種植谷子需要注意什么? 種子谷子四步驟介紹
一、品種選擇 可選用(yong)赤谷(gu)6號(hao)、晉谷(gu)22號(hao)、龍谷(gu)29號(hao)、鐵谷(gu)7號(hao)、公谷(gu)63號(hao)等品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。谷(gu)子(zi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前要(yao)進行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處理(li)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處理(li)有曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、藥(yao)劑拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包(bao)衣等方式。其中藥(yao)劑拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可以防治黑(hei)穗(sui)病和地下害蟲(chong)。

二、播種 春谷(gu)在6月中旬以前(qian)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種為(wei)宜。其播(bo)(bo)(bo)種方式(shi)有耬(lou)播(bo)(bo)(bo)、溝播(bo)(bo)(bo)，耬(lou)播(bo)(bo)(bo)是谷(gu)子的(de)主要播(bo)(bo)(bo)種方式(shi)。春谷(gu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種量每畝(mu)為(wei)0.5公斤左右，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種深(shen)度為(wei)3～5厘米。旱地(di)每畝(mu)留(liu)苗2萬～3.5萬株，水澆地(di)留(liu)苗3萬～6萬株。

三、田間管理 （一）保全苗(miao)(miao)。谷子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)粒較(jiao)小，加之北(bei)方干旱等(deng)原因，容易造成谷田缺苗(miao)(miao)斷壟。因此，應加強田間管理。出苗(miao)(miao)后植(zhi)株(zhu)有2～3片(pian)葉時要查苗(miao)(miao)補(bu)種，5～6片(pian)葉時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間苗(miao)(miao)、定苗(miao)(miao)。（二）蹲苗(miao)(miao)促壯。在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)條件(jian)(jian)好(hao)、幼(you)苗(miao)(miao)生(sheng)長旺(wang)的田塊，應及時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)蹲苗(miao)(miao)。在(zai)植(zhi)株(zhu)2～3片(pian)葉時鎮壓，控制肥(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)。（三）中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除草。中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)大多在(zai)幼(you)苗(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)、拔(ba)節期(qi)(qi)和孕穗(sui)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，通常中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)2～3次。第一次中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)應結(jie)合間苗(miao)(miao)、定苗(miao)(miao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。第二次中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)在(zai)拔(ba)節期(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有灌(guan)溉條件(jian)(jian)的地方應結(jie)合追肥(fei)、澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)要深，同時要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)培(pei)土。第三次中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)在(zai)封行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)深度以(yi)4～5厘米為宜。

四、收獲 谷子(zi)適宜收(shou)獲期(qi)(qi)在(zai)臘(la)熟(shu)末期(qi)(qi)或完熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)。若(ruo)收(shou)獲過(guo)早(zao)，則子(zi)粒不飽滿(man)，谷粒水分含量(liang)高，其(qi)產量(liang)和(he)品質(zhi)下降(jiang)(jiang)。若(ruo)收(shou)獲過(guo)遲，則谷粒中的纖維(wei)素分解，莖稈(gan)干枯，落粒嚴重。若(ruo)遇雨(yu)，則生芽，其(qi)品質(zhi)下降(jiang)(jiang)。