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電池儲能系統的結構組成

1、蓄電池系統

目前儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方式主要(yao)分為(wei)三(san)類：物理儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（抽水(shui)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓縮空氣儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、飛輪儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)）、化學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)、氧化還原(yuan)液流(liu)電(dian)池(chi)、鈉(na)硫(liu)電(dian)池(chi)、鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)）和電(dian)磁(ci)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)三(san)大類，由于經(jing)濟(ji)性及應用(yong)(yong)場景的原(yuan)因，除抽水(shui)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)外(wai)，化學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是應用(yong)(yong)最廣泛，從國際和國內市場來看，化學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)中的鋰(li)離子應用(yong)(yong)較多(duo)。

2、PCS變流器系統

儲(chu)能(neng)雙向變流器簡稱PCS，儲(chu)能(neng)變流器可(ke)以(yi)實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)與電(dian)(dian)網間的交直流轉換，完成(cheng)兩者間的雙向能(neng)量流動(dong)，并通(tong)過控制策略實現(xian)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統的充放電(dian)(dian)管(guan)理、網測負荷功率(lv)跟蹤、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)能(neng)系統充放電(dian)(dian)功率(lv)控制和(he)正(zheng)常及(ji)孤島運行(xing)方式下(xia)網測電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的控制；具有高轉換效率(lv)、寬電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸入(ru)范圍、快速并離網切換和(he)方便維護(hu)(hu)等特點，同時(shi)具備完善的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)功能(neng)，如孤島保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、直流過壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穿越（可(ke)選）等，滿足系統并、離網要求。

3、箱變系統（如有）

如采用高壓（6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等）并網(wang)系統(tong)，須采用箱變(bian)(bian)完成(cheng)升壓任務(wu)，為(wei)盡量減(jian)少兩支路間的電磁干擾及環流影(ying)響，箱變(bian)(bian)系統(tong)采用雙分裂變(bian)(bian)壓器，其他參數跟風電和(he)光伏無大(da)的差(cha)別。

4、站用變電系統（如有）

為變(bian)電站(zhan)內(nei)的(de)設(she)備(bei)提供交流電，如照明(ming)、暖通(tong)、檢(jian)修(xiu)、保護屏、高壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)柜內(nei)的(de)儲能電機(ji)、開關(guan)(guan)儲能、生活和(he)工作(zuo)設(she)施(shi)供電等(deng)，需要操作(zuo)電源(yuan)的(de)。如與跟風(feng)電、光伏等(deng)組成多(duo)能互(hu)補的(de)電站(zhan)，可與風(feng)電或光伏共(gong)用(yong)(yong)一套站(zhan)用(yong)(yong)變(bian)系統。同時(shi)根據(ju)用(yong)(yong)電負(fu)荷，選擇合適(shi)的(de)站(zhan)用(yong)(yong)變(bian)容量。

5、電纜（一次和二次）

交流ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻燃交聯聚乙烯絕緣電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)具有高機械強度、耐(nai)環(huan)境(jing)應力好、優良的電(dian)(dian)氣性能和耐(nai)化學腐蝕等特點，重量輕，結構簡單，使用方便。本產(chan)品適(shi)用于交流額定電(dian)(dian)壓35kV 及(ji)以(yi)下的輸配電(dian)(dian)線路上(shang)。

ZR-RVVP 控制電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)低(di)煙(yan)無鹵阻(zu)燃(ran)型(xing)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的特點是電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)不僅具備阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能，而且(qie)具有低(di)發(fa)煙(yan)性(xing)(xing)和(he)無害性(xing)(xing)（毒性(xing)(xing)和(he)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)較小），適用于(yu)對電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)阻(zu)燃(ran)、煙(yan)密度、毒性(xing)(xing)指數有特別(bie)要求(qiu)的場所。

