電池儲能系統的結構組成
1、蓄電池系統
目前(qian)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)方式主要分為(wei)三類:物理儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(抽(chou)水儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、飛(fei)輪儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等)、化(hua)學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)(chi)、氧化(hua)還(huan)原液流電池(chi)(chi)、鈉(na)硫電池(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)離子電池(chi)(chi))和(he)電磁(ci)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)三大(da)類,由于經濟性及(ji)應用場(chang)景的(de)原因,除抽(chou)水儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)外,化(hua)學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是應用最廣泛,從國(guo)際和(he)國(guo)內(nei)市場(chang)來看,化(hua)學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)中(zhong)的(de)鋰(li)離子應用較多。
2、PCS變流器系統
儲能雙向變流(liu)器簡稱PCS,儲能變流(liu)器可以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)間的(de)交直流(liu)轉換,完成兩者間的(de)雙向能量流(liu)動,并通過(guo)控制(zhi)策(ce)略實(shi)現(xian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理、網(wang)(wang)測負荷功(gong)率(lv)(lv)跟(gen)蹤、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲能系(xi)統充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)控制(zhi)和正(zheng)常及孤島運行方式(shi)下網(wang)(wang)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)控制(zhi);具有(you)高(gao)轉換效率(lv)(lv)、寬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓輸入(ru)范圍、快速并離網(wang)(wang)切換和方便維護(hu)等(deng)特點,同(tong)時具備完善的(de)保護(hu)功(gong)能,如(ru)孤島保護(hu)、直流(liu)過(guo)壓保護(hu)和低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穿越(可選)等(deng),滿足系(xi)統并、離網(wang)(wang)要求。
3、箱變系統(如有)
如(ru)采用(yong)高壓(ya)(6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等)并(bing)網(wang)系統,須采用(yong)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)完成升壓(ya)任務(wu),為盡量減少兩(liang)支路間的(de)電(dian)磁干擾及環流影(ying)響,箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)系統采用(yong)雙分裂(lie)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi),其他參數跟(gen)風電(dian)和(he)光(guang)伏無大的(de)差(cha)別。
4、站用變電系統(如有)
為變電站(zhan)內(nei)的(de)(de)設備提供交(jiao)流電,如(ru)照明、暖通、檢(jian)修、保護屏、高壓開(kai)關(guan)(guan)柜內(nei)的(de)(de)儲能(neng)(neng)電機、開(kai)關(guan)(guan)儲能(neng)(neng)、生活和工(gong)作設施(shi)供電等,需要操(cao)作電源的(de)(de)。如(ru)與(yu)跟風電、光(guang)伏等組成多能(neng)(neng)互補的(de)(de)電站(zhan),可與(yu)風電或光(guang)伏共用(yong)一套站(zhan)用(yong)變系統。同(tong)時根據用(yong)電負荷(he),選擇合(he)適的(de)(de)站(zhan)用(yong)變容量。
5、電纜(一次和二次)
交流ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻燃交聯聚乙(yi)烯絕緣電力(li)電纜具有高機(ji)械(xie)強度、耐環境應力(li)好、優良的(de)(de)電氣性能(neng)和耐化學腐蝕等特點,重量輕,結構簡單,使用方便。本(ben)產品適用于交流額定電壓35kV 及(ji)以下的(de)(de)輸配(pei)電線路上。
ZR-RVVP 控制電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)低(di)煙(yan)無鹵阻燃(ran)(ran)型電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)特點(dian)是電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)不(bu)僅具備阻燃(ran)(ran)性能,而且具有低(di)發(fa)煙(yan)性和無害性(毒性和腐蝕性較小),適用于對電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)阻燃(ran)(ran)、煙(yan)密度、毒性指(zhi)數(shu)有特別(bie)要求(qiu)的(de)場所。
6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS
電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系(xi)統BMS,主要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護進行管理(li)。充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)能(neng)保(bao)(bao)證各(ge)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)差(cha)異小于(yu)設定值(zhi),實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)各(ge)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的均充(chong),有效地改(gai)善了(le)串(chuan)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式下的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效果。同時(shi)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)中各(ge)個(ge)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的過壓(ya)(ya)、欠壓(ya)(ya)、過流、短路、過溫狀態,保(bao)(bao)護并延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用壽命。BMS系(xi)統隨(sui)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成套提供。
