu)、運(yun)用(yong)新的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)能技術(shu)(shu)。2、熱(re)(re)(re)網(wang)方面:采用(yong)平衡調節(jie)(jie)技術(shu)(shu)、聚氨酯保(bao)溫(wen)直(zhi)埋技術(shu)(shu),實(shi)(shi)現熱(re)(re)(re)力管網(wang)的(de)(de)水(shui)力平衡,減(jian)少供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)管道的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)損耗(hao),加強供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)能耗(hao)全程(cheng)監測,定期維護管理供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)設備(bei)。3、熱(re)(re)(re)用(yong)戶(hu)方面:讓用(yong)戶(hu)逐漸樹立良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)觀念,做到(dao)經濟取暖(nuan);推廣分(fen)戶(hu)雙(shuang)管系(xi)(xi)統,實(shi)(shi)施(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)表到(dao)戶(hu)、計量(liang)收費(fei);加強節(jie)(jie)能培訓工作力度,提(ti)高(gao)節(jie)(jie)能減(jian)耗(hao)意識(shi)。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱采暖(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)按(an)面(mian)積(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費的(de)(de),一(yi)般(ban)以(yi)房屋(wu)所(suo)有權(quan)證標明的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)準(zhun),對未列(lie)入房屋(wu)所(suo)有權(quan)證的(de)(de)面(mian)積(ji)(贈送面(mian)積(ji))部(bu)分(fen),有供暖(nuan)(nuan)設施(shi)的(de)(de)應予(yu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費,無供暖(nuan)(nuan)設施(shi)的(de)(de)不予(yu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費,公攤面(mian)積(ji)屬于(yu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)部(bu)分(fen),因此也要收(shou)(shou)(shou)費,具(ju)體的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費標準(zhun)是(shi):室內(nei)凈高(gao)在2.2米(含(han)(han)2.2米)以(yi)下的(de)(de),按(an)房屋(wu)套內(nei)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)60%收(shou)(shou)(shou)費;室內(nei)凈高(gao)在2.2米以(yi)上(shang),2.7米(含(han)(han)2.7米)以(yi)下的(de)(de),按(an)房屋(wu)套內(nei)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)90%收(shou)(shou)(shou)費;室內(nei)凈高(gao)在2.7米以(yi)上(shang),按(an)房屋(wu)實際套內(nei)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。