一、光伏發電系統分類

光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)分為(wei)獨立光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)、并網光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)及分布式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)。

1、獨立光伏發電系統

獨立光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)也叫離網光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)。主(zhu)要由太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)件、控制(zhi)器(qi)、蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)成，若(ruo)要為交流負載供電(dian)，還需要配置交流逆變器(qi)，獨立光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)站包括邊遠地區(qu)的(de)村莊供電(dian)系統(tong)、太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)戶用電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)、通信(xin)信(xin)號電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)、陰(yin)極(ji)保護、太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)路燈等各(ge)種帶有蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)可以獨立運行(xing)的(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系統(tong)。

2、并網光伏發電系統

并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是太陽能組件產生的直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經過(guo)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)逆(ni)變器轉換成(cheng)符合市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)要求的交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)入(ru)公共(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。可(ke)(ke)以分為帶(dai)(dai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統和不(bu)帶(dai)(dai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統，帶(dai)(dai)有蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統具(ju)有可(ke)(ke)調(diao)度性(xing)，可(ke)(ke)以根(gen)據需(xu)要并(bing)入(ru)或退出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，還具(ju)有備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的功(gong)(gong)能，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)因故停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時可(ke)(ke)緊急供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；帶(dai)(dai)有蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統常常安(an)裝(zhuang)在居(ju)民建筑；不(bu)帶(dai)(dai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統不(bu)具(ju)備(bei)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)度性(xing)和備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的功(gong)(gong)能，一般安(an)裝(zhuang)在較大型的系(xi)(xi)統上。

3、分布式光伏發電系統

分布式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)又可分為集中(zhong)式(shi)大型并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和分布式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系統(tong)。集中(zhong)式(shi)大型并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的主(zhu)要特點是(shi)能將所發電(dian)(dian)直接(jie)輸送到電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，由電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)統(tong)一調配向用戶(hu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)大、建設周期(qi)長、占地(di)面積(ji)大。而(er)分布式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系統(tong)，有投(tou)(tou)資(zi)小、建設快、占地(di)面積(ji)小、政策支持力度大等優點。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、光伏發電系統應用領域

1、用戶太陽能電源?

(1)小型電(dian)(dian)源10-100W不等，用于邊遠(yuan)無電(dian)(dian)地區如高(gao)原、海島、牧(mu)區、邊防(fang)哨(shao)所等軍民生(sheng)活用電(dian)(dian)，如照明、電(dian)(dian)視、收音(yin)機(ji)等；

(2)3~5KW家庭屋(wu)頂并網發電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)；

(3)光伏水泵：解(jie)決無電地區的深水井飲用、灌溉;

(4)太陽能凈水器(qi)：解決無(wu)電地區的(de)飲水、凈化水質問題。

2、交通領域

如航標(biao)燈(deng)、交通(tong)(tong)/鐵(tie)路信號燈(deng)、交通(tong)(tong)警示/標(biao)志燈(deng)、高(gao)空障礙燈(deng)、高(gao)速公路/鐵(tie)路無(wu)線(xian)電(dian)話亭、無(wu)人值守道(dao)班(ban)供電(dian)等。

3、通訊/通信領域

太陽能無(wu)人值守微波中繼站、光(guang)纜維護站、廣播(bo)/通(tong)訊/尋呼電(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)；農(nong)村載波電(dian)(dian)話光(guang)伏系統(tong)、小型通(tong)信機、士(shi)兵GPS供電(dian)(dian)等。

4、石油、海洋、氣象領域

石油管道和水庫閘門陰(yin)極保護(hu)太陽能電源系統、石油鉆井平臺(tai)生活及應急電源、海(hai)洋檢測設備(bei)、氣象(xiang)/水文觀測設備(bei)等(deng)。

5、家庭燈具電源

如(ru)庭院燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、路燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、手提燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、野營燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、登山(shan)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、垂釣燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、黑(hei)光(guang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、割膠燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、節(jie)能燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、投射燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等。

6、光伏電站

10KW-50MW獨立光伏電(dian)站(zhan)、風光（柴(chai)）互(hu)補電(dian)站(zhan)、各種大型停車廠充(chong)電(dian)站(zhan)等。

7、太陽能建筑

將太陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)與(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑材(cai)料相結合，使得未來的大型建(jian)(jian)筑實現(xian)電(dian)力自給(gei)，是未來一大發(fa)展方向(xiang)。

8、其他領域包括

(1)與汽車(che)(che)配套：太陽能(neng)汽車(che)(che)/電(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)、電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)設備(bei)、汽車(che)(che)空調(diao)、換氣(qi)扇、冷飲(yin)箱(xiang)等；

(2)太陽能制(zhi)氫加燃料電池的再生發電系統(tong)；

(3)海水(shui)淡化設備供(gong)電(dian)；

(4)衛星、航天器(qi)、空(kong)間太陽能電站等。