能(neng)量(liang)管理系統EMS,主要(yao)是對(dui)電站的實(shi)時運(yun)行(xing)(xing)狀態(tai)信息進行(xing)(xing)監控(kong),包(bao)括系統功率曲(qu)線、電池電壓溫度信息、累計(ji)處理電量(liang)信息及(ji)其(qi)他約定的監測信息。并且(qie)可以在服務器中建立(li)遠(yuan)程監控(kong)軟件(jian)能(neng)夠(gou)遠(yuan)程控(kong)制及(ji)下載數據,能(neng)夠(gou)實(shi)時報警,并傳輸到(dao)指定手機上。
7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備
電池(chi)儲能(neng)監(jian)控系統基本功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)包(bao)括:測量監(jian)視功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、數據處理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、分析統計功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、操(cao)作控制(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、事件告(gao)警功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、保(bao)護管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、人(ren)機接口功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、事故追憶及歷(li)史反演功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、歷(li)史數據管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、遠動(dong)及轉(zhuan)發功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、系統維護功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)。
相(xiang)關接入系統的(de)設備是整個的(de)監(jian)控(kong)系統的(de)組成部分,由于(yu)各個地(di)方電網建設的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)不一樣,形成了(le)接入系統所(suo)需的(de)設備不盡相(xiang)同,不過根據國標GB、行(xing)標DL等要求,還(huan)是可以發現一些共同的(de)設備。
儲能系統的作用
1、提高分布式能源的穩定性
儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統應用(yong)于微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)中,通過能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源管理系(xi)統(EMS),將分(fen)(fen)布式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源與儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統、主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)協同控制,可(ke)以平穩(wen)分(fen)(fen)布式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源的波(bo)動,穩(wen)定輸(shu)出(chu),并提供(gong)分(fen)(fen)布式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源的就地利用(yong)率,避(bi)免(mian)遠(yuan)距離傳輸(shu)給主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)照成傳輸(shu)壓力(li)及電(dian)(dian)力(li)損耗。
除此之外,儲能系統(tong)還能在夜間,或分布式能源維修(xiu)期(qi)間,持(chi)續為主要負載提供(gong)部(bu)分電源,減(jian)少停電時間。
2、改善用戶用電的電能質量
儲(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)的(de)運(yun)用,能(neng)夠對微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量的(de)提升(sheng)發揮(hui)重要的(de)作用,系統(tong)通(tong)過(guo)對儲(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)中PCS控制(zhi),在穩定(ding)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸出的(de)同時,調節儲(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)向(xiang)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網輸出的(de)有功、無功,同時解決電(dian)(dian)壓驟降/跌落問(wen)題。
在面對主(zhu)電網(wang)電壓驟(zou)升、驟(zou)降等(deng)問題(ti)時,儲(chu)能(neng)系統可以提(ti)供(gong)快速功(gong)(gong)率緩沖,快速吸收/補充電能(neng),提(ti)供(gong)有功(gong)(gong),無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率支撐,穩定(ding)電壓波(bo)動。儲(chu)能(neng)系統也(ye)能(neng)為(wei)微電網(wang)提(ti)供(gong)部(bu)分諧(xie)波(bo)治理功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。
3、調峰
儲能系統在微電網中,可以在負荷低谷時候,存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能,在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能,調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節,在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲能系統(tong)在滿足(zu)峰(feng)值(zhi)負荷用電的同時,可以(yi)降低發電機(ji)組或變壓器所需容量。