6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系統BMS，主要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)進行(xing)管(guan)理。充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時能保證各(ge)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差異小(xiao)于設定值(zhi)，實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組各(ge)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的均充(chong)，有效(xiao)地改善了串(chuan)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式下的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果。同(tong)時檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組中各(ge)個單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的過壓(ya)、欠壓(ya)、過流、短(duan)路、過溫(wen)狀態，保護(hu)并延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用壽命。BMS系統隨鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成套提供。

能量管理系統(tong)EMS，主要(yao)是對電(dian)(dian)站的實(shi)時運行狀態信息(xi)進行監控(kong)，包括系統(tong)功率曲(qu)線、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓溫度信息(xi)、累(lei)計處理電(dian)(dian)量信息(xi)及其他約定的監測信息(xi)。并且可(ke)以在服務(wu)器中(zhong)建(jian)立遠程監控(kong)軟件能夠遠程控(kong)制及下載數據，能夠實(shi)時報警，并傳輸到指定手機(ji)上。

7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備

電池儲能(neng)監控系統基本功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)包(bao)括：測量(liang)監視功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、數據(ju)處理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、分析統計功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、操作控制功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、事件告警功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、保護(hu)(hu)管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、人機接口功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、事故追憶及(ji)歷史反演(yan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、歷史數據(ju)管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、遠動及(ji)轉發功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、系統維(wei)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)。

相(xiang)關接入系統(tong)的(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)是整個(ge)的(de)監控系統(tong)的(de)組成部(bu)分(fen)，由于各個(ge)地方電網建設(she)的(de)情況(kuang)不(bu)一(yi)樣，形(xing)成了接入系統(tong)所需的(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)不(bu)盡(jin)相(xiang)同，不(bu)過根據(ju)國標(biao)(biao)GB、行標(biao)(biao)DL等(deng)要(yao)求，還是可(ke)以發現一(yi)些共同的(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)。

儲能系統的作用

1、提高分布式能源的穩定性

儲(chu)能系(xi)(xi)(xi)統應用于微(wei)電網(wang)中，通過能源(yuan)管理系(xi)(xi)(xi)統（EMS），將分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)能源(yuan)與儲(chu)能系(xi)(xi)(xi)統、主電網(wang)協同(tong)控制(zhi)，可以平(ping)穩(wen)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)能源(yuan)的波動，穩(wen)定輸出，并提供分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)能源(yuan)的就(jiu)地利用率，避(bi)免遠距離傳輸給主電網(wang)照成(cheng)傳輸壓(ya)力(li)(li)及(ji)電力(li)(li)損耗。

除此(ci)之外(wai)，儲(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)還能(neng)在夜間(jian)(jian)，或分布式能(neng)源(yuan)維修期間(jian)(jian)，持續為主要(yao)負載提(ti)供部(bu)分電(dian)源(yuan)，減(jian)少停(ting)電(dian)時間(jian)(jian)。

2、改善用戶用電的電能質量

儲能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)運用，能(neng)夠對微(wei)電(dian)網電(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量的(de)提升發(fa)揮(hui)重要的(de)作用，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)通過(guo)對儲能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中PCS控制，在穩定電(dian)能(neng)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)同時，調(diao)節儲能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)向微(wei)電(dian)網輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)有功(gong)、無功(gong)，同時解決電(dian)壓(ya)驟(zou)降/跌落問(wen)題。

在面對主電(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)壓驟(zou)升(sheng)、驟(zou)降等問題時，儲(chu)能(neng)系統可以提(ti)供(gong)快速功(gong)率緩沖(chong)，快速吸(xi)收/補充電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，提(ti)供(gong)有功(gong)，無功(gong)功(gong)率支撐，穩定電(dian)(dian)壓波動。儲(chu)能(neng)系統也能(neng)為微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)提(ti)供(gong)部分諧波治理功(gong)能(neng)。

3、調峰

儲能系統在微電網中，可以在負荷低谷時候，存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能，在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能，調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節，在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲能系統(tong)在滿足峰值負荷用電(dian)的(de)同時(shi)，可以降低發電(dian)機組或(huo)變(bian)壓器(qi)所需容量。